最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案100.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案100.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案100

最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案100

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.

   Thefactthatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativethechangetodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet—butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyinvolved.

   Actually,thisisn'tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars.

   Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.

   Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation:

59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.

   Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.

   Whilethere'sreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,aperson'sagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbecomemainstream.Oncedriverlesscarsareactuallyavailableforsale,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem.

（1）Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyappears?

A.Itfartherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

B.Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.

C.Itoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.

D.Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.

（2）Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?

A.Itwillnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.

B.Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.

C.Itdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivide.

D.Itmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.

（3）Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?

A.Itaddstothesafetyoftheirtravel.

B.Itsavestheirenergy.

C.Itarousestheirinterestinlife.

D.Ithelpswiththeirmobility.

（4）Whatislikelytoaffectone'sattitudetowardthedriverlesscar?

A.Thelocationoftheirresidence.

B.Theamountoftrainingtheyreceived.

C.Thelengthoftheirdrivingexperience.

D.Thefieldoftheirspecialinterest.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars."可知，无人驾驶汽车尤其能为老年人带来真正的价值，老年人，特别是那些行动不便或独自驾驶困难的人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一，由此可知，无人驾驶汽车对一些老年人有吸引力是因为它有助于他们的行动，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas."可知，一个人居住的地方也会影响他对无人驾驶汽车的态度，住在城市和郊区的人比住在农村的人更愿意尝试无人驾驶汽车，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Itseemswe'realwaysbeingtoldtogetmoresleep.Studiessuggestspendinglesstimeonsleepcanleadtoobesity（肥胖）andevencancer.Youmightevenfindyourselfwithaheadfulloffalsememories.Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.

   InanAugust2018study,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,researchersresearchedthesleeppatternsofthose"fortunate"fewandfoundtheymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact,theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthriskcomparedtothosewhosleeptogetherlessthansevenhours.What'smore,sleep-aholics-thosewhomanagetoget10hoursanight-standa30percenthigherchanceofdyingcomparedtotheseven-hourcrowd.

   Thewide-rangingglobalstudyinvolved（涉及）morethanthreemillionpeoplewhoself-reportedontheirsleephabitsandcametoaneye-openingconclusion:

Ifyoutendtosleepalot,youmaywanttobuyanalarmclock.Aswithallthingsinlife,sleepisbesttakeninmoderation（适度）.

   Youmaybethinking:

WhatifIonlysleepinonSaturdayandSunday,amIstillatrisk?

Theanswerisyes,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinCurrentBiology. Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.

   Forthestudy,36participantsweredividedintothreegroupsthateachhadadifferentsleepschedule:

ninehourseverynight,fivehourseverynight,andfivehoursfromMondaytoFridayandsleepingmuchonweekends.Peoplewhogettoomuchsleeptendtofeeltiredandlackenergy.Also,bothsleep-deprived（睡眠不足的）groupsconsumemorefoodandgainweight.

（1）Whyistheharmfuleffectofsleepingtoomuchseldomstudied?

A. Fewpeoplehavetimetosleeptoomuch.     

B. Lackofsleepcausesmuchmoreharm.

C. Itturnsouttobeahealthysleeppattern.      

D. People'shealthhasnothingtodowithit.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"those'fortunate'few"inparagraph2referto?

A. Thoseleadingarelaxinglife.                          

B. Thosegettingtoomuchsleep.

C. Thosewithlesstimetosleep.                          D. Thosewithnosleepproblems.

（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthe2019study?

A. Sleepingmuchisparticularlybeneficialtohungrypeople.

B. Manypeoplesleepmoreonweekendsthanonweekdays.

C. Analarmclockofhighqualityisimportantforgoodsleep.

D. Peoplewhosleepmuchonlyonweekendsalsohavehealthrisk.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A. Itisnecessarytosaveenoughtimeforsleep.

B. Toomuchsleepcanresultingainingweight.

C. Sleepingtoomuchdoesharmtopeople'shealth.

D. Peoplecanavoidsleepingmuchbyeatinghealthily.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.“可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.”这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择；以及第二段中的“…theymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact，theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthrisk“他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。

事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险，可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmore thansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweight anddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthelevelofsugarinblood.“研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。

可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的”Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.“可知本文介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?

Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?

   Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

   ThefascinationwiththeICT（InformationandCommunicationTechnology）revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector（制造业）withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.

   Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforth