学生版届高三英语语法要点冲刺篇动词及动词短语.docx
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学生版届高三英语语法要点冲刺篇动词及动词短语
以动词为词源的考察点
1.以break为中心
breakawayfrom脱离,逃离,背弃,与…脱离关系
breakdown出故障,崩溃,粉碎,瓦解
breakin闯进,打断
breakinto闯入;强行进入
breakout爆发,发生
breakoff打断,断绝,折断;突然终止
breakthrough突破;克服
breakup破碎;解散,分解;结束
2.以bring为中心
bringabout导
致,引起,促使
bringback带回,使回忆,使恢复
bringdown使下降,打垮,击落
bringforward提出;提前
bringin把……带进来;引进;挣得(收入)
bringon导致,引起,使发展,提出
bringout使显现;出版
bringup抚养,养育,培养
3.以call为中心
callat访问(某地);停泊在
callaway叫走;把(注意力)转移开
callfor需要,要求;接(某人),迎,预定,
callin召集,收集;下令收回
calloff取消,下令停止
callon要求,恭请;号召;拜访(某人)
callout下令罢工;召唤出动
callup打电话给……;召集;使想起
4.以carry为中心
carryaway冲走,带走;冲昏某人头脑
carryback拿回,运回;使想起
carryoff带走;获得;夺取…生命
carryon坚持,继续,进行
carryout贯彻,执行,实施
carrythrough坚持到底,进行到底;履行(承诺)
5.以come为中心
comea
bout发生,产生,实现
comeacross偶尔发现;偶然遇到
comeback回来;恢复,复原
comeoff(头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落,离开
comeon上演;开始;赶快;发展
comeout出来;发芽;出版;结果是;说出
comeover访问;突然感到
comeround/around苏醒;拜访;再次发生
cometoanend终止,结束
whenitcomesto…就……而论,谈到
cometolife苏醒
cometolight明朗化,出现,显露出来
cometooneself恢复常态
cometrue实现,成为现实
comeup走近;发生;发芽;(问题)被提出;
上升,升起
6.以cut为中心
cutaway切去,砍掉
cutdown砍倒,削减,缩短
cutoff切断,中断;阻碍,阻挡
cutout切下,剪下,裁下;删去
cutthrough开辟(出路等)
cutup切碎,切掉;使悲伤
7.以fall为中心
fallback撤退,后退
fallbehind落后,落伍,落在后面
falldown跌倒,失败
fallinlovewith…爱上……
fallinto陷
入;养成
falloff衰退,减少
fallover被……绊倒
8.以get为中心
getabout徘徊,走动;流传
getacross使被理解;通过
getalong前进,进步;离去,相处
getaround走动;传播
getaway离开,逃脱
getback取回,回来;报复
getdownto认真对待,静下心来,开始,着手
getoutof由……出来,从……得出;避免;放弃
getover越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成
getridof除去,去掉;免除,摆脱
getthrough拨通;到达;完成;通过;及格
getup起床,起立;忙于,从事
9.以give为中心
giveaway赠送;失去;泄露
giveback归还;使恢复
givein屈服,让步,投降
giveoff发出(烟、气味)
giveout分发;公布;发出;用完,耗尽
giveup放弃;停止
10.以go为中心
goabout开始做某事;忙于某事
goacross度过,越过
goafter追逐,追求,跟随
goagainst反对,不利于
goahead前进,进展,继续
goalongwith…陪伴,和……一道走
goaway离开,走掉
goby经过,过去
gofor支持,赞成;适用于,去(取、拿)
gooff走开;爆炸;响起;进行;变质
goon继续,接下去
goout出去;熄灭;送出;播出
goover温习,检查
goround拜访;参观
gothrough审查,履行;通过;经历,忍受
gotoofar走得太远,做/说得太过火
goup上升,上涨;攀登
gowithout没有……也行
11.以hold为中心
holdback隐瞒;阻止;克制
holddown压制;压低
holdon坚持;等一等,别挂断
holdonto抓住不放;不卖
holdout伸出;提供机会
holdup举起,竖起;支持住;延误,使耽搁
12.以keep为中心
keepaway(from)不接近,避开,远离
keepback阻止,扣留,隐瞒
keepinmind记住
keepoff不接近,远离;避免吃(或喝、吸)某物
keepout使……不入内;不卷入
keeppacewith…跟上,同……步调一致
keepto坚持;固守,遵守
keepup继续;(天气)持续不变;保持,维持
keepupwith…赶上,跟上,与……并肩前进
13.以lay为中心
layaside把……放在一边;留存备用
laydown放下;规定
layoff(暂时)解雇;停止
layout铺开,展开
14.以leave为中心
leavebehind留下,忘记携带;超过;永久离开
leaveout省去,遗漏,不把……计算在内
leaveoff停止;中断
leaveover留下,剩下
leavealone不干涉,不打扰
15.以look为中心
lookabout四下环顾;查看
lookafter照顾,看管
lookaround东张西望
lookback回顾,回头看
lookbackon/upon回顾
lookfor寻找;期待,期望
lookdownon/upon俯视;轻视
lookforwardto盼望,期待
lookinto窥视;调查;浏览
lookon/upon…as…把……看作
lookout向外看;注意;当心,提防
lookoutfor当心,寻找,搜寻
lookthrough透过……看去;看穿;浏览
lookup查阅;仰视
lookupto仰慕,尊敬
16.以pick为中心
pickoff去除;选择(目标)射击
pickout精心挑出,辨别出
pickup接(某人),搭载;捡起;学会;(偶然)得到
17.以pull为中心
pullapart拉开,分开
pullaway开动
pulldown拉下,拉倒;拆毁;使(价格)下降;
使扫兴
pullin(车船)抵达
pulloff短暂停车;获得成功
pullout驶出,离开
pullthrough克服困难;恢复
pullup停止;训斥
18.以put为中心
putaside把……放在一边;搁置;积蓄,攒钱
putaway把……放好,把……收拾;储藏
putback把……放回原处
putdown放下;镇压;记下
putanendto结束,终止,废除
putforward提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡
putin安装;添上;打断
putoff推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下
puton上演;穿上;增加;开动
putone'sheartinto全神贯注,专心致志
putout熄灭,伸出,拿出
putthrough完成;(电话用语)拨通;使穿过
putup举起,挂起;提名,推荐;安排住宿
putupwith忍受,容忍
19.以send为中心
sendaway解雇;赶走,把……送往远处
sendfor派人去叫(请、拿)
sendoff发出,寄出;邮购,函购
sendout发出,散发;派遣
sendup发射;使上升;取笑;判…入狱
20.以set为中心
setabout(doing)着手,开始
setanexampletosb.给某人树立榜样
setaside留出;放在一边;暂不考虑
setback使推迟;使花费
setdown放下,卸下;登记,记载
setfree释放(某人)
setoff出发;使爆炸;引起
setout出发;发表;着手做某事
setup建立,设立,开办;引发,产生
21.以take为中心
takeafter仿效,与……相似
takeaway拿走,减去;消除
takeback收回,取消
takecareof当心,注意;照顾;提防;谨慎
takechargeof负责,主管
takedown取下;记下;拆毁
takein留宿;欺骗;吸收;理解
take…intoaccount/consideration考虑,重视
takeoff脱去,除去;起飞,起程
takeon呈现;雇佣;承担,担任
takeone'splace代替
takeout拿出,取出;去除
takeover接管,接任;占上风
takepartin参与,参加
takeplace发生;举行
takepridein以……为荣,对……感到骄傲
22.以think为中心
thinkabout考虑
thinkhighly/well/much/alotof对……评价很高
thinklittle/ill/nothingof轻视,看不起
thinkof…as…把……看作
thinkout仔细考虑,想通
thinkthrough想通;充分考虑
thinkup想出;发明
23.以throw为中心
throwat 把……投向
throwaway丢弃,浪费;错失(机会)
throwoneselfinto投身于,积极从事
throwout逐出;否决;散发
throwup呕吐;使显眼;匆匆建造
24.以turn为中心
turnaway把……打发走,转脸不理睬
turndown调小;驳回,拒绝
turnoff关上;拐弯;使厌烦
turnon打开;依靠,取决于;突然攻击
turnout出席;证明是;向外;出现
turnover翻转;转动
turn(a)round旋转,转过身来
turnin上交
turnto转向,求助于
turnupsidedown颠倒过来,翻过来
以介词为中心的动词短语
1.away构成的短语动词有:
throwaway扔掉
putaway把……收拾好;
giveaway捐赠,分发;
carryaway运走;
runaway潜逃;跑开;
goaway走开
2.for构成的短语动词有:
answerfor负责;
providefor供养;
callfor要求;
planfor打算,为……计划;
hopefor希望,期待;
askfor索取,寻找;
sendfor派人去请;
gofor努力获取;
payfor偿还,赔偿;
waitfor等待;
lookfor寻找
3.on构成的短语动词有:
tryon试穿,试验;
puton穿上,上演;
haveon穿着,戴着;
pullon穿,戴;用力拉
holdon不挂断,坚持,继续;
carryon继续开展,坚持;
keepon继续;
goon继续;
geton上(车);
comeon赶快,加油
4.over构成的短语动词有:
comeover过来;
handover移交;
goover仔细检查,复习;
getover克复,恢复;
lookover检查;
thinkover仔细考虑;
takeover接受,接管;
turnover翻转
5.up构成的短语动词有:
bringup抚育,培养;
callup召唤,打电话给;
comeup走进,上来;
cutup切碎;
fixup修理;
giveup放弃;
goup上升,增长;
growup长大;
lookup尊敬,向上看,查寻;
makeup虚构,弥补,组成;
putup举起,搭建;
pickup捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;
setup建立,创(纪录);
sendup发射;
showup揭露,露面;
turnup出现,把……调高一点;
takeup占据,开始从事等等。
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
comeout出来;
goout出去,熄灭;
lookout留神,当心;
walkout走出;
setout出发,开始;
putout扑灭,生产;
giveout发出,发表;
handout分发;
pickout挑选;
findout找出,发现;
speakout大声地说;
turnout生产,打扫;
getout出去,离开;
workout计算出,解决,实行,行得通;
carryout实现,执行;
bringout出版;
startout出发,动身等等。
课堂练习
【A组真题再现】
1.(14)Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare_____bymajorcompanies.
A.chasedB.registeredC.offeredD.compensated
2.(14)LegendhasitthattheoriginaloftheDragonBoatFestivalisto_____thesoulofQuYuan.
A.rememberB.remindC.recoverD.recall
3.(14)--Dad,Idon'tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.
--Isee.I’llgorightawayand_____.
payhimbackB.payhimoff
C.puthimawayD.puthimoff
4.(13)--Thetownissobeautiful!
Ijustloveit.
--Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell______.
A.qualifiedB.preservedC.decoratedD,simplified
5.(13)Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers_____theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.
A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover
6.(12)–OK,I’vehadenoughofit.Igiveup.
--Youcan’t_____yourresponsibilities
A.runoffwithB.runupagainstC.runoutofD.runawayfrom
7.(11)–Youlookupset.What’sthematter?
--Ihadmyproposal___again.
A.turnedoverB.turnedonC.turnedoffD.turneddown
8.(11)–Areyoustillmadather?
--Notreally,butIcan’t_____thatherremarkshurtme.
A.denyB.refuseC.rejectDdecline
9.(10)Thousandsofforeignerswere___totheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.
A.attendedB.attainedC.attractedD.attached
10.(10)Theexperimenthas___thepossibilityoftheexistenceofanylifeonthatplanet,butitdoesnotmeanthereisnolifeonotherplanet.
A.foundoutB.pointedoutD.ruledoutD.carriedout
【B组:
基础过关】
1、Thecardriverwas________withexceedingthespeedinglimit.
A.blamed B.sentenced C.charged D.accused
2、I'mterriblysorrytoturnyoudownthistime,butIpromiseIwill________toyounexttime.
A.turnitup B.makeitup C.pickitup D.setitup
3、—Youlooktroubled.
—ThedirectoraskedmetofinishthistaskbySunday.HowcanI________to?
A.attempt B.manage C.decide D.happen
4、Facedwiththeeconomicslowdown,wehavedecidedto________governmentspending.
A.takeoutof B.getawaywith C.breakawayfrom D.cutdownon
5、LittleTom,youhaveto________yourmannersatyouruncle'sorIwon'ttakeyouthere.
A.watch B.mind C.care D.notice
6、Takecareduringtheholidays!
Drinkingtoomuchcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.
A.contributeto B.relateto C.attendto D.devoteto
7、Hisfatherisalaidoffworkerwithatotalincomeofaround300yuanpermonth,which________onlythebasicneedsofhisfamily.
A.offers B.supports C.affords D.covers
8、Alltheeffortsfinally________in2009,whentheband'sfirstalbumwonlotsofawards.
A.tookoff B.turnedoff C.setoff D.paidoff
9、Please________dictionarieswhenyouarenotsureofwordspellingormeaning.
A.seek B.inquire C.search D.consult
10、Tonyisahardworkingman.Healwaysgetsupbeforetheday________.
A.falls B.covers C.arrives D.breaks
【C组:
能力突破】
1.Ifourcarhadnot________,wewouldhavebeenhereontime.
A.brokenoutB.brokenintoC