商场消防设计中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

商场消防设计中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

《商场消防设计中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《商场消防设计中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

商场消防设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

商场消防设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）

原文:

AnalysisofandStudyontheDifficultiesintheFireProtectionDesignofLargeCommercialComplex

Abstract

Firepropertiesofthelargecommercialcomplexhasbeensummarized.Basedonthefactthattherearecontradictionsbetweenwhatisrequiredforthelargecommercialcomplexinthefirecodeandtherealapplicationinpractice,difficultiesinfireprotectionofdesigninglargecommercialcomplexhavebeenanalyzed.

Keywords:

largecommercialcomplex;fireprotectiondesign;difficulty;researchstatus

1.Introduction

Inrecentyears,moreandmorelargecommercialcomplexeshaveappearedinChina.Thesecomplexesintegratedifferentbusinessesintoonlargebuilding,wherecustomerscandoshopping,eatorenjoythemselves.Accordingtothestatistics,nearly200largecomplexesinChinanowhaveindoorwalkingstreet,withdifferentkindsofshopsstandingalongbothsides.Andwhat’smore,theindoorwalkingstreetsharesthelargespacewiththeatrium.

Generallyspeaking,thelargecommercialcomplexismulti-functionalwithhighfireloadandlargeassemblyofpeople.Themechanismoftheoccurrenceoffireisdifferentfromthatoftheordinarybuildingsandthefirelossisalsoheavier.Asaresult,thiskindofcommercialcomplexneedshigherfiresafety.However,thecurrentnationalfirecodeonlygivestheminimumrequirements.Nospecificfiresafetyobjectivesareprovided.Therefore,itisquiteimportanttounderstandthedesignandresearchstatusofthelargecommercialcomplexandtoprovidesafe,reasonableandeconomicalfiredesignmethod.

2.Characteristicsoflargecommercialcomplexfire

2.1Highfireoccurrence

Thereareheavyfireloadsinsidethelargecommercialcomplex,whichincludemerchandiseslikeclothes,shoes,hatsandcombustibledecorations.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatelectricityistheimportantfactortocausefirehazard.Therefore,toprovideelectricityamongthesecombustiblesisverydangerous.However,inthelargecommercialcomplex,electricsystemsandequipmentareinstalledtoprovideelectricityforlighting,ventilatingandairconditioning.Ifthereisshortcircuit,spark,poorcontactorlongtimeelectrifyingofthelightsorelectricheater,firemaybecaused.Inaddition,otherfactorslikeimproperwelding,lightedcigaretteendsorarsoncancausefiretoo.

2.2Quickspreadoffireandsmoke

Iffireoccursinalargecommercialcomplex,itcanspreadveryquicklyandgrowintoalargefireinashorttime,whiletheshelteroftherackusuallydecreasethesensitivityofthefiredetectionsystemandcausedelay.Asaresult,firecan’tbedetectedandcontrolledtimely.Theotherreasonforquickfirespreadingisthattheverticalspaceformedbytheatriumandescalatorsinthecomplexmayhelpfireandsmoketospreadtothewholebuilding.

2.3Largecasualtiesandpropertyloss

Thelargecommercialcomplexusuallyaccommodatesvaluablemerchandisesandfacilities.Oncethereisafire,bigpropertylossisinevitable.Andwhat’smorefatalisthatthereareusuallylargeassembliespresent.TheheavysmokewithCO,CO2,NOx,HCNnotonlyaffectsthesafeandquickevacuationofthepeople,butalsoputthemindanger.AccordingtothestatisticsofJapanandUK,thepercentageofdeathscausedbysuffocationinthefirecanbeashighas78.9%.Asaresultofacomplicatedlayout,largeassemblyofpeople,longtimetoevacuate,thelargecommercialcomplexissusceptibletofatalfireaccidentswhichusuallysufferheavycasualties.Forexample,onSept.30,1997,afireoccurredinasupermarketonthethirdfloorofashoppingmallinChangchun,Jilinprovince.Itcaused11deathsand2injuries.Theburningareareached4500m2andmostofthecommoditiesinsidethesupermarketwereburnt.ThedirectpropertylosswasRMB14,611,000Yuan.

3.Analysisofdifficultiesinfireprotectiondesignoflargecommercialcomplex

Comparingwiththeordinarybuilding,thecommercialcomplexislargeandusuallymulti-functional.Duringtheconstruction,newmaterials,technologiesandstructuresareemployed,whichoftenbringaboutdifficultiesinitsfireprotectiondesign.

3.1Therearenoapplicablerequirementsforthefireprotectiondesignofthecomplexinthecurrentnationalfirecode

Forthefireprotectiondesignofalargecommercialcomplex,thecurrentnationalstandardhascoveredthefollowingpoints:

（1）thebuildingstyleandthedistributionofbusinessoperationsinsidethecomplex;

（2）thestyleoftheindoorwalkingstreet;

（3）howtodeterminethefireloadofthecomplex;

（4）ifthewalkingstreetinsidethecomplexcanbeusedasasafeevacuationarea?

Ifyes,whatkindofconditionsshouldbeprovided;

（5）theoccupancydensity,firefightingequipment,smokecontrolpatternaswellasotherimportantdesignparameters;

（6）thesizeandseparationoftheshopsalongthebothsidesofthewalkingstreet.

3.2Therearelimitationsinthefirecodeforthefiredesigningofthelargecommercialcomplex

Herejustgivesanexampletoillustratethelimitation.Therequirementsfortheevacuationofthepeoplein“Codefordesignofshopbuildings”JGJ48-88can’tmeettheneedoftheevacuationsystemofthelargecommercialcomplex.PersonnelconvertquantityinJGJ48-88isbasedonthebusinessareaandtheareaofthestorage,whichistotallyunfitforthenewlayoutofacomplexwithmodernideasandnovelties.TheevacuationwidthcalculatedaccordingtothemethodgiveninJGJ48-88isusuallytoobig.Asaresult,morestaircaseswillberequired,whichnotonlybringsgreatdifficultiesinthedesigningoftheevacuationsystem,butalsocreateenormouswaste.Atthesametime,thelayout,structureaswellastheaestheticqualityofthecomplexwillbeaffectedtoo.[68~70]Therefore,itisimpropertodeterminetheevacuationwidthorotherparametersaccordingtothecalculationmethodgiveninthecurrentstandard.

3.3Someoftherequirementsinthecurrentcodecan’tbeimplementedeasilyinthefireprotectiondesignoflargecommercialcomplex

（1）Firecompartmenttion.

Itisrequiredinthecurrentfirecodethatthefirecompartmentofthecommercialbuildingsshallnotbelargerthan5000m2.However,thebuildingareaofalargecommercialcomplexisusuallyasbigashundredsofthousandsofsquaremeters.Ifthefirecompartmentisdividedstrictlyaccordingtotherequirementsofthefirecode,manymanyfirecompartments,staircasesandexitswillbeprovided.Theresultofthisisthatthearrangementsofthebusinessareawillbegreatlyaffectedandthefunctionofthecomplexwillbecompletelylimited.

（2）Fireseparation.

Thetypicalproblemforthefireprotectiondesignoflargecommercialcomplexisthatitstraveldistanceandevacuationwidthcan’tmeettherequirementsofthecode.

“Codefordesignofbuildingfireprotectionandprevention”GB50016-2006requiresthatthelineardistancebetweenanypointintheshoppingareasinsidetheClassAandClassBbuildingsandthenearestexitshouldnotbelargerthan30m;whenthebuildingisprotectedcompletelybysprinklersystem,themaximumsafetraveldistanceshallbe37.5m;theendofthestaircaseonthefirstfloorshallbeprovidedwithexitdirectlyleadingtooutdoororshallbeenlarged.Whenthebuildingisnotmorethan4stories,theexitdirectlyleadingtooutdoorcanbelocatedattheplacethatisnotmorethan15mawayfromthestaircase.Butinpractice,itisnotenoughforlargecommercialcomplextoprovideemergencystaircasesonlyattheperipheryofthebuildingbecausethecomplexisusuallyquitelonganddeep.Therefore,morestaircasesshallbeprovidedinthemiddle.Accordingtotherequirementsofthefirecode,thesestaircasesinthemiddlepartofthebuildingmusthaveexitsdirectlyleadingtotheoutdoor,whichiscompletelyoutofthequestion.

“Codeforfireprotectiondesignoftallbuildings”GB50045-95（2005edition）requiresthatthelineardistancebetweenanypointintheshoppingareasandthenearestexitshouldnotbelargerthan30m.Inpractice,theemergencystaircasesofthehigh-risecommercialbuildingsarealsoprovidedattheperipheryofthebuilding.Thelineardistancebetweentheleastfavorablepointtotheneareststaircaseisoftenlargerthan30m.Butinordertomeettherequirementofthetallbuildingcode,staircasesinthemiddleofthebuildingmustbeprovided.However,thestaircasesinthemiddleofthebuildingcan’tdirectlyleadtooutside.

（3）Firefighting.

Both“Codefordesignofbuildingfireprotectionandprevention”and“Codeforfireprotectiondesignoftallbuildings”requirethatwherethelengthofthebuildingalongthestreetismorethat150morthetotallengthofthebuildingismorethan220m,awellsituatedfirevehicleaccessshallbeprovidedtocrossthebuilding.Forlargecommercialcomplex,itisquitedifficulttoprovidefirevehicleaccesstocutthebuildingapart.Therefore,inpractice,manydesignersproposetousethewalkingstreetasthefirevehicleaccess,butitcan’tmeetthefirefightingneedofthefirevehicles.

4.Currentresearchstatusathomeandabroad

CurrentlyinChina,theresearchesonthefireprotectiondesignoflargecommercialcomplexmainlyfocusontheanalysisofsomefireprotectionsystem.

ZhaoHualianganalyzedthecommonlyusedindexandparametersofevacuationdesign.Parametersusedfordesignofevacuationsystemoflargecommercialcomplexsuchasnumberofpeople,evacuationwidth,traveldistanceaswellasemergencylightinghavebeendiscussed.

Aimatthedifficultiesindesigningofthefirepartitionincommercialconstruction,ZhengYanqiuanalyzedthegeneralrequirementsforthe