英语高考浙江卷阅读理解No one knows for sure答案.docx

英语高考浙江卷阅读理解No one knows for sure答案.docx

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英语高考浙江卷阅读理解Nooneknowsforsure答案

2013年英语高考浙江卷阅读理解Nooneknowsforsure答案

　　阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）

　　第一节：

阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

　　A

　　Nooneknowsforsurewhenadvertisingfirststarted.Itispossiblethatitgrewoutofthediscoverythatsomepeopledidcertainkindsofworkbetterthanothersdidthem.Thatledtotheconceptofspecialization,whichmeansthatpeoplewouldspecialize,orfocus,ondoingonespecificjob.

　　Let’stakeamanwe’llcallMr.Fielder,forexample.Hedideverythingconnectedwithfarming.Heplantedseeds,tendedthefields,andharvestedandsoldhiscrops.Atthesametime,hedidmanyotherjobsonthefarm.However,hedidn’tmakethebricksforhishouse,cuthistreesintoboards,maketheplows（犁）,oranyofotherhundredsofthingsafarmneeds.Instead,hegotthemfrompeoplewhospecializedindoingeachofthosethings.

　　SupposetherewasanothermanweshallcallMr.Plowright.Usingwhatheknewaboutfarmingandworkingwithiron,Mr.Plowrightinventedaplowthatmadefarmingeasier.Mr.Plowrightdidnotreallylikefarminghimselfandwantedtospecializeinmakingreallygoodplows.Perhaps,hethought,otherfarmerswilltradewhattheygrowforoneofmyplows.

　　HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?

Why,headvertised,ofcourse.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thatsignmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointingtotheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhisreallygoodplows.

　　Manyhistoriansbelievethatthefirstoutdoorsignswereusedaboutfivethousandyearsago.Evenbeforemostpeoplecouldread,theyunderstoodsuchsigns.Shopkeeperswouldcarveintostone,clay,orwoodsymbolsfortheproductstheyhadforsale.

　　Amedium,inadvertisingtalk,isthewayyoucommunicateyourmessage.Youmightsaythatthefirstmediumusedinadvertisingwassignswithsymbols.Thesecondmediumwasaudio,orsound,althoughthattermisnotusedexactlyinthewayweuseittoday.Originally,justthehumanvoiceandmaybesomekindofsimpleinstrument,suchasabell,wereusedtogetpeople’sattention.

　　Acrier,inthehistoricalsense,isnotsomeonewhoweepseasily.Itissomeone,probablyaman,withavoiceloudenoughtobeheardovertheothernoisesofacity.InancientEgypt,shopkeepersmighthiresuchapersontospreadthenewsabouttheirproducts.Oftenthisearliestformofadvertisinginvolvedanewlyarrivedshiploadedwithgoods.Perhapsthecrierdescribedthegoods,explainedwheretheycamefrom,andpraisedtheirquality.Hisjobwas,inotherwords,nottoodifferentfromaTVorradiocommercialintoday’sworld.（478words）

　　41.Whatprobablyledtothestartofadvertisement?

　　A.Thediscoveryofiron.B.Thespecializationoflabor.

　　C.Theappearanceofnewjobs.D.Thedevelopmentoffarmingtechniques.

　　42.Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright__________.

　　A.praisedhisplowsinpublicB.placedasignoutsidetheshop

　　C.hunganarrowpointingtotheshopD.showedhisproductstothecustomers

　　43.ThewritermakesupthetwostoriesofMr.FielderandMr.Plowrightinorderto__________.

　　A.explaintheoriginofadvertisingB.predictthefutureofadvertising

　　C.exposeproblemsinadvertisingD.providesuggestionsforadvertising

　　44.InancientEgypt,acrierwasprobablysomeonewho__________.

　　A.ownedaship

　　B.hadtheloudestvoice

　　C.ranashopsellinggoodstofarmers

　　D.functionedliketoday’sTVorradiocommercial

　　45.Thelasttwoparagraphsaremainlyabout__________.

　　A.thehistoryofadvertisingB.thebenefitsofadvertising

　　C.theearlyformsofadvertisingD.thebasicdesignofadvertising

　　B

　　Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

　　Ifbloodisred,whyareveins（静脉）blue?

　　Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear,yellowishcolor.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit’soutsidethebody,whenit’ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it’smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolor.Attherightdepth,theseblood-filledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

　　Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?

　　Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou’rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

　　Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon’ttheygrowbackingrown-ups?

　　Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong;theyfallouttomakebiggerroomforbigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfallourwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you’redone.Whenthey’regone,theyaregone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou’resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

　　Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

　　Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn’tbecausethey’reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectofgravity（重力）.Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3-4cminheightastheyage,whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold,wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere,like60cmtall,likealittleboyagain?

No,becauseoldpeopledon’treallyshrink!

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards—theirlegs,armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter,it’sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,becomemorebentandcurved.

　　Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩晕的）?

　　Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou’reseeingandwhatyou’refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou’respinningusingspecialgravity-and-motion-sensingorgansinyourinnerear,whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionbalancestable.Butwhenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol,andyourbrainthinksyou’removingwhileyou’renot.

　　Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

　　Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea—frommicetodogs,cats,andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear,painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother,newerbitsofthebrain,wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalonthisplanet.

　　Ifexercisewearsyouout,howcanitbegoodforyou?

　　Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned,it’s“useit,orloseit”!

It’snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy,it’smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.（596words）

　　46.Whatisthecolorofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

　　A.BlueB.LightyellowC.RedD.Darkreddishpurple

　　47.Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

　　A.Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.

　　B.Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

　　C.Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.

　　D.Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

　　48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?

　　A.Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

　　B.Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.

　　C.Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

　　D.Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

　　49.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

　　A.Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

　　B.Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

　　C.Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

　　D.Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

　　C

　　Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisborn,thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Duringthefirstfewdaysofitslifethebabywillapproachandholdontoalmostanylarge,warm,andsoftobjectinitsenvironment,particularlyifthatobjectalsogivesitmilk.Afteraweekorso,however,thebabymonkeybeginstoavoidnewcomersandfocusesitsattentionson“mother”—therealmotherorthemother-substitute（母亲替代物）.

　　Duringthefirsttwoweeksofitslifewarmthisperhapsthemostimportantpsychologicalthingthatamonkeymotherhastogivetoitsbaby.TheHarlows,acouplewhoarebothpsychologists,discoveredthisfactbyofferingbabymonkeysachoiceoftwotypesofmother-substitutes—onecoveredwithclothandonemadeofbarewire.Ifthetwoartificialmotherswereboththesametemperature,thelittlemonkeysalwayspreferredtheclothmother.However,ifthewiremodelwasheated,whiletheclothmodelwascool,forthefirsttwoweeksafterbirththebabymonkeyspickedthewarmwiremother-substitutesastheirfavorites.Thereaftertheyswitchedandspentmostoftheirtimeonthemorecomfortableclothmother.

　　Whyisclothpreferabletobarewire?

SomethingthattheHarlowscalledcontact（接触）comfortseemstobetheanswer,andamostpowerfulinfluenceitis.Babymonkeysspendmuchoftheirtimerubbingagainsttheirmothers’skins,puttingthemselvesinasclosecontactwiththeparentastheycan.Whenevertheyounganimalisfrightened,disturbed,orannoyed,ittypicallyrushestoitsmotherandrubsitselfagainstherbody.Wiredoesn’t“rub”aswellasdoessoft