高一英语课文知识点杭十四中.docx
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高一英语课文知识点杭十四中
课文知识点—必修5
UNIT1
1.putforward
关于put的常用词组有：
putaway收起放好
*Putyourbooksawaywhenyoufinishthem.
putdown放下；写下；镇压
*Youshouldputdowneverythinghesaid.
*Therebellionwasatlastputdown.
putforward提出；拨快
*Areyouseriousinputtingforwardsuchaview.
putforwardasuggestion/plan/anewtheory
*Puttheclockforwardbyfiveminutes.
putoff推迟
*Theyputoffthepicnicbecauseoftherain.
*WehadtoputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.
*Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.
puton穿上；上演
putout扑灭
*Putthefireout.
putup举起；张贴；搭起；（留…）过夜
*Weputupforthenightatafarmhouse.
*Canyouputusupforthenight?
putupwith忍受
2.drawaconclusion
conclude
A.vt.得出结论
*Whatdoyouconcludefromthefacts?
*Thejudgeconcludedthattheprisonerwasinnocent.
B.vt.vi.结束
*Heconcludedhisspeech.
*Themeetingconcludedafter3hours.
conclusionn.结论
draw/cometo/reachaconclusion得出结论
3.expertn.专家adj.经过专门训练的
*Heisanexpertinengineering.
=Heisanengineeringexpert.
*Heisanexpertengineer.
4.attendQueenVictoria
*attendameeting/aconference/alecture出席/参加
attendaclass/school上课/上学
*Twodoctorsattendedthepatient.（照料/看护）
5.expose
*Don’texposeittothesun.（暴露）
*Heexposedthecrimeinthenewspaper.（揭露）
*Don’texposethechildrentotheinfectiousdisease.（使…受到危险）
*Theyareexposedtotheinfectiousdisease.
*thechildren（whoare）exposedtotheinfectiousdisease（过去分词作定语）
6.curevt.治愈n.治疗方法
*Themedicinecuredmyfever.
*Themedicinecuredmeofmyfever.
*Thereisnocertaincureforcancer.
cure和treat的区别
cure表示“治愈”，treat只表示“治疗”
7.peopledieseverytimetherewasanoutbreak
此处everytime作连词连接句子
关于everytime等作连词的用法如下：
A.everytime/eachtime每次
*Shedemandssweetseverytimesheseesme
B.（the）lasttime上次
*（The）lasttimeIwenttoseehim,hehappenedtobeout.
C.nexttime下次
*Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseknockatthedoorfirst.
D.thefirst/secondtime第一/二次
*ThesecondtimeIwenttoseehim,hehappenedtobeout.
=WhenIwenttoseehimforthesecondtime,hehappenedtobeout.
E.this/itisthefirsttime（that）sb.havedone
*ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenabroad.
*ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadbeenabroad.
F.forthefirst/secondtime作状语用，不能连句子
*LastyearIwentabroadforthesecondtime.
Ithoughthimkindandhonest__Imethim.
A.forthefirsttimeB.thefirsttime
C.everytimeD.thelasttime
8.absorb
*Ozoneabsorbsheatfromthesun.
*Thecleverboyabsorbedallthattheteachertaughthim
beabsorbedin被…吸引住；专注于
*Hewasabsorbedinabook.
*Heiscompletelyabsorbedinhiswork.
9.suspectv.怀疑，猜测n.嫌疑犯
*Wesuspectedthatitwasatricktogetourmoney.
*Isuspecthimtobealiar.
=Isuspectthatheisaliar.
*Theofficeboyisthesuspectedthief.
*Thesuspectisbeingquestionedbythepolice
10.blame
blame用作及物动词时,通常用于下面三个句型:
A.blamesb.forsth./doingsth.
为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
*ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.
*Heblamedmeforhisfailure.
*Weblamedhimforbeinglate.
*Hewasblamedforbeinglate.
B.blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到到某人身上
*Heblamedhisfailureonme.
*ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack'.
*It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.C.betoblame（for）该（为…）受责备。
[注意]此处不能用被动语态。
如:
*Thechildrenwerenottoblamefortheaccident.
*Heismoretoblamethanyou.
*Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?
*Youaretoblameforthat.
*Heisthepersonwhoistoblame.
*Heisnottheonetoblame.
*Themotherdidn'tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.（NMET2002）
A.whoB.whenC.howD.what
*Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho____forthespoiledchild.（2002上海）
A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblame
C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame
11.suggest
Suggest作“建议”解时，其宾语从句的谓语用should+原形或原形；作“表明/暗示”解时则宾语从句的谓语不受限制。
*Isuggestwehavethemeetingatonce.
*Isuggestthemeetingbeheldatonce.
*JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.
*Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.
*Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasdisappointed.
12.apartfrom除..之外（分别等于except和besides）
*Apartfromthat,allgoeswell.
*ApartfromEnglish,wehaveothersubjects.
13.positiveadj.确定的;积极的;正的
*Thereispositiveproofthathedidit.
*I’mpositive/surethathedidit.
*Whatweneedispositivethinking.
*Positivesuggestionswillalwaysbewelcomed.
*Thepositivesignis+.
*Thebloodtestswerepositive.
positivepole阳极，正极
positive的反义词是negative（否定的,消极的,负的）
14.bestrictwith和bestrictin
bestrictwithsb.
bestrictinsth.
*Hisparentsarestrictwithhim.
*Heisstrictinhiswork.
15.makesensevi.说得通，有意义，
有道理,被理解
*Yourwholeaccountoftheincidentsdoesn’tmakesense.
*Nomatterhowyoureadit,thissentencedoesn’tmake（any）sense.
makesenseofvt.理解，懂
*Canyoumakesenseofwhathesaid?
16.withtheplanetsgoingroundit
这是with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。
这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式以及分词（—ing和—ed）等。
现将其基本形式归纳如下：
A.with+n./pron.+形容词/副词
*Heworeashirt,withtheneckopen.
*Withthenoisesoloudoutside,Ican’tsleep.
*WithMrSmithaway,we’vegotmoreroom.
B.with+n./pron.+介词短语
*Hesattherewithasmileonhisface.
*It’savillagewithmountainsaroundit.
*Hecameinwithaballunderhisarm.
C.with+n./pron.+不定式
*Withsomuchworktodo,hecouldnotgo
*Withsomanyproblemstosolve,thenewly-electedpresidenthadahardtime.
D.with+n./pron.+现在分词
*Thestreetwasquietwithnobusesrunning.
*Withhimleadingtheway,Ihadnotroublefindingthestation.
*Withsomanypeoplewatchingme,Ifeltnervous.
*Withtheroombeingdecorated,itsmellsterrible.
*Ican’tgoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.
*WithChristmasapproaching,shopsbecamecrowded.
*Withtimegoingby（Astimewentby）,Irealizedmymistakes.
E.with+n./pron.+过去分词
*Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedback.
*Withsomanyproblemssolved,thenewly-electedpresidentfeltrelieved.
*Hesleptwithallthewindowsclosed.
*Theboyleftwithhishomeworkunfinished.
17.contributevt.vi.捐献，捐赠；贡献；投稿
*HecontributedtotheRedCross.
*Hecontributed$5tothecharityeverypayday.
*Hedidn’tcontributeoneideatothediscussion.
*HecontributedanarticletotheDailyPost.
*Heoftencontributestothemagazine.
contributeto经常作“有助于，导致”解
*Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth.
*Hiscarelessnesscontributedtotheaccident.
*Hissingingwillcontributegreatlytothesuccessoftheparty.
*Badeatinghabitscontributedtohisillness.
makeacontribution做贡献
Usefulexpressions
physicalcharacteristics身体特征
scientificresearch科学研究
infectiousdiseases传染病
solvetheproblem解决问题
bedeterminedtodo决心做…
lookinto调查
soonafterwards之后不久
slowdown慢下来，减缓
dieof死于
makeasuggestion提建议
makeaplan制定计划
makeaspeech发表演讲
makeachange做出改变
makeainvestigation进行调查
makeadecision做决定
makeacontribution做贡献
makeanoise发出响声
makeadescription进行描述
makeaface做鬼脸
makefriends交朋友
makemoney赚钱
makedinner做饭
makesure确保
makethebed铺床
makeroomfor给…让地方
makeone’swayto向…走去
makeupone’smind下决心
leadto导致
UNIT2
1.consistof和makeup
makeup（vt.）组成，构成
consistof=bemadeupof由…组成/构成
*Womenmakeup60percentoftheworkersinthisfactory.
*Differentqualitiesmakeupaperson’scharacter.
*Nineplayersmakeupateam.
*Fiftystudentsmakeuptheclass.
在上述句子中不能用consistof，只有当上述句子改为被动后才能换成consistof。
*60percentoftheworkersinthisfactoryaremadeupofwomen.
=60percentoftheworkersinthisfactoryconsistofwomen.
*Aperson’scharacterismadeupofdifferentqualities.
=Aperson’scharacterconsistsofdifferentqualities.
*Ateamismadeupofnineplayers.
=Ateamconsistsofnineplayers.
*Theclassismadeupoffiftystudents.
=Theclassconsistsoffiftystudents.
*HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?
=HowmanycountriesistheUKmadeupof?
所以，consistof无被动态，也不能用进行时，而makeup是及物的，它的被动形式是bemadeupof。
在用分词做定语时，consistof用现在分词，bemadeupof用过去分词。
*ateamconsistingofnineplayers
=ateammadeupofnineplayers
2.divide
*Thechildrenaredividingthecake.
*Let’sdividetheclassintofourgroups.
*Theclassisdividedintofourgroups.
*Let’sdividetheworkbetween/amongus.
divide…into…把…分成…
dividesth.between/amongsb.
在某人中分某物
separate…from…把…和…分开
比较：
*Pleasedividetheapplesintotwoparts.
*Pleaseseparatethegoodapplesfromthebadones.
Theapplewas_______intotwo.
We_______themoneyequally.
Oxygencanbe________fromwater.
TheTaiwanStrait____TaiwanfromFujian.
Thetwoboysarefighting.Goand_____them.
3….youfindWalesincludedaswell
注意下列句中include正确形式的选用:
*Manypeoplewereinjured,includingtwochildren.
=Manypeoplewereinjured,twochildrenincluded.
*Allofuslaughed,includingme.
=Allofuslaughed,meincluded
4.breakaway（from）
A.突然挣脱或逃掉
B.断绝往来，脱离，和…决裂
C.改掉（习惯）,破除（旧做法）
*Thecriminalbrokeawayfromthepolicemanwhowasholdinghim.
*Hetriedtobreakawayfromme.
*Thesouthernstateswantedtobreakawayfromtheunion.
*Youshouldbreakawayfromthesebadhabits.
breakdown坏掉，垮掉
*Theenginebrokedown.
*Ourcarbrokedownhalfway
*Hishealthbrokendown.
5.credit
creditcard信用卡
*Ittakes124creditstograduate.（学分）
toone’scredit值得赞扬的是，对某人有利的是
*Itisgreatlytoyourcreditthatyouhavepassedsuchadifficultexamination.
6.thefourcountriesdoworktogether
助动词do/does/did除用来构成否定句和疑问句外，还可用于肯定句或祈使句表示强调，译作“的确，确实，务必”.
*HedoesspeakfluentEnglish.
*Hedidattendthelecturethatday.
*Dobequiet.
7.forconvenience为方便起见
*Ikeepmydictionarynearmydeskforcon
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