高中定语从句汇总.docx
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高中定语从句汇总
Book3Module5学案语法
一、教学目标：
简单理解定语从句，知道其定义。
二、重难点：
灵活运用关系代词或副词
三、教学步骤
Step1Leading-in（导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。
Heisacleverstudent.HeisastudentwhoisgoodatEnglish.Helivesinasmallvillage.Hisgrandfatherlivedtherebefore.Iknowagirlwholivesinthevillagetoo.HernameisWangFang.WangFang’sfatherisafarmer.Heisahard-workingfarmer.
Step2语法讲解
1：
有关定语从句的几个概念
1）功能：
相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2）位置：
定语从句置于被修饰词之后：
Thosewhoaregoingtoattendthepartysignhereplease.
3）先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词
4）关系词：
引导定语从句的都称关系词
2：
关系词的双重身份及其选用原则
1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
先行词前指代先行词
关系词
定语从句后在从句中做句子成分
人
who
主语（说明是“谁”）
人
whom
宾语（说明是“谁”）
人
whose
定语（说明是“谁的”）
人
that
主语/宾语
物
which
主语/宾语
时间
when
时间状语
原因
why
原因状语
地点
where
地点状语
人物/事件/句子
as
主语/宾语/表语
3：
熟记如下原则:
A：
关系词必用which的定语从句
1）在非限制性定语从句
2）在关系词前有介词时
3）当先行词本身是that时
4）当关系词离先行词较远时
B：
当先行词指物时,宜用that
1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。
2）先行词被all\much\little\none\few\one\something\anything等不定代词修饰时。
3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
4）当主句中含疑问词which时。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
5）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago。
C:
who与that都可指人时，情况多用who作关系词.
1）当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用。
2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用。
3）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被取代。
4）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
D:
whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
DoyouknowMr.Smith,thestoryofwhomisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.（whose引导定从修饰room）
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,anditswindowfacestheriver.（并列句用and连接）
1）Shehastwobrothers,wivesaredoctors.
2）Shehastwobrothers,andwivesaredoctors.
E：
关系代词as,作主语、宾语和表语
先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany（much）中，从句都用as引导。
1.Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
2.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsago.
注意：
区别①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。
Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch..
②thesame…that…引导定语从句。
Iwanttousethesametoolthat\asyouusedjustnow.
F:
关系副词when与where、why：
when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhich；
where指地点=in/at/from/which；
why指原因=forwhich
1）Iheardthereason_________hegave.
2）Iheardthereason_________hewaslate.
3）Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedyesterday？
4）Isthisthefactory_________youworkedbefore？
5）Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether__________wetravelledinAmerica.
Step3定语从句练习：
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
Step4高考链接
1.Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.（2011全国卷I）
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
2.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.（11上海卷）A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
Step5反思回馈：
（体验简单定语从句的进化历程）
1:
他是个好学生。
2：
他是个擅长游泳的好学生。
第一个句子中：
有个定语“好：
单个形容词作定语通常在修饰词前。
第二个句子中“擅长游泳的“放后面做定语从句。
可以体验一下由单句到复合句的造句流程。
定语从句练习
一．定语从句的理解：
用来修饰名词或代词的词成为定语：
例如：
atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred
能否再举出类似的例子_________________________
以上的定语都是单词或短语，如果定语是句子时，便成为定语从句。
Iknowthegirlinred.→Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.
（这样变化帮助理解，前者表示更简洁，所以一般我们会在无法用某个词汇或短语来修饰名词或代词时，我们选择定语从句来帮助）
Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisinred.（两个简单句）→（定语从句）
Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.
找出被修饰的词是_______________。
这个词就成为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是________________。
它就成为关系词。
关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当____________。
二．试一试：
观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。
（后面附有定语从句中关系词的用法，先学习后，可以帮助）
Iknowthewoman.ThewomaniscomefromFrance.
______________________________________________________________
Helovesthedog.Hismotherboughtthedogforhim.
______________________________________________________________
Thisisthesoldier.Thesoldiersavedtheboy’slife.
_____________________________________________________________
Hewasfriendlytothestranger.Hemetthestrangerinthestreet.
_____________________________________________________________
Lillyboughtthebook.Thebook’scoverispink.
_______________________________________________________________
Theboystudieshard.Theboy’sfatherisadoctor.
_________________________________________________________________
Thisistheschool.Mymotherworksintheschool.
_______________________________________________________________
Istillrememberthatday.YouleftforBeijingonthatday.
_______________________________________________________________
Couldyouexplainthereason?
Youwerelateforthereason.
__________________________________________________________________
Iwillneverforgetthetime.Ispentthetimewithmygrandparents.
________________________________________________________________
三：
用适当的关系词填空：
1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.
3.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.
4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.
5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.
6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?
10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangZhou,______liestheWestLake?
11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.
12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.
13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.
14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.
15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.
16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized（认出）you.
18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.
19.Thisistheway____hedidit.
20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?
21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?
22.ShelovesplayingsoccerisverypopularintheUK.
23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.
24.Theparkisaveryquietplaceyoucanhaveerest.
25.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.
26.ThisisMr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.
27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.
28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.
29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.
四：
高考题：
1.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.（2011山东卷）
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
2.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.（2011江西卷）
A.forwhichB.withwhich
C.ofwhichD.towhich
3.Abankistheplace______theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.（2011浙江卷）
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there
4.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.（2011福建卷）
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
5.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.（2011天津卷）
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
定语从句练习二
1.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed.
A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which
2.Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom
3.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindNancy?
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom
4.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
A./B.whyC.whenD.what
5.Ihavefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces_____youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays.
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that
6.I’dliketotellyouaboutthetablemanners__youshouldknowwhenyouvisitKorea.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.how
7.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,________hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;which
C.which;thatD.when;which
8.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
9.Is________someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschool
C.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
10.---Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?
---Ilikemusic________hasgreatlyrics.
A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whose
11.Thatistheonlything________Iboughtfromthesupermarket.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where
12.Theplace________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
13.Thecomputer________lastweekhasgonewrong.
A.whichIboughtitB.Ibought
C.whatIboughtD.Iboughtit
14.Thatisthepoorboy________fatherdiedinatrafficaccidentlastyear.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which
15.Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingunderthetree?
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.where
16.Isthewoman________talkedtoourteacheryesterdayyourmother?
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what
17.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.
A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which
18.Iliketoliveinahouse________isbigandbright.
A.thatB.whoC.howD.why
19.Ihatepeople________talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
20.Iamoneoftheboys________neverlateforschoo
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