初中英语被动语态教师版.docx
《初中英语被动语态教师版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语被动语态教师版.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
初中英语被动语态教师版
内容
基本要求
被动语态的结构
一.被动语态的构成
二.主动语态变被动语态
主动表被动
一.主动表被动的动词
二.主动表被动的非谓语动词
一、被动语态使用的场合
英语中,大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。
但是,被动语态也有其特殊的用途,它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。
人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:
A.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者
Mybikewasstolenyesterday.(不知道)
Aknifeisusedforcuttingthings.(不必要)
B.强调动作的承受者时,使用“by+执行者”
Iambeatenbythemeveryday.
TheseathasbeentakenbyTom.
二、被动语态的构成
构成:
be+done
主动:
Catseatfisheveryday.
被动:
Fishiseatenbycatseveryday.
真题链接:
He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
答案:
A
被动语态表
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am
is done
are
am
is beingdone
are
has
beendone
have
过去
was
done
were
was
beingdone
were
hadbeendone
将来
will/shall+bedone
am/is/aregoingto+bedone
情态动词
can/may/must/should
+be+done
重点:
常见时态的被动语态
1.一般现在时
主动语态:
do
被动语态:
am/is/are+done
例:
Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。
被动:
Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.教室每天都由我们打扫。
2.一般过去时
主动语态:
did
被动语态:
was/were+done
例:
Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。
Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少钱?
考点链接:
1.Lookatthefactory!
It______beforeIcamehere.
AisbuiltBhasbuiltCwasbuiltDwasbuilding
2.DidyougotoMike’sbirthdayparty?
No,I__________.
Adidn’tinviteBhaven’tinvitedCwasn’tinvitedDamnotinvited
答案:
C;C
3.一般将来时
主动语态:
will/shalldo;is/am/aregoingtodo
被动语态:
will/shallbe+done;is/am/aregoingto+bedone
例:
主动:
Wewillcleantheclassroomsoon.我们很快要打扫教室。
被动:
Theclassroomwillbecleanedbyussoon.教室很快就要被我们打扫。
考点链接:
Morebuildings________inthiscityin2016.
AwillbuildBwillbebuiltChasbuiltDwasbuilt
答案:
B
4.一般过去将来时
主动语态:
would/shoulddo;was/weregoingtodo
被动语态:
would/shouldbe+done;was/weregoingto+bedone
例:
主动:
Wetoldhimthatwewouldcleantheclassroomsoon.
被动:
__________________________________________.
5.现在进行时(难点)
主动语态:
am/is/are+doing
被动语态:
am/is/are+beingdone
例:
主动:
Wearecleaningtheclassroomnow.我们现在正在打扫教室。
被动:
_____________________________________________.
6.过去进行时
主动语态:
was/were+doing
被动语态:
was/were+beingdone
例如:
被动:
Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusyesterday.
主动:
__________________________________________.
7.现在完成时
主动语态:
has/havedone
被动语态:
has/have+beendone
例:
被动:
Hasanewtrainingcentrebeensetupbythegovernmentinourtown?
主动:
_____________________________________________
8.过去完成时
主动语态:
haddone
被动语态:
had+beendone
例:
主动:
Wehadcleanedtheclassroom.
被动:
________________________________.
9.情态动词的被动语态
主动语态:
can/may/must/should+do
被动语态:
can/may/must/should+bedone
例:
主动:
Moretreesshouldbeplantedonthemountainsbyus.
被动:
__________________________________________________.
变换口诀——主动语态变被动语态
主变宾,宾变主,by要接在宾语前,被动语态be字变,过去分词接后面。
英语中最典型的句子类型是“主语+谓语+宾语”。
当“主语+谓语+宾语”结构中只有一个宾语,变为被动语态时,将宾语变为主语。
Catseatfisheveryday.
Fishiseatenbycatseveryday.
难点一:
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(带双宾的被动语态)
在这个句型中,谓语动词跟有两个宾语。
变成被动语态时,一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语,但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语。
例:
Wegavethestudentsomebooks.我们给了这个学生几本书。
Thestudentwasgivensomebooks.这个学生被给了几本书。
注:
用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,for,of等),以加强间接宾语的语气。
例:
Wegavethestudentsomebooks.
Somebooksweregiventothestudent.
难点二:
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(复合宾语)
在这个句型中,谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语,变成被动语态时,宾语转化成主语,宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语。
例:
Allthevillagerspaintedthehouseswhite.所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
Thehouseswerepaintedwhitebyallthevillagers.房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。
易错点一:
注意to要还原
有些使役动词和感官动词,如make,see,hear,watch,notice,observe等,在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动结构时,不定式应加上to。
例:
Thebossmakestheworkersworksixteenhourseveryday.
Theworkersaremadetoworksixteenhoursbythebosseveryday.
考点链接:
Theyoungmanwasoftenseen_______bythelake.
AtodrawBtodrawingCdrawDdrew
易错点二:
许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成动词短语,相当于及物动词。
在变被动语态的时候,不可把动词短语分开,也不可漏掉动词短语中的介词或副词。
常考的短语动词有:
lookafter/takecareof/listento/talkto/speakto/laughat
例:
Healwaystakescareofhissister.
Hissisterisalwaystakencareof(byhim).
1、Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.
AdesignedBhasbeendesignedCwillbedesignedDwillhavebeendesigned
2、Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.
AistakenBtakesCwillbetakenDhastaken
3、“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?
”“Notyet.Theroom____.”
AhasbeenpaintedBispaintedCpaintsDisbeingpainted
4、“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?
”
ATheyhavebeengivenBIhavebeengiven
CIamgivenDTheyhavegiventome
答案:
C;A;D;B
主动表被动
一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形
(1)某些连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:
Thatdoglooksdangerous.那只狗看起来很危险。
练一练:
你的想法听起来很好。
_______________________________________.
(2)当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:
Thesupermarketdoorsshutautomatically.超市的门是自动关的。
(3)当read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:
Thisshirtwillwearverylong.这衬衫可以穿很久。
练一练:
这种布料好洗。
_______________________________________.
(4)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start,finish,end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义:
Whendoestheconcertbegin?
音乐会什么时候开始?
Theplayendedatteno’clock.戏10点钟结束。
二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形
(1)不定式toblame,tolet用作表语时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:
Whoistoblame?
该怪谁呢?
Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。
(2)不定式用于某些动词(如have,havegot,get,want,need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义:
Ihavesomeletterstowrite.我有一些信要写。
Iwanttogetsomethingtoread.我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:
Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。
(指自己打字)
Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。
(指请人打字)
(3)beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动:
Inall,thebookisworthreading.总之,这本书值得一读。
Thismightbeworththinkingabout.这可能值得考虑。
【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of),且要用被动式表示被动含义:
Thisbookisworthytoberead[ofbeingread].这本书值得一读。
(4)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义:
Theplantswantwateringeveryday.这些花草得天天浇水。
Thiswallrequiresrepairing.这面墙需要修理了。
【注】①以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义:
Thissentenceneedsexplaining[tobeexplained].这个句子需要解释。
②它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义:
Itneedsnoexplanation.它无需解释。
Thisplanrequirescarefulconsideration.这项计划需要仔细考虑。
一.选择题
1)Wouldyoulikeapieceofthiskindofcloth?
It_well.
A.issoldB.issellingC.isbeingsoldD.sells
2)Takecare!
Don'tgettheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.
A.won'twashoutB.won'tbewashedoutC.isn'twashedoutD.isn'twashingout
3)Inwarmweather,fruitandmeat_long.
A.Don'tkeepB.can'tbekeptC.arenotkeptD.arenotkeeping
4)Booksofthiskind_____well.
A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold
5)Hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.
A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose
6)Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.
A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
7)Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.
A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned
8)Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho______forthespoiledchild.
A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame
答案:
D;A;B;A;B;A;B;A;
家庭作业:
一.选择题
1.The computers of this kind_____in this area.
A.sells best B.sell best
C.are sold best D.is sold best
2.Potatoes____better hot than cold.
A.eat B.are eaten
C.are eating D.have eaten
3.The vegetablesarenot worth______,went bad.
A.taking B.to be taken
C.to take D.being taken
4.Foodandclothes____bywomen.
A.isoftentalkaboutB.areoftentalked
C.areoftentalkedaboutD.oftentalkedabout
5.Thebaby____whenMotherwasout.
A.welllookedafterB.waslookedwell
C.iswelllookedafterD.waswelllookedafter
6.Inthepasttenyear,alotofnewbuildings_____inourcity.
A.areputupB.haveputup
C.havebeenputD.havebeenputup
7.Joansaidthewallet____innotime.
A.willbehandedinB.wouldbehandedin
C.hadbeenhandedinD.wouldbehanded
8.Jackoftendoesthingsfoolishly,sohe____sometimes_____byothers.
A.is…laughedB.is…laughedat
C.was…laughedD.has…beenlaughedat
9.Suchfilms_____bychildrenlikeyou.
A.mustbenotseenB.mustnotbesee
C.mustnotseenD.mustnotbeseen
10._____thebook____ifIcan’tfinishitintime?
A.Must…renewB.Must…renewed
C.Must…berenewD.Must…berenewed
11.The food _____ easily and sells _____.
A. cooks; well B. is cooking; good
C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good
12.Thischeesecan’t______easily.It’stoosoft.
A.cutB.tocut
C.cuttingD.becut
13.Thestrawberriesarenice______.
A.eatingB.toeat
C.eatD.beingeat
14.The teacher's smile made me ___ better.
A. feel B. to feel
C. feeling D. felt
15.Themissing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing
C. play D. to play
答案:
B;A;A;C;D;D;B;B;D;D;A;A;B;A;D
二.按要求填空。
1.I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetter______________(寄)?
2.Thiskindofcloth_______(摸起来)soft.
3.好的书应该被一遍又一遍阅读。
翻译:
________________________________________.
4.这些孩子需要细心照料。
翻译:
_______________________________________.
5.你有什么要说的吗?
翻译:
_______________________________________.
答案:
tobeposted;feels;
Agoodbookshouldbereadagainandagain.
Thesechildrenneedlookingaftercarefully.
Doyouhaveanythingtosay?