高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题19及答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题19及答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题19及答案

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（19）及答案

C8[2013·湖北卷]----E

AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.

Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40，000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.

Surveyrespondents（受访者）wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.

Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults（age18to39）routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddle－agedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio（比率）ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.

“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade，”wroteFriederR．Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangen－Nuremberg.

Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.

“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions（预防措施），”theauthorswrote.

Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.

Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.

However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic，”theauthorsconcluded.

67．Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?

A．Optimisticadults.

B．Middle－agedadults.

C．Adultsinpoorhealth.

D．Adultsoflowerincome.

68．Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople________．

A．tofullyenjoytheirpresentlife

B．toestimatetheircontributionaccurately

C．totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks

D．tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth

69．Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?

A．Theywillearnlessmoney.

B．Theywillbecomepessimistic.

C．Theywillsuffermentalillness.

D．Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.

70．Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?

A．Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.

B．Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.

C．Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.

D．Expectationsoffuturelifesatisfactiondeclinewithage.

【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。

在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。

随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。

67．B　细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“…whilemiddle－agedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。

故B正确。

68．C　细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“…peoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractions…”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。

句中的bemorecarefulabout与takemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks一致。

故C正确。

69．A　细节理解题。

根据第八段中的“…respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。

故A正确。

70．D　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：

从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。

故D正确。

社会生活类----56

Itistruethatgoodwritersrewriteandrewriteandthenrewritesomemore.Butinordertoworkupthedesiretorewrite,itisimportanttolearntolikewhatyouwriteattheearlystage.

IamsurprisedatthenumberoffamouswritersIknowwhosaythattheysodislikereadingtheirownwritinglaterthattheyevenhatetolookoverthepublishers’opinions.Onereasonwemaydislikereadingourownworkisthatwe’reoftendisappointedthattherichideasinourmindsseemverythinandplainwhenfirstwrittendown.JerryFodorandStevenPinkersuggestthatthisfactmaybearesultofhowourmindswork.

Differentfrompopularbelief,wedonotusuallythinkinthewordsandsentencesofordinarylanguagebutinsymbolsforideas（knownas‘mentalese’）,andwritingourideasdownisanactoftranslationfromthatsymboliclanguage.Butwhilementalesecontainsourthoughtsintheformofacomplextapestry（织锦）,writingcanonlybecomposedonethreadatatime.Thereforeitshouldnotbesurprisingthatourfirstattemptatexpressingideasshouldlooksosimple.Itisonlybyrepeatedlyrewritingthatweproducenewthreadsandconnectthemtogetclosertotheideasformedinourminds.

Whenpeoplewriteasifsomestrictcritics（批评家）arelookingovertheirshoulder,theyaresoworriedaboutwhatthiscriticmightsaythattheygetstuckbeforetheyevenstart.PeterElbowmakesanexcellentsuggestiontodealwiththisproblem.Whenwritingweshouldhavetwodifferentminds.Atthefirststage,weshouldseeeveryidea,aswellasthewordsweusetoexpressit,aswonderfulandworthputtingdown.Itisonlyduringrewritesthatweshouldexaminewhatweexcitedlywroteinthefirststageandcheckforweaknesses.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthetextaboutthosefamouswriters?

A.Theyoftenregretwritingpoorworks.

B.Someofthemwritesurprisinglymuch.

C.Manyofthemhatereadingtheirownworks.

D.Theyarehappytoreviewthepublishers’opinions.

2.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutthewayhumanmindswork?

A.Peoplethinkinwordsandsentences.

B.Humanideasaretranslatedintosymbols.

C.Peoplethinkbyconnectingthreadsofideas.

D.Humanthoughtsareexpressedthroughpictures.

3.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?

A.Mostpeoplebelievewethinkinsymbols.

B.Lovingourownwritingisscientificallyreasonable.

C.Thewritersandcriticscanneverreachanagreement.

D.Thinkingandwritingaredifferentstagesofmindatwork.

【参考答案】56.1-3CAD　

社会生活类-----57

Tensofthousandsoftheatreticketswillbegivenawaytoyoungpeoplenextyearaspartofagovernmentcampaigntoinspirealifelonglovefortheatre.

Theplantoofferfreeseatstopeopleagedbetween18to26—fundedwith￡2.5millionoftaxpayers’money—wasannouncedyesterdaybyAndyBurnham,theCultureSecretary.Itreceivedacautiouswelcomefromsomeintheartsworld,whoexpressedconcernthattheticketsmaynotreachthemostunderprivileged.

TheplancomesasWestEndtheatresareenjoyingrecordaudiences,thankslargelytomusicalsteamingupwithtelevisiontalentshows.Attendancesreached13.6millionin2007,up10percenton2006,itselfarecordyear.Totalsaleswereup18percenton2006toalmost￡470million.

OnetheatresourcecriticisedtheGovernment’spriorities（优先考虑的事）　infundingfreeticketswhenpensionerswerestrugglingtobuyfoodandfuel,saying:

　“Idon’tknowwhytheGovernment’swastingmoneyonthis.TheYoungVic,asThetimesreportedtoday,offersexcellentperformancesatcheapprices.”

TherewaspraisefortheGovernment’splanfromDominicCookeoftheRoyalCourtTheatre,whosaid:

　“Isupportanymovetogetyoungpeopleintotheatre,andespeciallyonethataimstodoitalloverEngland,notjustinLondon.”

Ninety-fivepubliclyfundedtheatrescouldapplyforfundingunderthetwo-yearplan.Inreturn,theywillofferfreeticketsonatleastonedayeachweekto18to26-year-olds,first-come,first-served.ItislikelytobeonMondays,traditionallyaquietnightforthetheatre.

Mr.Burnhamsaid:

　“Ayoungpersonattendingthetheatrecanfinditanexcitingexperience,andbeinspiredtoexploreanewworld.Butsometimespeoplemissoutonitbecausetheyfearit’s‘notforthem’.It’stimetochangethisperception.”

JeremyHunt,theShadowCultureSecretary,said:

　“Therealissueisnotgettingenthusiasticchildrenintothetheatre,butimprovingartseducationsothatmoreyoungpeoplewanttogointhefirstplace.Fortoomanychildrentheatresareano-goarea.”

1.Criticsoftheplanarguedthat　　　.　

A.thetheatreswouldbeovercrowded

B.itwouldbeawasteofmoney

C.pensionerswouldn’tgetfreetickets

D.thegovernmentwouldn’tbeabletoaffordit

2.Accordingtothesupporters,theplanshould　　　.　

A.benefitthetelevisionindustry

B.focusonproducingbetterplays

C.helpincreasethesalesoftickets

D.involvealltheyoungpeopleinEngland

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheplan?

A.Ninety-fivetheatreshavereceivedfunding.

B.Everyonewillgetatleastonefreeticket.

C.Itmaynotbenefitalltheyoungpeople.

D.Freeticketsareofferedonceeveryday.

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatinEngland　　　.　

A.manyplaysarenotforyoungpeople

B.manyyoungpeopledon’tliketheatre

C.peopleknowlittleabouttheplan

D.childrenusedtoreceivegoodartseducation

5.Accordingtothepassage,theissuetoofferfreeticketstoyoungpeopleseems　　　.　

A.controversial　　　　B.inspiring　　　　C.exciting　　　　D.unreasonable

【参考答案】57.1-5BDCBA　

C8[2013·江苏卷]----C

Ifadiversurfacestooquickly，hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence，ifthebubbles（气泡）accumulateinajoint，issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain，theconsequencecanbe