学年外研版八年级下册英语精讲讲义期末总复习含答案.docx
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学年外研版八年级下册英语精讲讲义期末总复习含答案
2018-2019学年外研版八年级下册英语精讲讲义
期末总复习
1.takeup
占据(空间/时间)
Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.
Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.
从事Hetookupartatschool.他在学校教美术。
2.findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下
3.abitof+不可数名词=alittleofabitoffood/orangejuice…
abitofamess有点乱
abit+形容词/副词=alittleabittired/hungry…
区别:
notabit:
一点也不notalittle:
很/非常
4.must一定(表推测)Itmustbereallyvaluable.他一定很值钱。
5.as+(形容词/副词)原级+as:
像……一样…Heisastallashisbrother.
否定:
notso…as…不如…..Tomisnotastallashisbrother.
6.inone’slife在(某人)一生中
7.makesb./sth.+动词原形:
使某人/某物做某事
Don’tmakemelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.
类似:
letsb./sth.+动词原形:
让某人/某物做某事
8.growasaperson长大成人
9.some…others…一些……另外一些……
10.developone’sinterest培养某人的兴趣
11.aswellas=besides除了…..之外,还包括….
AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。
12.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事
13.comeout出版;外出;
14.asaresult结果asaresultof….由于…….=becauseof……
Hedidn’tworkhard,asaresult,hedidn’tpasstheexam.
15.beinterestedin+名词/动词-ing:
对……感兴趣
Iamveryinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?
16.sb.spend+时间+doingsth.某人花费多少时间做某事。
=Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.
Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.
=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.
M7
1.preparefor…为…..做准备=getreadyfor
2.makealistof…列……的清单
3.get…ready把……准备好
4.Itsoundscrazy.这听起来很荒唐。
5.Idon’tknowwhattotake.(简单句=Idon’tknowwhatIshouldtake.(复合句)
6.attheendof在…..的尽头/结尾
7.Is200dollarsenough?
(金钱、时间、距离做主语时,视作单数)
50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistance.
8.hadbetter+动词原形:
最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.
否定:
hadbetternot+动词原形:
最好不要做某事:
You’dbetternotgooutnow.
9.bytheway顺便说一下gocrazy变疯inagroupof20二十人一组
10.
offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物
Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.
offertodosth.自愿去做某事
Theyofferedtohelpme.
11.learnabout了解atthesametime同时
bewelltrained受过良好培训dependon依赖;取决于
14.providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.
15.settests安排考试formclosefriendshipswith…与…..结成亲密的友谊
stayintouchwith…和……保持联系taketripsto…到……去旅行
atleast至少fillout填写
M8
1.重要语法:
宾语从句:
在复合句中充当宾语的句子。
本模块重点:
由that引导的宾语从句,that无义,可省,后接陈述句作宾语。
宾语从句复合句=主句+引导词+宾语从句。
Icanhardlybelieve(that)we’reinthecitycentre.
Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.
Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.
Linglingdoesn’tthinktheparkwillbebusy.
主句和从句的时态关系:
主句:
一般现在时从句:
需根据实际情况用不同时态
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.(从句为一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.(从句为一般将来时)Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.(从句为一般过去时)
Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(从句为现在完成时)
主句:
一般过去时从句:
一般过去时/过去时的某种时态
Hesaid (that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.(从句用一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. (从句用过去将来时)
Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years.(从句用过去完成时)
特殊情况:
从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时,不管主句为何种时态,从句总是用一般现在时。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快)
Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.(客观事实)
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.(客观事实)
Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.(客观真理)
注意:
当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。
I don't think he is going to help you with your English.
Wedon’tbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.
2.hardly几乎不=almostnot
Hecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?
(前否后肯)
3.so…that…如此……以至于……
Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.
=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.
=Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.
sothat…以便;为了=inorderthar
Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.
4.hearsb./sth.+动词原形:
听见某人/某物(经常/过去)做…….
hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:
听见某人/某物正在做…….
Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.
Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.
Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.
5.befamousfor因……而著名
befamousas+职业/身份:
作为……而出名
Thisparkisfamousforitslake.
Luxunisfamousasawriter.
6.allowdoingsth.允许做某事Theydon'tallowsmokinghere
allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.
allow+that从句:
Heallowedthattheywereright. 他承认他们是对的
7.It’sbetter(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)最好去做某事。
It’sbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.
8.pointout指出pointat/to…指着(近物/远物)
9.atthetopof在……的顶部moveabout四处走动
10.promisetodosth.答应做某事Hepromisedtohelpus.
promisenottodosth.保证不做某事Tonypromisednottotalkinclass.
promise+that从句:
Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.
11.haveawonderfultime玩得开心magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里
byasmalllake在小湖边wakesb.up唤醒某人
12.withoutdoing…没有做…..Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.
13.Itisapitythat+从句。
真遗憾…..It’sapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.
14.walkdownthepath顺路而下
15.putleavesoffplants从植物扯下叶子
16.thesecondlargest第二大….(the+序数词+最高级:
第几最…..)
17.fallasleep入睡
M9
基本结构:
主句+if/whether+宾语从句(用陈述语序)
1.重要语法:
if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句,if/whether意为“是否”,用在将直接引语(说话人说得话)为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语(转述他人的话)的复合句中做引导词,转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句,即陈述语序。
(直接引语)“Areyouateacher?
”heasks.
(间接引语)Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.
(直接引语)“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
”theteacheraskedhim.
(间接引语)Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.
间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句
Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.
Idon’tknowwhetherheisathomeornot.
注:
if和whether一般情况下可以互换使用,但如下情况,不能用if,只能用whether:
在动词不定式之前只能用whether
Idon'tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse(拒绝).
在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。
Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.
在介词后,只能用whether。
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
Whetheritistrueornot,Ican'ttell.
用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。
如用whether可避免歧义。
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句(what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany…)
基本结构:
主句+特殊疑问词+宾语从句(用陈述语序)
直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时,用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词,但后面需改为陈述句,即陈述语序。
(直引)“What’syourname?
”Mr.Liasksme.
(间引)Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.
(直引)“Whydidheaskforhelp?
”heasked.
(间引)Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.
间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Wheredoeshecomefrom?
Idon’tknow.(合并句子)
Idon’tknowwherehecomesfrom.(合并后,原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句,故要改为陈述句,因为它不再是问句了)
HowcanIgetthere?
Canyoutellme?
(合并句子)
CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?
(解析同上)
注:
if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句,主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样,需注意主从句时态的变化。
2.mentionsth.tosb.向某人提及某事
3.takeamessage(forsb.):
(为某人)捎口信
4.打电话用语:
Who’scalling?
=Who’sthatspeaking?
你是哪位?
Isthat…(speaking)?
你是……吗?
Thisis…speaking.我是……
Could/MayIspeakto…?
我可以和…..说话吗?
5.haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之间出了问题
6.getseparated分开
7.explainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.
explain+疑问词+不定式:
Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?
explain+宾语从句:
Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?
8.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事Herefusedtohelpme.
9.feel/besureof….对……有把握
10.regrettodosth.遗憾地(要)做某事(还未做)regret---regretted--regretted
Iregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔几天前责备过他。
regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已经做过了)
Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.
我遗憾地告诉你:
你被开除了。
11.bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心
12.introduceAtoB:
把A介绍给B(认识)
13.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事
Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.
14.haveahardtime过的艰难;遇到麻烦
15.从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义:
what所…的where…的地方when…的时间
Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.我相信世界就是你所想的那样!
ThisiswhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的地方。
16.theearlyautumn初秋
17.everytime每次;每当
18.insilence=silently安静地Allthestudentsarestudyinghardinsilence.
19.turnback转身20.withoutaword没有说一句话
21.hiddentreasure隐藏的宝藏22.daybyday一天天地
23.circleoffriends朋友圈24.withabrightsmile带着灿烂的微笑
25.stick—stuck—stuckstick…to...把…粘到…上sticktogether粘在一起
26.Smileattheworldanditwillsmileback.对世界微笑;世界就会对你报以微笑。
M10
1.ontheradio广播中
2.show/takesb.around…带某人参观…Letmeshowyouaroundourschool.
3.comethisway这边走4.beon(电影)上映;(电器)开着
5.onair在广播
6.avoiddoingsth.避免做某事Youmustavoidmakingthesamemistakenexttime.
7.inthebackground在幕后;在后面8.Keepdoingsth.不断做某事
9.awfulnews坏消息
10.Andthat’stheendofthesixo’clocknews.六点钟新闻广播完毕。
11.seem+形容词:
Mymomseemsveryhappytoday!
(做系动词)
seem+不定式:
Mymomseemstobeveryhappytoday!
Heseemstohaveknowntheansweralready.
Itseemsthat+从句:
似乎….Itseemsthatitwillrainverysoon.
12.inperson=byoneself亲自;本人13.lookdownat…低头看…
14.Shouldn’tyouatschool?
你不用上学吗?
(否定一般疑问句/反问句,表惊讶)
15.not…but…不是……而是….Heisnotmybrotherbutmyfather.
16.mightbelistening可能在17.doresearch做研究
18.lookoutof往……外看19.doasoundcheck做声音测试
20.Thiswashowmyfirstrealjobinradiobegan.(表语从句)
我第一次在广播电台工作就这样开始的。
21.Englishwritingcompetition英语写作比赛
22.surprised惊讶的(修饰“人”)
surprising令人惊讶的(修饰“物”)
Iwasquitesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.
短语:
besurprisedtodosth.做某事感到惊讶
besurprisedatsth.对某事感到惊讶
toone’ssurprise令某人吃惊的是Tomysurprise,Ipassedtheexam.
23.welldone干得好24.closedown关闭
综合试卷二
第一部分听力
Ⅰ.听下面5个句子。
每个句子后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出适当的图片,并把选项标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每个句子后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每个句子仅读一遍。
1.A.Yes,I’dloveto.B.No,Idon’t.C.No,Ihaven’t.
2.A.That’sallright.B.Thankyou.C.I’msorrytohearthat.
3.A.Gotothebeach.B.OnSunday.C.Igotoschoolbybike.
4.A.Mywatchwasbroken.B.Iwanttobuyawatch.C.Let’sgototheparktogether.
5.A.I’m13yearsold.B.Yes,mynameisBill.C.Yes,I’myouroldfriend.
Ⅱ.听下面5个小对话。
每个对话后