英语六级真题附答案第三套.docx

英语六级真题附答案第三套.docx

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英语六级真题附答案第三套

2021年06月英语六级真题附答案（第三套）

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　　2021年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）

　　PartIWriting（30minutes）

　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark"Asmileistheshortestdistancebetweentwopeople."Youcanciteexamplesto.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

　　______________________________

　　注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上

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　　PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　NormanBorlaug:

'FatheroftheGreenRevolution'

　　FewpeoplehavequietlychangedtheworldforthebettermorethanthisruralladfromthemidwesternstateofIowaintheUnitedStates.ThemaninfocusisNormanBorlaug,theFatherofthe'GreenRevolution',whodiedonSeptember12,2021atage95.NormanBorlaugspentmostofhis60workingyearsinthefarmlandsofMexico,SouthAsiaandlaterinAfrica,fightingworldhunger,andsavingbysomeestimatesuptoabillionlivesintheprocess.Anachievement,fitforaNobelPeacePrize.

　　EarlyYears

　　"I'maproductofthegreatdepression"ishowBorlaugdescribedhimself.Agreat-grandsonofNorwegianimmigrantstotheUnitedStates,Borlaugwasbornin1914andgrewuponasmallfarminthenortheasterncornerofIowainatowncalledCresco.Hisfamilyhada40-hectare（公顷）farmonwhichtheygrewwheat,maize（玉米）andhayandraisedpigsandcattle.Normanspentmostofhistimefromage7-17onthefarm,evenasheattendedaone-room,one-teacherschoolatNewOregoninHowardCounty.

　　Borlaugdidn'thavemoneytogotocollege.ButthroughaGreatDepressioneraprogramme,knownastheNationalYouthAdministration,BorlaugwasabletoenrollintheUniversityofMinnesotaatMinneapolistostudyforestry.HeexcelledinstudiesandreceivedhisPh.D.inplantpathology（病理学）andgeneticsin1942.From1942to1944,BorlaugwasemployedasamicrobiologistatDuPontinWilmington.However,followingtheDecember7,1941attackonPearlHarbor,Borlaugtriedtojointhemilitary,butwasrejectedunderwartime

　　InMexico

　　In1944,manyexpertswarnedofmassstarvationindevelopingnationswherepopulationswereexpandingfasterthancropproduction.BorlaugbeganworkataRockefellerFoundation-fundedprojectinMexicotoincreasewheatproductionbydevelopinghigher-yieldingvarietiesofthecrop.Itinvolvedresearchingenetics,plantbreeding,plantpathology,entomology（昆虫学）,agronomy（农艺学）,soilscience,andcerealtechnology.ThegoaloftheprojectwastoboostwheatproductioninMexico,whichatthetimewasimportingalargeportionofitsgrain.

　　BorlaugsaidthathisfirstcoupleofyearsinMexicoweredifficult.Helackedtrainedscientistsandequipment.Nativefarmerswerehostiletowardsthewheatprogrammebecauseofseriouscroplossesfrom1939to1941duetostemrust.

　　WheatvarietiesthatBorlaugworkedwithhadtall,thinstalks.Whiletallerwheatcompetedbetterforsunlight,theyhadatendencytocollapseundertheweightofextragrain-atraitcalledlodging.Toovercomethis,Borlaugworkedonbreedingwheatwithshorterandstrongerstalks,whichcouldholdonlargerseedheads.Borlaug'snewsemi-dwarf,disease-resistantvarieties,calledPitic62andPenjamo62,changedthepotentialyieldofMexicanwheatdramatically.By1963wheatproductioninMexicostoodsixtimesmorethanthatof1944.

　　GreenRevolutioninIndia

　　Duringthe1960s,SouthAsiaexperiencedseveredroughtconditionandIndiahadbeenimportingwheatonalargescalefromtheUnitedStates.BorlaugcametoIndiain1963alongwithDr.RobertAndersontoduplicatehisMexicansuccessinthesub-continent.Theexperimentsbeganwithplantingafewofthehigh-yieldingvarietystrainsinthefieldsoftheIndianAgriculturalResearchInstituteatPusainNewDelhi,underthesupervisionofDr.M.S.Swaminathan.ThesestrainsweresubsequentlyplantedintestplotsatLudhiana,Pantnagar,Kanpur,PuneandIndore.Theresultswerepromising,butlarge-scalesuccess,however,wasnotinstant.CulturaloppositiontonewagriculturaltechniquesinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromgoingaheadwithplantingofnewwheatstrainsinIndia.By1965,whenthedroughtsituationturnedalarming,theGovernmenttooktheleadandallowedwheatrevolutiontomoveforward.ByemployingagriculturaltechniqueshedevelopedinMexico,BorlaugwasabletonearlydoubleSouthAsianwheatharvestsbetween1965and1970.

　　IndiasubsequentlymadeahugecommitmenttoMexicanwheat,importingsome18000tonnesofseed.By1968,itwasclearthattheIndianwheatharvestwasnothingshortofrevolutionary.Itwassoproductivethattherewasashortageoflabourtoharvestit,ofbullcartstohaulittothethreshingfloor（打谷场）,ofjute（麻黄）bagstostoreit.Localgovernmentsinsomeareaswereforcedtoshutdownschoolstemporarilytousethemasstorehouses.

　　UnitedNation'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）observedthatin40yearsbetween1961and2001,"Indiamorethandoubleditspopulation,from452milliontomorethan1billion.Atthesametime,itnearlytripleditsgrainproductionfrom87milliontonnesto231milliontonnes.Itaccomplishedthisfeatwhileincreasingcultivatedgrainacreage（土地面积）amere8percent."

　　ItwasinIndiathatNormanBorlaug'sworkwasdescribedasthe'GreenRevolution.'

　　InAfrica

　　Africasufferedwidespreadhungerandstarvationthroughthe70sand80s.Foodandaidpouredinfrommostdevelopedcountriesintothecontinent,butthankstotheabsenceofefficientdistributionsystem,thehungryremainedempty-stomach.ThethenChairmanoftheNipponFoundation,RyoichiSasakawawonderedwhythemethodsusedinMexicoandIndiawerenotextendedtoAfrica.HecalledupNormanBorlaug.nowleadingasemi-retiredlife,forhelp.HemanagedtoconvinceBorlaugtohelpwithhisneweffortandsubsequentlyfoundedtheSasakawaAfricaAssociation.Borlauglaterrecalled,"butafterIsawtheterriblecircumstancesthere,Isaid,'Let'sjuststartgrowing'".

　　ThesuccessinAfricawasnotasspectacularasitwasinIndiaorMexico.ThoseelementsthatallowedBorlaug'sprojectstosucceed,suchaswell-organizedeconomiesandtransportationandirrigationsystems,wereseverelylackingthroughoutAfrica.Becauseofthis,Borlaug'sinitialprojectswererestrictedtodevelopedregionsofthecontinent.Nevertheless,yieldsofmaize,sorghum（高粱）andwheatdoubledbetween1983and1985.

　　NobelPrize

　　Forhiscontributionstotheworldfoodsupply,BorlaugwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1970.NorwegianofficialsnotifiedhiswifeinMexicoCityat4:

00a.m.,butBorlaughadalreadyleftforthetestfieldsintheTolucavalley,about65kmwestofMexicoCity.Achauffeur（司机）tookhertothefieldstoinformherhusband.Inhisacceptancespeech,Borlaugsaid,"thefirstessentialcomponentofsocialjusticeisadequatefoodforallmankind.Foodisthemoralrightofallwhoarebornintothisworld.Yet,50percentoftheworldpopulationgoeshungry."

　　GreenRevolutionvsEnvironmentalists

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1.NormanBorlaugwonaNobelPrizefor_______.

　　A）hisremarkableachievementsinplantgenetics

　　B）hisspectacularcontributiontosafeguardingworldpeace

　　C）hisgreatsuccessinraisingAfrica'sfoodproduction

　　D）hisenduringeffortsincombatingworldhunger

　　2.HowdidBorlaug'swheatprogrammegoduringhisfirstcoupleofyearsinMexico?

　　A）Itmetwithresistance.

　　B）Itwaswellreceived.

　　C）Itachievedunexpectedprogress.

　　D）Itsucceededthoughwithdifficulty.

　　3.WhatcharacterisedBorlaug'sPitic62andPenjamo62?

　　A）Superiorabilitytobreednewhigh-yieldingvarieties.

　　B）Shortandstrongstemsandresistancetodiseases.

　　C）Tallandthinstemsandextremelylargeseedheads.

　　D）Tendencytocollapseunderthe;weightofextragrain.

　　4.WhatinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromachievinglarge-scalesuccessinIndia?

　　A）Farmers'rejectionofhisplantingtechniques.

　　B）Thepersistentdroughtthroughoutthecountry.

　　C）Difficultyinimportinghigh-yieldingwheatseeds.

　　D）Thelocalgovernment'sslownessintakingaction.

　　5.AccordingtoUnitedNation'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization,in40yearsbetween1961and2001India'sgrainproduction________.

　　A）almostdoubled

　　B）wentupby8percent

　　C）increasednearlythreetimes

　　D）rosefrom452millionto1billiontonnes

　　6.Borlaug'ssuccessinAfricawasnotasspectacularasinIndiaorMexicobecause________.

　　A）thelocalfarmerswereuneducatedandconservative

　　B）Africa'sclimateconditionswereverydifferent

　　C）hisprojectinAfricawasnotproperlymanaged

　　D）Africalackcdthenecessarysupportingfacilities

　　7.WhatdidBorlaugemphasiseinhisNobelPrizeacceptancespccch?

　　A）Abundanceoffoodsupplywillcontributetoworldpeaceandstability.

　　B）TheGreenRevolutionwillprovideadequatefoodforallmankind.

　　C）Adequatefoodforallmankindisessentialinensuringsocialjustice.

　　D）WithouttheGreenRevolutionhalfoftheworldpopulationwouldstarve.

　　8.InrecentyearsBorlaug'sGreenRevolutionhas__________.

　　9.InbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesthereareconcernswhetherinthelongrunBorlaug'sfarmingpracticeswillbe________.

　　10.InIndia,criticsattributethedestructionofIndiancropdiversityto_______.

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　　PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）