计算机专业英语课后答案清华大学出版社第二版.docx

计算机专业英语课后答案清华大学出版社第二版.docx

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计算机专业英语课后答案清华大学出版社第二版

第1章Computersystemoverview（操作系统概述）

I.Pre-readingQuestions

1.Whatisadigitalcomputer?

Thedigitalcomputerisadigitalsystemthatperformsvariouscomputationaltasks.Theword“digital”impliesthattheinformationinthecomputerisrepresentedbyvariablesthattakealimitednumberofdiscretevalues.Thesevaluesareprocessedinternallybycomponentsthatcanmaintainalimitednumberofdiscretestates.Digitalcomputerisalsocalledelectroniccomputerorcomputer.

2.Arethereanydifferencesbetweenthebinarynumbersystemandthecommondecimalnumbersystem?

Thedecimaldigitshastendigits:

0,1,2,…,and9.Thebinarynumbersystemhastwodigits:

0and1.Thebinarynumbersuseabase2.Thedecimaldigitsuseabase10.

3.Howmanytypesofcomputersdoyouknow?

Nameatleastfourofthem.

Computersareusuallyclassifiedintofourbroadcategories:

microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframecomputersandsupercomputers.

IIFillinthefollowingblanks.

1.Applicationsoftwareisdesignedtoaccomplishreal-worldtasksinfields.

2.An8-bitsignedintegercanhaveanyvaluebetween-128and127

3.Systemsoftwarecontrolsthecomputerandenablesittorunthehardwareandapplicationssoftware.

4.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.

5.Listfourtypesofcomputers:

microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframecomputers,andsupercomputers.

IIITrueorFalse.

1.Thesoftwaresystemisthephysicalequipmentthatyoucanseeandtouch.1.F

2.Typically,adatavalueissettozerotorepresentFALSEand1valueforTRUE.2.F

3.Intheearliestgeneral-purposecomputer,mostinputandoutputmediaweremagneticdisks.3.F

4.Supercomputersarelargest,fastest,andmostexpensivecomputeravailable.4.T

5.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.5.TIVMatchingterms.

1、（b）CPUTheprocessingunitisattheheartofacomputer.

2、（c）bitAunitofinformationconveyedbyasinglebinarydigit.

3、（a）integratedcircuit（IC）Acompleteelectroniccircuitthatpackagestransistorsandotherelectroniccomponentsonasmallsiliconchip.

4、（d）ASCIIAsystemforencodingcharactersasbinarydigits.

VTranslatingTerms.

（1）codingtechniques编码技术

（2）applicationsoftware应用软件

（3）floatingpointdata浮点数据

（4）timesharing分时，分时技术

（5）storagecapacities存储容量

VIChoosethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.

Thischapterintroducesdigitalcomputer,datatypes,theevolutionofcomputers,andtypesofcomputers.1isknowntoall,it’shardtofindafieldin2computersarenotbeingused.Digitalcomputer,alsocalledelectroniccomputerorcomputer,isadigitalsystemthat3variouscomputationaltasks.Digitalcomputersusethe4numbersystem,whichhastwodigits:

0and1.Byusingvariouscoding5,groupsofbitscanbemadetorepresentnotonlybinarynumbers6otherdiscretesymbols,suchasdecimaldigitsorlettersofthealphabet.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.Programstellthehardwarewhattodo.7softwareisdesignedtoaccomplishreal-worldtasksinfieldssuchasaccounting,entertainment,andengineering.Computersareusually8intofourbroadcategories:

microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframecomputers,andsupercomputers.It’shardtogivea9definitiontoeachtypebecausecomputerspeedsandstorage10changerapidly.

1.A.AsB.ItC.AsitD.That

2.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when

3.A.performsB.carriesC.makesD.integrates

4.A.decimalB.binaryC.ArabianD.American

5.A.techniqueB.TechnologyC.techniquesD.technologies

6.A.insteadofB.ratherthanC.butalsoD.aswell

7.A.ApplicationB.SystemC.WordD.Excel

8.A.putB.madeC.conductedD.classified

9.A.preciousB.progressC.proceedingD.precise

10.A.capacitiesB.capableC.capabilitiesD.capacity

1.A2.B3.A4.B5.C

6.C7.A8.D9.D10.C

VII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

1.Byusingvariouscodingtechniques,groupsofbitscanbemadetorepresentnotonlybinarynumbersbutalsootherdiscretesymbols.

通过应用各种编码技术。

一组二进制不但可以表示二进制数据，而且还可以表示其他离散符号，如十进制数字或字母表中的字母。

2.Systemsoftwareincludesnotonlythecomplexprogramsusedbytechnicianstocreateapplicationsoftwareinthefirstplacebutalsotheorganizationalprogramsneededtostartupthecomputerandgovernitsuseofotherprograms.另一方面，系统软件控制计算机系统，它不仅包括专业人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序，而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其它程序使用的管理程序。

3.Dataarenumbersandotherbinary-codeinformationthatareoperatedontoachieverequiredcomputationalresults.数据是数字和其他二进制代码信息，这些二进制代码信息是可操作并能满足要求的计算机结果。

4.4.Ratherthanarithmeticallyorlogicallymanipulatingcharacters,acomputermayconcatenatestringsofcharacters,replacesomecharacterswithothers,orotherwisemanipulatecharacterstrings.计算机能将若干字符连成串，而不是用算术方法或逻辑方法处理字符，用串代替其它字符或另行处理字符串。

5.Softwareapplicationslikewordprocessing,electronicspreadsheets,databasemanagementprograms,paintinganddrawingprograms,desktoppublishing,andsoforthbecamecommerciallyavailable,givingmorepeoplereasonstouseacomputer.软件应用像文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理程序、画图程序及桌面印刷等等起到一定的商业效力，使更多的人去使用计算机。

第2章ComputerSystemOrganization

I.Pre-readingQuestions

1.Whatisacomputersystem?

Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.Thehardwareofthecomputerisusuallydividedintothreemajorpartsorthreeprimarysubsystems:

theCPU,thememorysubsystem,andtheI/Osubsystem.Thesoftwaresystemcanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:

applicationsoftwareandsystemsoftware..

2.Howmanylevelsofmemoryhierarchydoyouknow?

Nameatleastthreeofthem.

Thememoryhierarchysystemconsistsofthreelevels.Theyareacache,themainmemoryandtheauxiliarymemory.

3.Identifythetypesofdatatransfermodes.

Datatransferhasthreemodes:

programmedI/O,interrupts,anddirectmemoryaccess（DMA）.

IIFillinthefollowingblanks.

1.ThecomputerhardwareconsistsofthreemajorpartswhicharetheCPU,thememorysubsystem,andtheI/Osubsystem.

2.Therearetwomajortypesofmemory:

RandomAccessMemory（RAM）andReadOnlyMemory（ROM）.

3.ThecachememoryinpersonalcomputersisconstructedfromSRAM

4.input-outputinterface（I/Ointerface）providesamethodfortransferringinformationbetweeninternalstorageandexternalI/Odevices.

5.DatatransferbetweenthecentralcomputerandI/Odevicesmaybehandledinavarietyofmodes.ThesemodesareprogrammedI/O,interrupts,anddirectmemoryaccess（DMA）.

III　TrueorFalse.

1.F　　ThedatabusalwaysreceivesdatafromtheCPU,andtheCPUneverreadsthedatabus.

2.T　　MainmemoryholdswhateverprogramsanddataareavailableforimmediateusebytheCPU.

3.F　　DynamicRAMdoesnothavetoberefreshed.

4.F　　Dot-matrixprinterworkbysquirtingtinydropletsofliquidinkatthepaper.

5.F　　Theauxiliarymemoryisverysmall,relativelyexpensive,andhasveryhighaccessspeed.

IVMatchingterms.

1、E2PROManelectricallyerasablePROM

2、DMAAtransfermodethatcanbeimprovedisthetransferofdatabetweenmemoryandI/Odevices.

3、ALUTheunitwhichperformsmostarithmeticandlogicaloperations

4、RAMMemorythatiserasedwhenthecomputeristurnedoff.

V.TranslatingTerms.

1.systembuses系统总线

2.virtualmemory虚拟存储器

3.computerarchitecture计算机体系结构

4.instructionset指令集

5.directmemoryaccess直接存储器存取

VI.Choosethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.

Acomputersystem1ofhardwaresystemandsoftwaresystem.Thehardwareofthecomputerisusuallydividedintothreemajorpartsorthree2subsystems:

theCPU,thememorysubsystem,andtheI/O3.TheCPUismadeupofthreemajorparts,RegisterSet,the4logicunit,orALU,andControlUnit.Itperformsmanyoperationsandcontrolscomputer.Memoryisalsoknownas5memoryormainmemory,whichiscatalogedintotwomajortypesofmemory:

RandomAccessMemory（RAM）andReadOnlyMemory（ROM）.Itreferstothe6inthecomputerthatholdwhateverprogramsanddataareavailable7immediateusebytheCPU,alongwiththeprogram’sdata.Computersystemsincludespecialhardware8betweentheCPUandperipheralstosuperviseandsynchronizeallinputandoutputtransfers.Thesecomponentsarecalled9unitsbecausetheyinterfacebetweentheprocessorbusandtheperipheraldevice.TheI/OsubsystemallowstheCPUto10withinputandoutputdevices.

1.A.ConsistsB.makesupC.ConstitutesD.comprise

2.A.premierB.PrimaryC.preliminaryD.elementary

3.A.systemB.machineC.subsystemD.device

4.A.mathematicB.authorativeC.ArithmeticD.authoritative

5.A.externalB.exteriorC.InteriorD.internal

6.A.circuitsB.wiresC.linesD.hardware

7.A.byB.forC.withD.in

8.A.softwareB.settingC.listingD.components

9.A.singularB.dualC.interfaceD.compact

10.A.handleB.interactC.respondD.link

1.A2.B3.C4.C5.D

6.A7.B8.D9.C10.B

VIITranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

1.Byassertingtheseinternalandexternalcontrolsignalsinthepropersequence,thecontrolunitcausestheCPUandtherestofthecomputertoperformtheoperationneededtocorrectlyprocessinstructions.

为了保证内部和外部控制信号的序列正确，控制单元保证CPU和计算机的其他部件提供需要正确执行的指令操作。

2.Inacomputerwithvirtualmemory,less-usedpartsofprogramsareshiftedfromRAMtoaharddiskandaremovedbackonlywhenneeded.

在使用了虚拟存储器的计算机中，很少使用的程序从RAM被移到硬盘中，仅当需要时才被移回来。

3.Atechniqueusedtocompensateforthemismatchinoperatingspeedsistoemployanextremelyfast,smallcachebetweentheCPUandmainmemorywhoseaccesstimeisclosetoprocessorlogicclockcycletime.

为了弥补操作速度的不匹配，在CPU和主存之间采用非常快的小缓存，它的存取时间接近于处理器的逻辑时钟周期。

4.Thedatatransf