考研英语一二真题答案及解析完整版.docx

考研英语一二真题答案及解析完整版.docx

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考研英语一二真题答案及解析完整版

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题

NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates（NETEM）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividual.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentwhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDrUriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorizedthatajudges5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewshad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.

1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified

11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]flat[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposal—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear—about64itemsperperson—andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes—andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine—Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordtoit.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher______.

　[A]poorbargainingskill[B]insensitivitytofashion

　[C]obsessionwithhighfashion[D]lackofimagination

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto______.

　[A]combatunnecessarywaste[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

　[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.　　[C]indifference.　　[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

　[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

　[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

　[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

　[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

　[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle　　[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

　[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry　[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:

“webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto______.

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto______.

[A]onlineadvertisers[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault______.

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof______.

[A]indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciation[D]skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityf