jhyman@92Y.orgXsubject:
TEENSGIVING）toreceivemoreinformationandtoregisterforthisfantasticevent!
Teenscanalsocontacttheirschool’sCommunityServiceAdvisor.
TEENSGIVINGissponsoredbythe92ndStreetY.
1.TEENSGIVINGisaneventwhichisheld ________.
A.twiceeveryyear
B.everytwoyears
C.onceeveryyear
D.fromtimetotime
2.Whatcantheteenagersdointhisevent?
A.Givethankstotheadults.
B.Takegoodcareofanimals.
C.CleanthestreetsofNewYork.
D.Workforhighschoolsandcolleges.
3.Anadultvolunteermayget _____forhistimedevotedtoTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2016.
A.aT-shirtandagiftcertificate
B.communityservicecreditandaT-shirt
C.ahighschoolcertificateandalightbreakfast
D.agiftcertificateandcommunityservicecredit
4.Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto _________.
A.askreaderstodonatetheiradvicetoTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2016
B.encouragereaderstoaskmorequestionsaboutTEENSGIVING
C.introduceTEENSGIVINGinSPRING2016toreaders
D.informreadersofsomefrequentlyaskedquestions
2、 Evenaswebreatheasighofreliefwatchingtherescueof33minerstrappedinaChileanmineformorethantwomonths,thereisrecognitionthattheirrecoveryfromthistraumaticexperienceinvolvesmorethanjusttheirphysicalhealth.Survivorsofdisastersareatsignificantriskforsuchproblemsasdepressionandanxiety.
Inanupcomingreport,GeorgeA.Bonannoandcolleaguesnotethatdisastersresultinextremepsychologicalharminaminorityofindividuals—lessthan30%ofsamplesexperienceseverelevelsofthesepsychologicalproblems.Justasthereareawiderangeofproblemsexperiencedfollowingdisasters,Bonannoandhisco-authorsobservetherearealsoanumberofoutcomepatterns.Somesurvivorswillexhibitchronicdysfunction（慢性功能障碍）butthemajoritywillgoontorecoverpsychologicalfunctionwithinafewmonthsoryears.
Followingdisasters,themostcommonformofimmediatepsychologicalintervention（介入）isCriticalIncidentStressDebriefing（CISD）（危机事件应激晤谈）.However,followingareviewofstudiesontheeffectivenessofCISD,Bonannoandco-authorsconclude,“MultiplestudieshaveshownthatCISDisnotonlyineffectivebut,assuggestedearlier,insomecasescanactuallybepsychologicallyharmful.”
“Thedataoncrisisdebriefingsuggestthatimposingsuchinterventionsonindividualsdoesn'twork,”Lilienfeldsays. “Ifsomeoftheminerswanttotalktosomebodytoexpresstheirfeelings,thenbyallmeansmentalhealthprofessionalsshouldbetheretolistentothemandsupportthem.Butforminerswhowouldprefernottotalkmuchabouttheexperience,it'sbesttoleavethemaloneandrespecttheirowncopingmechanisms（应对机制）.”
AccordingtoBonannoandhisco-authors,therearetreatmentsthatmaybeeffectiveinhelpingsurvivorsrecoverfromdisasters.Psychologicalfirstaid（PFA）—which,amongotherthings,providespracticalhelpandhelpsdevelopasenseofsafetyandcalmnessamongsurvivors —isapromisingapproach.Forexample,thecommunity-centeredintervention—whichhelpsmaintainasenseofconnectednessandqualityofcommunitylife—isbeneficialtosurvivorsofdisasters.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“traumatic”inthefirstparagraph?
A.Amusing.
B.Upsetting.
C.Impressive.
D.Memorable.
2.WhatcanbeinferredfromLilienfeld'swords?
A.Thechoicesofinterventionsshouldfollowthesurvivors'will.
B.Thesurvivorsshouldoftenaskhealthprofessionalsforadvice.
C.It'sbeneficialforthesurvivorstocommunicatewitheachother.
D.Theminersshouldberespectedfortheirhardanddangerouswork.
3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmethodsisgenerallymoreeffective?
A.Helpsurvivorsfitintheircommunities.
B.Urgesurvivorstojoininvolunteerprograms.
C.Asksurvivorstospeakouttheirexperiences.
D.Leavesurvivorsalonetoimprovetheiremotions.
4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Thetypesofpsychologicalproblems.
B.Theharmfuleffectsofmineaccidents.
C.Thenewresearchaboutthementalactivity.
D.Thepsychologicalhelpforsurvivorsofdisasters.
3、Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?
Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsare attractive.However,there may beother reasons—forexample,economic（经济的） reasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?
Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebeenplacedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.Aslongasthebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominate（影响）itssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.
Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilt（破坏）theareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservative（保守的）anddonotlikechange.
Althoughwehavetorespectpeople'sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.
1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthistoricalbuildingsinthefirstparagraph?
A.Someofthemarenotattractive.
B.Mostofthemaretooexpensivetopreserve.
C.Theyaremorepleasingthanmodernbuildings.
D.Theyhavenothingtodowiththehistoricfeelofanarea.
2.Whichofthefollowingis TRUEaccordingtotheauthor?
A.Weshouldreproducethesameoldbuildings.
B.Buildingsshouldnotdominatetheirsurroundings.
C.Someoldbuildingshavespoilttheareatheyarein.
D.Nooneunderstandswhypeoplespeakagainstnewbuildings.
3.By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“_________”.
A.destroyoldbuildings
B.putthingsinadifferentplace
C.choosenewarchitecturalstyles
D.respectpeople'sfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings
4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainwhypeopledislikechange.
B.Towarnthatwecouldenduplivingincaves.
C.Toadmithownewbuildingshaveruinedtheirsurroundings.
D.Toarguethatmodernbuildingscanbebuiltinhistoricareas.
4、 Inmyveryfirstjobwithsomearchaeologists,Iwasn’tdiggingobjectsoutoftheground,insteadIwasemployedasanartist,drawingwhattheyfound.However,Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthemandthat’showmycareerinarchaeologystarted.IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad,theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia,andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.
Inarchaeology,myall-timeheroisanAmericancalledRaphaelPumpelly.IfirstheardabouthimwhenIwasastudentonatriptoTurkmenistan,acountryrightintheheartofAsia.Togetaroundthecountry,IhadtolearnRussiansothatIcouldspeaktothelocalpeople. WhenIgotthereIthought,“Wow!
I’moneofthefirstAmericanshere!
”ThenanoldmantoldmeaboutanAmericanarchaeologist,RaphaelPumpelly,whowastheredoingthesamethingover100yearsago.
Archaeology’sinmyfamily.Mywife’sinthesameprofession,and,althoughourtwoboysaren’tinterested
升级会员 