密码学课程设计AES RSA SHA1加解密.docx
《密码学课程设计AES RSA SHA1加解密.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《密码学课程设计AES RSA SHA1加解密.docx（40页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
密码学课程设计AESRSASHA1加解密
密码学基础
课程设计
主题:
AESRSASHA1加解密
学院:
班级:
学号:
姓名:
日期:
2012/12/30
成绩:
概述
大作业目的
1）掌握《密码学基础》课程的主要知识点
2）掌握常用的密码学算法机理与实现
大作业内容
对称加密算法（AES）、非对称密码算法（RSA）、散列算法（SHA1）
1.对称加密算法AES
算法基本原理
AES算法的主要数学基础是抽象代数，其中算法中的许多运算是按单字节（8bits）和4字节（32bits）定义的，单字节可看成有限域GF（28）中的一个元素，而4字节则可以看成系数在GF（28）中并且次数小于4的多项式（亦可以理解为：
GF（2564）），单字节上的运算有两种：
有限域GF（28）上一个8次不可约多项式的模加、点乘（为方便代码实现，推出了X乘的概念），其中，这个不可约多项式为：
m（x）=x8+x4+x3+x+1，类似地，4字节运算也分为两种：
模加、乘法（为方便代码实现，推出了模乘的概念），而此时使用的模取M（x）=x4+1，由于x4+1=（x2+1）（x2+1）=（x+1）（x+1）（x+1）（x+1），即非不可约，导致非0多项式乘法逆元（逆元求取主要用到了欧几里德（Euclid）算法）不一定存在，所以在AES算法中，只限于乘一个固定的有逆元的多项式：
a（x）={03}x3+{01}x2+{01}x+{02}。
图中左边是加密流程，右边是解密流程，其中，Plaintext为明文，Ciphertext为密文，密钥长度可变，可指定为128、192、256比特，不同密钥长度决定了加解密算法的轮数（128位：
10轮，192位：
12轮，256位：
14轮），算法征集之初，6轮迭代便可抵抗当时世界上已知的所有攻击，AES标准中至少留了4轮余量，按照这种说法，可以推知轮数越多，AES破解难度越大，也就是密钥越长越安全，所以今年8月份有人说256bits密钥长度的AES算法被破解，而128bits未被破解是没有根据的。
理解AES需要知道以下两个概念：
状态：
算法中间的结果也需要分组，称之为状态，状态可以用以字节为元素的矩阵阵列表示，该阵列有4行，列数Nb为分组长度除32；
种子密钥：
以字节为元素的矩阵阵列描述，阵列为4行，列数Nk为密钥长度除32，其中根据种子密钥，可以推导出各轮子密钥w[,]，此过程亦称作密钥扩展，针对不同密钥长度的密钥扩展算法可以参照阅读AES算法标准发布文档。
S—box如下：
Inverses_box:
算法流程图
图中左边是加密流程，右边是解密流程，其中，Plaintext为明文，Ciphertext为密文，密钥长度可变，可指定为128、192、256比特，不同密钥长度决定了加解密算法的轮数（128位：
10轮，192位：
12轮，256位：
14轮），算法征集之初，6轮迭代便可抵抗当时世界上已知的所有攻击，AES标准中至少留了4轮余量，按照这种说法，可以推知轮数越多，AES破解难度越大，也就是密钥越长越安全，所以今年8月份有人说256bits密钥长度的AES算法被破解，而128bits未被破解是没有根据的。
理解AES需要知道以下两个概念：
状态：
算法中间的结果也需要分组，称之为状态，状态可以用以字节为元素的矩阵阵列表示，该阵列有4行，列数Nb为分组长度除32；
种子密钥：
以字节为元素的矩阵阵列描述，阵列为4行，列数Nk为密钥长度除32，其中根据种子密钥，可以推导出各轮子密钥w[,]，此过程亦称作密钥扩展，针对不同密钥长度的密钥扩展算法可以参照阅读AES算法标准发布文档。
AES的加密算法
AES的解密算法
算法测试结果
测试数据为书本p119中数据
程序清单
#include
#include
//AESonlysupportsNb=4
#defineNb4//numberofcolumnsintheState&expandedkey
#defineNk4//numberofcolumnsinakey
#defineNr10//numberofroundsinencryption
unsignedcharSbox[256]={//forwards-box
0x63,0x7c,0x77,0x7b,0xf2,0x6b,0x6f,0xc5,0x30,0x01,0x67,0x2b,0xfe,0xd7,0xab,0x76,
0xca,0x82,0xc9,0x7d,0xfa,0x59,0x47,0xf0,0xad,0xd4,0xa2,0xaf,0x9c,0xa4,0x72,0xc0,
0xb7,0xfd,0x93,0x26,0x36,0x3f,0xf7,0xcc,0x34,0xa5,0xe5,0xf1,0x71,0xd8,0x31,0x15,
0x04,0xc7,0x23,0xc3,0x18,0x96,0x05,0x9a,0x07,0x12,0x80,0xe2,0xeb,0x27,0xb2,0x75,
0x09,0x83,0x2c,0x1a,0x1b,0x6e,0x5a,0xa0,0x52,0x3b,0xd6,0xb3,0x29,0xe3,0x2f,0x84,
0x53,0xd1,0x00,0xed,0x20,0xfc,0xb1,0x5b,0x6a,0xcb,0xbe,0x39,0x4a,0x4c,0x58,0xcf,
0xd0,0xef,0xaa,0xfb,0x43,0x4d,0x33,0x85,0x45,0xf9,0x02,0x7f,0x50,0x3c,0x9f,0xa8,
0x51,0xa3,0x40,0x8f,0x92,0x9d,0x38,0xf5,0xbc,0xb6,0xda,0x21,0x10,0xff,0xf3,0xd2,
0xcd,0x0c,0x13,0xec,0x5f,0x97,0x44,0x17,0xc4,0xa7,0x7e,0x3d,0x64,0x5d,0x19,0x73,
0x60,0x81,0x4f,0xdc,0x22,0x2a,0x90,0x88,0x46,0xee,0xb8,0x14,0xde,0x5e,0x0b,0xdb,
0xe0,0x32,0x3a,0x0a,0x49,0x06,0x24,0x5c,0xc2,0xd3,0xac,0x62,0x91,0x95,0xe4,0x79,
0xe7,0xc8,0x37,0x6d,0x8d,0xd5,0x4e,0xa9,0x6c,0x56,0xf4,0xea,0x65,0x7a,0xae,0x08,
0xba,0x78,0x25,0x2e,0x1c,0xa6,0xb4,0xc6,0xe8,0xdd,0x74,0x1f,0x4b,0xbd,0x8b,0x8a,
0x70,0x3e,0xb5,0x66,0x48,0x03,0xf6,0x0e,0x61,0x35,0x57,0xb9,0x86,0xc1,0x1d,0x9e,
0xe1,0xf8,0x98,0x11,0x69,0xd9,0x8e,0x94,0x9b,0x1e,0x87,0xe9,0xce,0x55,0x28,0xdf,
0x8c,0xa1,0x89,0x0d,0xbf,0xe6,0x42,0x68,0x41,0x99,0x2d,0x0f,0xb0,0x54,0xbb,0x16};
unsignedcharInvSbox[256]={//inverses-box
0x52,0x09,0x6a,0xd5,0x30,0x36,0xa5,0x38,0xbf,0x40,0xa3,0x9e,0x81,0xf3,0xd7,0xfb,
0x7c,0xe3,0x39,0x82,0x9b,0x2f,0xff,0x87,0x34,0x8e,0x43,0x44,0xc4,0xde,0xe9,0xcb,
0x54,0x7b,0x94,0x32,0xa6,0xc2,0x23,0x3d,0xee,0x4c,0x95,0x0b,0x42,0xfa,0xc3,0x4e,
0x08,0x2e,0xa1,0x66,0x28,0xd9,0x24,0xb2,0x76,0x5b,0xa2,0x49,0x6d,0x8b,0xd1,0x25,
0x72,0xf8,0xf6,0x64,0x86,0x68,0x98,0x16,0xd4,0xa4,0x5c,0xcc,0x5d,0x65,0xb6,0x92,
0x6c,0x70,0x48,0x50,0xfd,0xed,0xb9,0xda,0x5e,0x15,0x46,0x57,0xa7,0x8d,0x9d,0x84,
0x90,0xd8,0xab,0x00,0x8c,0xbc,0xd3,0x0a,0xf7,0xe4,0x58,0x05,0xb8,0xb3,0x45,0x06,
0xd0,0x2c,0x1e,0x8f,0xca,0x3f,0x0f,0x02,0xc1,0xaf,0xbd,0x03,0x01,0x13,0x8a,0x6b,
0x3a,0x91,0x11,0x41,0x4f,0x67,0xdc,0xea,0x97,0xf2,0xcf,0xce,0xf0,0xb4,0xe6,0x73,
0x96,0xac,0x74,0x22,0xe7,0xad,0x35,0x85,0xe2,0xf9,0x37,0xe8,0x1c,0x75,0xdf,0x6e,
0x47,0xf1,0x1a,0x71,0x1d,0x29,0xc5,0x89,0x6f,0xb7,0x62,0x0e,0xaa,0x18,0xbe,0x1b,
0xfc,0x56,0x3e,0x4b,0xc6,0xd2,0x79,0x20,0x9a,0xdb,0xc0,0xfe,0x78,0xcd,0x5a,0xf4,
0x1f,0xdd,0xa8,0x33,0x88,0x07,0xc7,0x31,0xb1,0x12,0x10,0x59,0x27,0x80,0xec,0x5f,
0x60,0x51,0x7f,0xa9,0x19,0xb5,0x4a,0x0d,0x2d,0xe5,0x7a,0x9f,0x93,0xc9,0x9c,0xef,
0xa0,0xe0,0x3b,0x4d,0xae,0x2a,0xf5,0xb0,0xc8,0xeb,0xbb,0x3c,0x83,0x53,0x99,0x61,
0x17,0x2b,0x04,0x7e,0xba,0x77,0xd6,0x26,0xe1,0x69,0x14,0x63,0x55,0x21,0x0c,0x7d};
//combinedXtimes2[Sbox[]]
unsignedcharXtime2Sbox[256]={
0xc6,0xf8,0xee,0xf6,0xff,0xd6,0xde,0x91,0x60,0x02,0xce,0x56,0xe7,0xb5,0x4d,0xec,
0x8f,0x1f,0x89,0xfa,0xef,0xb2,0x8e,0xfb,0x41,0xb3,0x5f,0x45,0x23,0x53,0xe4,0x9b,
0x75,0xe1,0x3d,0x4c,0x6c,0x7e,0xf5,0x83,0x68,0x51,0xd1,0xf9,0xe2,0xab,0x62,0x2a,
0x08,0x95,0x46,0x9d,0x30,0x37,0x0a,0x2f,0x0e,0x24,0x1b,0xdf,0xcd,0x4e,0x7f,0xea,
0x12,0x1d,0x58,0x34,0x36,0xdc,0xb4,0x5b,0xa4,0x76,0xb7,0x7d,0x52,0xdd,0x5e,0x13,
0xa6,0xb9,0x00,0xc1,0x40,0xe3,0x79,0xb6,0xd4,0x8d,0x67,0x72,0x94,0x98,0xb0,0x85,
0xbb,0xc5,0x4f,0xed,0x86,0x9a,0x66,0x11,0x8a,0xe9,0x04,0xfe,0xa0,0x78,0x25,0x4b,
0xa2,0x5d,0x80,0x05,0x3f,0x21,0x70,0xf1,0x63,0x77,0xaf,0x42,0x20,0xe5,0xfd,0xbf,
0x81,0x18,0x26,0xc3,0xbe,0x35,0x88,0x2e,0x93,0x55,0xfc,0x7a,0xc8,0xba,0x32,0xe6,
0xc0,0x19,0x9e,0xa3,0x44,0x54,0x3b,0x0b,0x8c,0xc7,0x6b,0x28,0xa7,0xbc,0x16,0xad,
0xdb,0x64,0x74,0x14,0x92,0x0c,0x48,0xb8,0x9f,0xbd,0x43,0xc4,0x39,0x31,0xd3,0xf2,
0xd5,0x8b,0x6e,0xda,0x01,0xb1,0x9c,0x49,0xd8,0xac,0xf3,0xcf,0xca,0xf4,0x47,0x10,
0x6f,0xf0,0x4a,0x5c,0x38,0x57,0x73,0x97,0xcb,0xa1,0xe8,0x3e,0x96,0x61,0x0d,0x0f,
0xe0,0x7c,0x71,0xcc,0x90,0x06,0xf7,0x1c,0xc2,0x6a,0xae,0x69,0x17,0x99,0x3a,0x27,
0xd9,0xeb,0x2b,0x22,0xd2,0xa9,0x07,0x33,0x2d,0x3c,0x15,0xc9,0x87,0xaa,0x50,0xa5,
0x03,0x59,0x09,0x1a,0x65,0xd7,0x84,0xd0,0x82,0x29,0x5a,0x1e,0x7b,0xa8,0x6d,0x2c
};
//combinedXtimes3[Sbox[]]
unsignedcharXtime3Sbox[256]={
0xa5,0x84,0x99,0x8d,0x0d,0xbd,0xb1,0x54,0x50,0x03,0xa9,0x7d,0x19,0x62,0xe6,0x9a,
0x45,0x9d,0x40,0x87,0x15,0xeb,0xc9,0x0b,0xec,0x67,0xfd,0xea,0xbf,0xf7,0x96,0x5b,
0xc2,0x1c,0xae,0x6a,0x5a,0x41,0x02,0x4f,0x5c,0xf4,0x34,0x08,0x93,0x73,0x53,0x3f,
0x0c,0x52,0x65,0x5e,0x28,0xa1,0x0f,0xb5,0x09,0x36,0x9b,0x3d,0x26,0x69,0xcd,0x9f,
0x1b,0x9e,0x74,0x2e,0x2d,0xb2,0xee,0xfb,0xf6,0x4d,0x61,0xce,0x7b,0x3e,0x71,0x97,
0xf5,0x68,0x00,0x2c,0x60,0x1f,0xc8,0xed,0xbe,0x46,0xd9,0x4b,0xde,0xd4,0xe8,0x4a,
0x6b,0x2a,0xe5,0x16,0xc5,0xd7,0x55,0x94,0xcf,0x10,0x06,0x81,0xf0,0x44,0xba,0xe3,
0xf3,0xfe,0xc0,0x8a,0xad,0xbc,0x48,0x04,0xdf,0xc1,0x75,0x63,0x30,0x1a,0x0e,0x6d,
0x4c,0x14,0x35,0x2f,0xe1,0xa2,0xcc,0x39,0x57,0xf2,0x82,0x47,0xac,0xe7,0x2b,0x95,
0xa0,0x98,0xd1,0x7f,0x66,0x7e,0xab,0x83,0xca,0x29,0xd3,0x3c,0x79,0xe2,0x1d,0x76,
0x3b,0x56,0x4e,0x1e,0xdb,0x0a,0x6c,0xe4,0x5d,0x6e,0xef,0xa6,0xa8,0xa4,0x37,0x8b,
0x32,0x43,0x59,0xb7,0x8c,0x64,0xd2,0xe0,0xb4,0xfa,0x07,0x25,0xaf,0x8e,0xe9,0x18,
0xd5,0x88,0x6f,0x72,0x24,0xf1,0xc7,0x51,0x23,0x7c,0x9c,0x21,0xdd,0xdc,0x86,0x85,
0x90,0x42,0xc4,0xaa,0xd8,0x05,0x01,0x12,0xa3,0x5f,0xf9,0xd0,0x91,0x58,0x27,0xb9,
0x38,0x13,0xb3,0x33,0xbb,0x70,0x89,0xa7,0xb6,0x22,0x92,0x20,0x49,0xff,0x78,0x7a,
0x8f,0xf8,0x80,0x17,0xda,0x31,0xc6,0xb8,0xc3,0xb0,0x77,0x11,0xcb,0xfc,0xd6,0x3a
};
unsignedcharXtime2[256]={
0x00,0x02,0x04,0x06,0x08,0x0a,0x0c,0x0e,0x10,0x12,0x14,0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,
0x20,0x22,0x24,0x26,0x28,0x2a,0x2c,0x2e,0x30,0x32,0x34,0x36,0x38,0x3a,0x3c,0x3e,
0x40,0x42,0x44,0x46,0x48,0x4a,0x4c,0x4e,0x50,0x52,0x54,0x56,0x58,0x5a,0x5c,0x5e,
0x60,0x62,0x64,0x66,0x68,0x6a,0x6c,0x6e,0x70,0x72,0x74,0x76,0x78,0x7a,0x7c,0x7e,
0x80,0x82,0x84,0x86,0x88,0x8a,0x8c,0x8e,0x90,0x92,0x94,0x96,0x98,0x9a,0x9c,0x9e,
0xa0,0xa2,0xa4,0xa6,0xa8,0xaa,0xac,0xae,0xb0,0xb2,0xb4,0xb6,0xb8,0xba,0xbc,0xbe,
0xc0,0xc2,0xc4,0xc6,0xc8,0xca,0xcc,0xce,0xd0,0xd2,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdc,0xde,
0xe0,0xe2,0xe4,0xe6,0xe8,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xf0,0xf2,0xf4,0xf6,0xf8,0xfa,0xfc,0xfe,
0x1b,0x19,0x1f,0x1d,0x13,0x11,0x17,0x15,0x0b,0x09,0x0f,0x0d,0x03,0x01,0x07,0x05,
0x3b,0x39,0x3f,0x3d,0x33,0x31,0x37,0x35,0x2b,0x29,0x2f,0x2d,0x23,0x21,0x27,0x25,
0x5b,0x59,0x5f,0x5d,0x53,0x51,0x57,0x55,0x4b,0x49,0x4f,0x4d,0x43,0x41,0x47,0x45,
0x7b,0x79,0x7f,0x7d,0x73,0x71,0x77,0x75,0x6b,0x69,0x6f,0x6d,0x63,0x61,0x67,0x65,
0x9b,0x99,0x9f,0x9d,0x93,0x91,0x97,0x95,0x8b,0x89,0x8f,0x8d,0x83,0x81,0x87,0x85,
0xbb,0xb9,0xbf,0xbd,0xb3,0xb1,0xb7,0xb5,0xab,0xa9,0xaf,0xad,0xa3,0xa1,0xa7,0xa5,
0xdb,0xd9,0xdf,0xdd,0xd3,0xd1,0xd7,0xd5,0xcb,0xc9,0xcf,0xcd,0xc3,0xc1,0xc7,0xc5,
0xfb,0xf9,0xff,0xfd,0xf3,0xf1,0xf7,0xf5,0xeb,0xe9,0xef,0xed,0xe3,0xe1,0xe7,0xe5};
unsignedcharXtime9[256]={
0x00,0x09,0
升级会员 