自尊激活及其对语词注意偏向和记忆的影响基于本科生和初中生的对比研究.docx

自尊激活及其对语词注意偏向和记忆的影响基于本科生和初中生的对比研究.docx

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自尊激活及其对语词注意偏向和记忆的影响基于本科生和初中生的对比研究

学校代码10270学号092200602

上够脚范大誓

硕士学位论文

论文题目自尊激活及其对语词注意偏向和记忆的影响

基于本科生和初中生的对比研究

学院教育学院

专业基础心理学

研究方向自我认知

研究生姓名梁鑫

指导教师高湘萍教授

完成日期201

2年4月

论文题目自尊激活及其对语词注意偏向和记忆的影响

基于本科生和初中生的对比研究

专业基础心理学

学位申请人梁鑫

指导教师高湘萍教授

摘要

自尊是不是一种加工特定信息的模式在特定的情境中被激活发挥作用

激活的自尊内部工作模式如何影响信息加工实验以不同难度数字计算任务激

活被试的自尊动机分别考察90名本科生和90名初中生被试对积极消极中

性语词刺激的注意偏向并和再认测验成绩比较本科生实验结果发现受不同

难度任务激活情境影响在高低难度激活情境下高自尊组被试表现出对消极词

语的注意敏感对积极词语表现出注意抑制低自尊水平被试显示出对积极词语

注意敏感对消极词语注意抑制无激活情境不会引起被试对信息的注意偏向

在记忆环节高低自尊者消极语词的记忆成绩要优于积极语词的记忆成绩初

中生实验结果发现受激活情境影响在低难度激活情境下高低自尊者都表现

出对积极语词的注意敏感消极语词的注意抑制而在高难度和无激活情景下没

有引起注意偏向在记忆环节高低自尊者消极语词的记忆成绩要优于积极语

词的记忆成绩

关键词自尊激活自尊内部工作模式注意偏向再认成绩

Abstract

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目录

弓l言························································l

第一章文献综述···············································2

1．1自尊研究的起源及其含义····································2

1．1．2自尊研究的起源··········································2

1．1．2国外心理学研究者对自尊的定······························2

1．1．3国内心理学研究者对自尊的定······························3

1．2自尊内部工作模式的操作性定义······························5

1．2．1自我图式的理论··········································5

1．2．2自尊与自我的关系········································5

1．2．3自尊内部工作模式的界定··································5

1．3自尊激活的信息加工研究····································6

1．3．1主要研究法··············································7

1．3．2自尊激活与高低自尊······································7

1．3．3自尊激活与情境··········································9

1．4自尊研究与心理咨询·······································10

1．5问题的提出···············································11

1．5．1本研究背景和已有研究现状·······························1l

1．5．2本研究目的·············································13

1．5．3本研究假设·············································13

1．5．4本研究创新处···········································14

第二章实验研究··············································15

2．1实验一···················································15

2．1．1研究目的及假设·········································15

2．1．2研究方法···············································15

2．1．3实验结果的统计处理·····································18

2．1．4讨论与分析·············································23

2．2实验二···················································24

2．2．1研究目的及假设·········································24

2．2．2研究方法···············································24

2．2．3实验结果的统计处理····································26

2．2．4讨论与分析············································31

第三章总的讨论·············································32

3．1两个年龄阶段内部工作模式的对比···························32

3．1．1注意加工对比···········································32

3．1．2记忆加工对比···········································32

3．2该研究不足和后续研究展望································32

3．2．1该研究不足············································32

3．2．2研究展望····························-·················33

第四章结论·················································34

致谢························································35

参考文献····················································37

附录························································41

研究成果····················································46

论文独创性及使用授权声明····································47

上海师范大学硕士学位论文引言

引言

每个人的生活并非一帆风顺事事如意这里有成功也有失败有奖励

也有惩罚有成就也有挫败有表扬也有批评当然人们经历这些不同

的情境时内心随之会产生相应不同的体验这些体验可能是喜悦的高兴的

鼓舞的振奋人心的等积极体验亦可是悲伤的苦恼的挫败的一蹶不振的

等消极体验这些内心体验轻者可深藏内心不予言表重者则可以通过面部表情

表露出来甚至可能影响其后续的行为活动然而是什么原因会让人们有如此

迥异的心理活动以及后续不同的行为活动经历成就挫败等不同的情境到底是

不是会激活人们何种心理机制乃至这种心理机制主导其后续的心理行为活动

此时我们会不禁的想起人们因为工作业绩出色在公开场合下受到夸奖表扬

此刻会不自觉的流露出来一种灿烂的笑容感觉很有面子自尊得到满足如果

人们遭受严厉的批评打击会让他们感觉很没颜面甚至无地自容很伤自尊

多少人为了富有体面自尊的生活而奋斗不息孜孜以求有人拥有不凡的社

会地位这会让他们津津乐道很有自尊有人则因为地位卑微一筹莫展颇

感伤自尊有人生活比较富裕美满这会让他们感觉很体面自尊感强那么什

么是自尊自尊在什么情况下才开始发挥作用影响人们的心理行为活动自

尊在开始发挥作用以后对信息的加工机制又是如何为了更好的回答这些问题

无论是人格心理学家还是认知心理学家对自尊都进行了大量的探索性研究使我

们对自尊有更好的理解

上海师范大学硕士学位论文第一章文献综述

第一章文献综述

1．1自尊研究的起源及其含义

自尊Self-esteem一直以来是国内外心理学研究的热点问题因此这个概念

十分重要无论在日常生活还是心理学研究当中都涉及较多譬如生活中高

考让很多成绩不如意的同学在同伴面前很没自尊公众面前被斥责会让他在大伙

面前很伤自尊学术研究中自尊结构的研究自尊神经生理机制的研究

但在上述具体环境里其含义不尽相同在最新现代汉语词典中自尊有两层含

义其一是指自我尊重既不向别人卑躬屈膝也不允许别人的歧视侮辱

是一种积极健康的心理"其二指自加尊号个体由肯定的自我评价引起的自

爱自重自信及期望受到他人集体社会尊重与爱护的心"而心理学研究

中自尊的含义国内外不同学者界定也不尽相同

1．1．1自尊研究的起源

自尊是遗传的还是后天习得的众多的研究者各有己见先天观根据进化心

理学理论认为人类祖先在适应大自然解决生存问题的过程中大脑已形成了

许多特殊领域的大脑机制并随着时间的进化更具有适应力正如他们所言自

尊反映了自然选择