初中英语被动语态讲义精品.docx

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初中英语被动语态讲义精品

被动语态讲义

(一)

(二)

被动语态

(一)

一、基本知识。

英语动词有两种语态:

主动语态(theActiveVoice)

被动语态(thePassiveVoice)

A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

Weplantedthetree.

B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

Thetreewasplantedbyus.

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(+by)构成。

(一)被动语态基本用法:

当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。

当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。

(二)被动语态的基本结构:

被动语态由助动词be+过去分词+by构成,当不想强调动作执行者时,by可省略,时态通过be表现出来。

be+过去分词

注:

后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态

不同时态的具体结构:

1.一般现在时:

is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词

NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.

A.speaks

B.isspoken

C.wasspoken

2.一般过去时:

was/were+及物动词的过去分词

Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.

A.wasfound

B.isfound

C.waslookedfor

3.现在完成时:

has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词

Threebridges____sincelastyear.

A.havebuilt

B.werebuilt

C.havebeenbuilt

4.一般将来时:

will+be+及物动词的过去分词

begoingto+be+及物动词的过去分词

Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.

A.willsendup

B.willbesentup

C.aresentup

5.含有情态动词:

情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

Flowers____everyday.

A.hasbeenwatered

B.shouldbewatered

C.shouldwater

6.现在进行时:

am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroomnow.

Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.

现在学生们正在打扫教室。

(arecleaning变为isbeingcleaned)

7.过去进行时:

was/were+being+done

Theworkersweremendingtheroadatthattimeyesterday.

Theroadwasbeingmendedatthattimeyesterday.

昨天那个时候这些工人正在修路。

歌诀:

被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面

(三)主动语态变被动语态:

(四)被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。

ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.

课堂练习:

一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态,并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者。

1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.

2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.

3.Whendidtheybuildthehouse?

4.Isawtheboyentertheroom.

5.Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?

6.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.

7.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed.

8.Whoisrepairingthebike?

9.Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.

二、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。

1.Canhe________(speak)English?

2.Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry?

3.Thefilm________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.

4.TheseTVsets________(make)inSiChuan.

5.Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease________(turn)onthelight?

6.Anewhospital________(build)inthisareanow.

7.________thebook________(return).

8.Rice________(grow)inthesouth.

9.Thewindow________(notbreak)bytheboy.

10.I________(tell)he________(notcome)justnow.

三、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。

1.English________(speak)inmanycountries.

2.Informationinshort-termmemory___________(can,not,keep)verylong.

3.Afterthat,oneofthelights__________(turnoff)andtherathadtowaitforashorttime.

4.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes___________(believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.

5.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook_______(print)now.

6.Theoldhouse_______(pull)downnextmonth.

7.Intheolddays,thechildren_______(takecareof)bythemotherbecauseshedidnot

workoutsidethehouse.

8.Needlesstosay,thesecondlistofwords___________(can,remember)moreeasilythanthefirstone.

9.She_______(send)toanothervillagewhenIgotthere.

10.Theteachersaidthatwe_________(give)anotherchancesometimenextmonthifwe

failedintheexam.

被动语态

(二)

一、被动语态的特殊情况:

1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:

1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.

Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.

2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.

Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.

3)Iseehimwalktoschool.

Heisseentowalktoschool.

2.不用被动语态的动词:

小练习:

Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany(纠正句中的错误)

1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball.

2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity.

3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?

4)Classisbegunat7:

30everyday.

5)Hisplanissoundedgood.

二、时态语态练习。

(一)单项选择。

1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.

A.arecausedB.werecaused

C.havecausedD.willcause

2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.

A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewed

C.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed

3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.

A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving

4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.

A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted

5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.

A.allowsB.doesn'tallow

C.isallowedD.isn'tallowed

6.Don'tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

A.willkeepB.haskept

C.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept

7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.

A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen

(二)将下列句子改为被动语态,并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者。

1.Theywillsaynothingmoreaboutthismatter.

2.Theyhavemadesomeflowersofsilk.

3.Hewroteapoem.

4.Thestudentsareplantingsometreesandflowers.

5.Theyaretoopenupanewbusinessnextweek.

6.Childrencouldn’thavedoneallthisdamage.

7.Allofuswillseehimoffattheairport.

8.Theyfeedthetigersatthezoothreetimesaday.

9.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforefive.

10.Peoplesaythatsheisagoodteacher.

 

(三)根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?

为题目的短文,要求内容齐全,上下文连贯。

尽量使用被动语态,80词左右。

1.树要在春天种;

2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;

3.把树放进坑里,扶直;

4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;

5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;

6.用绳子(rope)把棍子和树绑起来;

7.浇好水

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