湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库及答案.docx

湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库及答案.docx

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湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库及答案

Chapter1（答案DDCACADBCA\FTFFTFFTTF）

1）Psychologyisbestdefinedasthescientificstudyof

A）themindandconsciousness.

B）thementalprocessesofindividuals.

C）mentaldisordersandabnormal（反常的）behavior.

D）thebehaviorofindividuals（个别的）andtheirmentalprocesses.

2）Thefirsttaskinpsychologyistomakeaccurateobservations（观察）aboutbehavior.Thismeansthatpsychologistsmustfirst________behavior.

A）predictB）explainC）controlD）describe

3）Whendrawingconclusions（结论）aboutbehavior,psychologistsrelyon

A）theirownpersonalbeliefs.B）whatisknownas"commonsense（常识）."

C）objectivelycollectedinformation.D）theireverydayobservationsofpeople.

4）Inordertoinvestigatebehavior,researchersmayusedifferentlevelsofanalysis.Whichofthefollowingresearchquestionsexemplifies（例子）thebroadest,mostgloballevelofanalysis?

A）Whataretheoriginsofprejudice?

B）Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?

C）Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?

D）Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?

5）In1908,HermannEbbinghaus（艾宾浩斯）wrotethat"Psychologyhasalongpast,butonlyashorthistory."Whichstatementbestcaptures（描述）theideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing（表达）?

A）Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.

B）Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethodsnecessarytoanswerthembeendeveloped.

C）Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbeguntorecordtheaccomplishments（造诣）oftheprofession.

D）Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleofsubstance（实质）hasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.

6）Whichstatementmostcloselycharacterizes（是……的特征）thecurrent（流行）viewofmostpsychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?

A

A）Psychologistsborrowandblendfrom（混合）differentperspectives（观点）.

B）Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.

C）Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereducedtopatternsofsimplebehavior.

D）Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeaskedandhowtheyshouldbestudied.

7）Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist's（强奸犯）behaviorintermsoftherapist'sdisplacedhostility（敌意）towardhismotherismostlikelytopreferthe__D______perspective.

A）cognitiveB）humanistic（人本主义）C）evolutionaryD）psychodynamic（精神动力）

8）PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB

A）illustrate解释theinnate天生的品质goodnessofhumans.

B）understandhowenvironmentalstimuli（刺激）controlbehavior.

C）validatetheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.

D）demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.

9）Ateacherwantstoseewhethersmilingatchildreniftheyraisetheirhandswhensheasksaquestionincreasesthelikelihood（可能性）thatchildrenwillvolunteeranswers.Fromthebehavioristperspective,theantecedentenvironmentalconditionis________andtheconsequenceis________.C

A）smiling;raisingofhandB）raisingofhand;smiling

C）askingaquestion;smilingD）raisingofhand;askingaquestion

10）ThehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportancetoA

A）thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.

B）breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.

C）howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividual'sbehavior.

D）thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'sactions.

IITrueorFalseFTFFTFFTTF

1）Psychologistsaretrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjective（主观的）pointofview,makingsuretoincludetheirownbiases（偏见）andexpectationsintheirobservations.

2）Withrespecttothegoalsofpsychology,descriptionsmuststicktoperceivable（可知觉的）information,whereas（但是）explanationsdeliberately（谨慎的）gobeyondwhatcanbeobserved.

3）Psychologistsbelievethatbehaviorshouldonlybestudiedinacontrolledresearchlaboratory.

4）In1879,B.F.Skinnerfoundedthefirstformallaboratorydevotedtoexperimentalpsychology.

5）InFreud's（弗洛伊德）view,humannatureisnotalwaysrational（理智的）,andbehaviormaybedrivenbymotives（动机）thatarenotinconsciousawareness.

6）Accordingtothehumanisticperspective,peoplearedrivenbypowerful,instinctive（本能）forces,manipulatedbytheirenvironments,andareincapableofmakingchoicesanddecisionsconcerningtheirlives.

7）Intheviewofpsychologistswhofollowthecognitiveperspective,behavioriscompletelydetermined（坚定的）byprecedingenvironmentaleventsandpastbehavioralconsequences.

8）Simplystated,theideabehindnaturalselectionisthatorganisms（有机体）thatarebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentstendtoproduceoffspring（后代）moresuccessfullythanthoseorganismswithpooreradaptations.

9）Brainimagingtechniques（脑成像技术）haveledtodramaticbreakthroughsinthefieldofcognitiveneuroscience（神经科学）.

10）Clinicalpsychologistsapplytheinsightsofresearchers,butarenottrainedtodoresearchthemselves.

Chapter2

1）Inwhatwaysaretheoriesandhypotheses（臆测）interrelated?

A）Hypothesesaremoreimportantthantheories.

B）Theoriesaremoreimportantthanhypotheses.

C）Whenahypothesisderivedfromatheoryisnotvalidated,thetheorymustbemodified.

D）Theoriesarenotoffundamentalimportanceingeneratingnewhypotheses,exceptwhenatheoryhasbeenproven.

Answer:

C

2）Whenpsychologicalresearchersarereadytoputtheirhypothesestothetest,theyrelyon

A）intuition.B）thescientificmethod.

C）commonsense.D）subjectivejudgments.

Answer:

B

3）Thereisajokeamongscientistsaboutaresearcherwhotellsothersthathebelongstoasecretscientificsociety,wherenoonebuttheresearcherwilleverknowaboutthestudiesmembersaredoing.Thisjokeishumorousbecauseitviolates（违反）theprinciple（原则）of

A）determinism.B）controlgroups.C）open-mindedness.D）publicverifiability.

Answer:

D

4）Aresearchassistantwhoisworkinginapsychologist'slaboratorylearnstheimportanceofkeepingcompleterecordsofobservationsanddataanalyses.Suchprocedures（程序）arefollowedinorderto

A）increaseobjectivity.（增大客观性）

B）increasesubjectivity.

C）increaseobserverbias.

D）preventotherresearchersfromreplicatingastudy.

Answer:

A

5）An"observerbias"is

A）an"educatedguess"aboutwhatwillhappen.

B）thedirectresultofthecontextofdiscovery.

C）thedirectresultofthecontextofjustification.

D）anerrorduetopersonalmotivesandexpectations.

Answer:

D

6）Ifaresearcherdefinesvariables（变量）orconditionsintermsofthespecific（明确的）proceduresusedtodeterminetheirpresence,heorsheisusinga（n）________definition.

A）biasedB）confoundedC）operationalD）hypothetical

Answer:

C

7）Aplaceboeffect（安慰剂效应）occurswhen

A）anexperimenterfindswhatheorsheexpectedtodiscover.

B）participantshavenotbeenrandomlyassignedtoexperimentalandcontrolconditions.

C）participantschangetheirbehaviorbecauseoftheirbeliefthatatreatmenthasaneffect.

D）bothparticipantsandexperimentalassistantsareunawareofwhichparticipantsgetwhichtreatment.

Answer:

C

8）Whenneitherresearchparticipantsnorresearchassistantsareawareofwhichparticipantsreceivewhichtreatment,researchershaveemployeda

A）placebocontrol.B）between-subjectsdesign.

C）single-blindcontroltechnique.D）double-blindcontroltechnique.（双盲控制技术）

Answer:

D

9）Whenplanningastudy,youdeterminethatoftheonehundredparticipants,fiftywillhavetoberandomly（随便的）assignedtotheexperimentalconditionandtheotherfiftytothecontrolcondition.Thetypeofexperimentaldesignyouareusingisknownasa________design.

A）placebocontrolB）single-subjectC）within-subjectsD）between-subjects

Answer:

D

10）Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjects（被试内设计）experimentaldesign?

A）Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.

B）Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.

C）Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.

D）Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.

Answer:

D

11）Aresearcherisinterestedintherelationshipbetweenbraindamageandtheabilityofhumanstoplantheirbehavior.Whichtypeofresearchdesignwouldbemostappropriate（合适的）fortheresearchertouse?

A）placebocontrolB）experimentalC）correlational（相关）D）within-subjects

Answer:

C

12）Imaginethatyourinstructorasksyoutodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweenmusicalabilityandmathematicalability.Thetypeofdesignbestsuitedtothistaskwouldbea（n）

A）experiment.B）casestudy.

C）correlationalstudy（相关研究）.D）naturalisticobservation.

Answer:

C

13）Withrespecttopsychologicalmeasurement,whendataareconsistentordependabletheyarereferredtoas________,whereastheterm________meansthattheinformationthatisproducedaccuratelymeasuresthevariableorqualitythatitisintendedtomeasure.

A）valid;reliableB）reliable（信度）;valid（效度）

C）consistent;reliableD）reliableorvalid;consistent

Answer:

B

14）Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjectsexperimentaldesign?

A）Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.

B）Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.

C）Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.

D）Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.

Answer:

D

15）Ateacheristryingtoseewhethersmilingatherstudentswillincreasethenumberofquestionstheyask.Inthefirstandthirdweekofthestudy,thenumberofquestionsstudentsaskisrecorded.In