微观经济学英文版18章自测题及答案.docx

微观经济学英文版18章自测题及答案.docx

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微观经济学英文版18章自测题及答案

第一章

1.Beth’sfriendswanttotakehertoamovieoraplayforherbirthday.Bethchoosestoattendtheplay.Weknowthat:

a.Bethhasmadeanirrationaldecision.

b.notseeingthemovieisBeth’sopportunitycostofattendingtheplay.

c.Bethdidnotmakeadecisionatthemargin.

d.seeingtheplaydidnotcostBethanythingsinceshedidnothavetopayfortheticket.

2.Amarketeconomyrelieson

a.decentralizedchoicescoordinatedbyAdamSmith’s“invisiblehand.”

b.centralizedchoicescoordinatedbyAdamSmith’s“invisiblehand.”

c.decentralizedchoicescoordinatedbythe“visiblehand”ofauthority.

d.centralizedchoicescoordinatedbythe“visiblehand”ofauthority.

3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofmarketpower?

a.Elaineengagesinlessresearchthanshewouldifthegovernmentweretosubsidizeherresearchactivities.

b.Mark’scompanychargesahigherpriceforitsproductbecausegovernmentregulationsforcethecompanytoclean-upitsemissionsintoalocalwaterway.

c.Becauseofthehighcostofgasoline,Jenniferbuysasmaller,morefuel-efficientcar.

d.Thetown’sonlycablecompanychargesahigherpricethanitwouldifitfacedcompetitionfromotherfirms.

4.Governmentregulationoftheeconomymaybebeneficialif:

a.externalitiesexist.

b.thereistoomuchcompetition.

c.thereisnomarketpower.

d.specialinterestgroupsacttoinfluencegovernmentpolicy.

5.Whichofthefollowingvariablesisthekeyingredientinimprovingthestandardoflivingoftheaveragecitizen?

a.lowinflation

b.lowunemploymentrates

c.productivityincreases

d.populationgrowth

6.Externalitiesoccurwhen

a.oneperson’sactionsaffectthewell-beingofabystander.

b.thegovernmentimposestaxes.

c.increasesinthepriceofoilcausegasolinepricestorise.

d.higherwagesresultinincreasedspending.

7.WhichofthefollowingareNOTexamplesofmarketfailure?

a.ThereisonlyonefirmthatemploysalltheworkersofSmalltown.

b.BUUisthesoleprovideroflong-distancefortheUnitedStates.

c.Asaresultofitsproductionprocesses,REACorporationemitstwotonsofairpollutantsdaily.

d.Noneoftheabove.

8.Governmentinterventioninthemarketplace

a.alwaysbenefitssociety.

b.alwaysharmssociety.

c.mayeitherbenefitorharmsocietydependingonthetypeandextentofgovernmentintervention.

d.israrelyinfluencedbypoliticalconsiderations.

9.Tradebetweentwocountries

a.makesbothcountriesbetteroff.

b.canbenefitonecountrybutnotboth.

c.causesonecountrytogainandtheothercountrytolose.

d.isazero-sumgame.

10.Inflationrefersto

a.acontinuingdecreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomy.

b.anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomy.

c.apersistentincreaseintheamountofgoodswhichcanbepurchasedwithagivenamountofmoney.

d.anincreaseinsomeindividualpricesintheeconomy.

11.Inmostcases,highorpersistentinflationiscausedby:

a.toorapidgrowthinthequantityofmoney.

b.areductioninthequantityofmoney.

c.anincreaseinunemployment.

d.anincreaseinproductivity.

12.Tosaythatpeoplemakedecisionsatthemarginmeansthatthey

a.waituntilthelastminutebeforemakingadecision.

b.weightheadditionalcostsandadditionalbenefitsofsmallchanges.

c.makedecisionsthatdeterminewhetherornottheywilllivetheirlivesontheedgeofsubsistence.

d.makedecisionsonissuesthatarerelativelyunimportantfortheireconomicwell-being.

13.AccordingtothePhillipscurve,

a.thereisnotradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.

b.ifinflationincreases,sodoesunemployment.

c.increasesinunemploymentareassociatedwithariseinprices.

d.thereisashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.

14.Wheneconomistssaythatindividualsrespondtoincentives,theymeanthat

a.ifthebenefitofanactivityincreases,peoplewillengageinmoreofthatactivity.

b.onceindividualshavemadeamistake,theywillnevermakethesamemistakeagain.

c.individualsactveryquicklywhenfacedwithaproblem.

d.individualsrespondtopositivestimuli,butnottonegativestimuli.

15.Economicsisprimarilythestudyof

a.howtomakemoneyinthestockmarket.

b.howtooperateabusinesssuccessfully.

c.howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.

d.themethodsthatgovernmentmightusetotransformascarcegoodintoaneconomicgood.

16.Whatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitemis

a.anexplicitcost.

b.anopportunitycost.

c.anhistoricalcost.

d.anaccountingcost.

17.Scarcityarisesbecauseof

a.limitedresources.

b.poverty.

c.toolittlemoneyinaneconomy.

d.governmentinefficiencies.

18.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.”Thisexpressionmeans

a.nodecisioniscost-free.

b.ifJanandJimgoouttoeatlunch,oneofthemmustpayforthelunchortherestaurantwillcallthepolice.

c.whilesomeactionsinvolveacost,othersdonot.

d.thatscarcityexistsinsomesituations,butdoesnotinothers.

参考答案：

1.b2.a3.d4.a5.c6.a7.d8.c9.a10.b

11.a12.b13.d14.a15.c16.b17.a18.a

第二章

1.Economistsuseassumptions

a.tomaketherealworldeasiertounderstand.

b.tomaketheirmodelsmoreaccuratelyreflecttherealworld.

c.tomaketheirmodelsmorecomplex.

d.tomakeitmoredifficulttounderstandhowtherealworldoperates.

2.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanormativeeconomicstatement?

a.Iftheeconomyisexperiencingfullemployment,alargetaxcutwillcreateinflation.

b.Anincreaseinthegovernment’sbudgetdeficitwillcauseanincreaseininterestrates.

c.Adecreaseintheminimumwagewilldecreaseunemploymentamongteens.

d.Thefederalgovernmentshouldincreasespendingoneducation.

3.Atechnologicaladvanceoranincreaseinthefactorsofproductionisrepresentedas

a.ashiftoftheproductionpossibilitiesfrontierintowardstheorigin.

b.ashiftoftheproductionpossibilitiesfrontierawayfromtheorigin.

c.amovementdowntheproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

d.amovementuptheproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

4.Microeconomicsisthestudyof

a.howhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinthemarket.

b.economy-widephenomena.

c.inflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowth.

d.theimpactofgovernmentactionsontheeconomy.

5.Macroeconomicsisconcernedprimarilywith

a.thewaythingsareproduced.

b.thepricesofparticulargoodsandservices.

c.thebehaviorofconsumers.

d.thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena.

6.Accordingtothecircularflowmodel

a.inthemarketforgoodsandservices,householdsarebuyersandfirmsaresellers.

b.themarketforgoodsandservices,householdsaresellersandfirmsarebuyers.

c.inthemarketforfactorsofproduction,householdsarebuyersandfirmsaresellers.

d.firmsaretheownersofthefactorsofproduction.

7.Aproductionpossibilitiesfrontiershows

a.thepricesatwhichalternativegoodswillbeproduced.

b.theinputcombinationsthatallowacountrytoproduceagivenamountofoutput.

c.thetaxrevenueagovernmentreceivesatvarioustaxrates.

d.thevariouscombinationsoftwogoodsacountrycanproducewithitsfactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology.

8.Whichofthefollowingisastatementofpositiveeconomics?

a.Incometaxesshouldbereducedinordertoincreaseeconomicgrowth.

b.Areductionintaxrateswillincreasetheafter-taxincomesoftherich.

c.Taxratesoughttobereducedsothatpeoplewillworkmore.

d.Allpeoplewhoareonwelfareformorethan24monthsshouldberequiredtowork.

9.Inthecircular-flowmodel,householdsreceiveincomeintheformof:

a.wagesonly.

b.wagesandrent.

c.wagesandrentandprofit.

d.rentonly.

10.Agoodeconomicmodelsuchassupplyanddemandislikearoadmapbecause

a.itomitsmanydetailstoallowustouseonlypertinentinformation.

b.itaccuratelydepictsallthedetailsofthereal-world.

c.itiscomplexenoughthatonlythosewithhighintellectcanunderstandit.

d.itmakeslittleuseofassumptions.

参考答案：

1.a2.d3.b4.a5.d6.a7.d8.b9.c10.a

第三章

1.MarycanproducehousingataloweropportunitycostthanJoan.Economistswouldsaythat

a.Maryhasthecomparativeadvantageintheproductionofhousing.

b.Joanhasthecomparativeadvantageintheproductionofhousing.

c.Maryhastheabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofhousing.

d.Joanhastheabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofhousing.

2.Whentradetakesplace

a.bothpartieswillprobablybeworseoff.

b.onepartymustgainattheotherparty’sexpense.

c.bothpartiescanbebetteroff.

d.onepartywillgainandtheotherpartywillbeneitherbetternorworseoff.

3.TheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatescanproduce20tonsofcoalor10tonsofironperhour.TheaverageworkerinCanadacanproduceeither10tonsofcoalor10tonsofironperhour.TheUnitedStateshasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionof

a.iron.

b.coal.

c.bothironandcoal.

d.neitherironnorcoal.

4.IfBrazilcanproducemoreshoeswithonehouroflaborthanArgentina,whichofthefollowingisnecessarilytrue?

a.Brazilhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofshoes.

b.BrazilexportsshoestoArgentinaifthereisfreetrade.

c.Brazilhasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofshoes.

d.Alloftheabovearetrue.

5.Comparativeadvantagedescribesthesituationwhere

a.oneproducerhasmoreresourcesthananotherproducer.

b.aproducerproducesmoreoutputthananotherproducer.

c.theopportunitycostofproducingagoodissmallerforoneproducerthanforasecondproducer.

d.theopportunit