北师大版初三英语第4讲unit 2 语法篇教师版.docx
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北师大版初三英语第4讲unit2语法篇教师版
Unit2语法篇
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理解并掌握被动语态的结构及用法
被动语态
1.被动语态的构成：
be+p.p.（pastparticiple动词的过去分词）
2.不同时态的被动语态的构成
一般现在时的被动语态：
am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时的被动语态：
was/were+p.p.
一般将来时的被动语态：
willbe+done/begoingto+p.p.
现在进行时的被动语态：
am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去进行时的被动语态：
was/were+being+p.p.
现在完成时的被动语态：
have/has+been+p.p.
过去完成时的被动语态：
had+been+p.p.
含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词（can,may,must）+be+p.p.
eg:
Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.
Thebridgewasn’tbuiltuntil1914.
Everythingwillbedonetoputoutthefire.
Theroomisbeingcleanedatthemoment.
Hetoldmethattheroadwasbeingrepaired.
Allofthefoodhasbeeneatenup.
MyhomeworkhadbeendonebeforeIwenthome.
3.使役动词、感官动词的被动语态
带复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
如：
（1）Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.（keepsth.clean）
→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.（sthbekeptclean）
（2）Shetoldusnottostayuplate.（tellsbnottodo…）
→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.（sb.betoldnottodo…）
注意：
在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
记住下列变化：
seesbdo…beseentodo
hearsbdo….beheardtodo
listentosbdobelistenedtodo
makesbdo…bemadetodo
4.有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
常见的有：
write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。
eg:
Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。
Thenewcomputersellswell.这新产品很畅销。
Theprinterprintsquickly.这个打印机打印很快。
对比：
Thebookssellwell.（主动句）Thebooksweresoldout.（被动句）
5.被动语态的解题思路
（1）判断主语与谓语动词的主被动关系
（2）根据时间状语判断时态
（3）根据不同时态被动语态的构成解出正确答案
1.---Thefamoustower_______morethan300yearsago.
A.buildB.buildsC.builtD.wasbuilt
2.Thisclassroom____________forEnglishCorner.
A.usesB.isusingC.canbeusedD.shalluse
3.---Willteachers__________bycomputersinthefuture,Tony?
---Maybeyes,maybeno.ButI’msurewewilllearnsomethingfrombothofthem.
A.havereplacedB.arereplacingC.arereplacedD.bereplaced
4.Mysister_______tothepartyyesterday.Shehadagoodtimewithherfriends.
A.invitesB.invitedC.wasinvitedD.isinvited
5.---Foodsafetyisveryimportant.
---Sosomerules_________tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.
A.mustmakeB.mustbemadeC.mustmadeD.bemade
6.Peoplewhodon’tworkshouldbemade________.
A.workB.workedC.toworkD.working
7.Aparty_______inourschoolnextmonth.I’mlookingforwardtoit.
A.heldB.holdsC.isheldD.willbeheld
8.Sofar,themoon_______bymanalready.
A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited
9.Theflowers____________often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
10.Mary___________showmehernewdictionary.
A.hasaskedtoB.askstoC.isaskedD.wasaskedto
解析：
1.tower和build的关系为被动，表示塔被建造；根据时间状语ago可知为一般过去时。
一般过去时的构成为：
was/were+p.p.故选D。
2.classroom和use的关系为被动，只有C选项是被动，情态动词的被动语态，情态动词+be+p.p.题意为“这间教室可以被用作英语角”。
故选C。
3.题意为“将来老师会被电脑取代吗？
”，一般将来时的被动语态，will+be+p.p.,故选D。
4.题意为“我的妹妹昨天被邀请去了聚会”时间状语yesterday，mysister和invite的关系为被动，一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
5.题意为“食品安全非常重要，因此必须制定一些规则来阻止人们污染食物”，rules和make的关系为被动，并且该句表示强制语气，用情态动词must，故选B。
6.题意为“那些不工作的人们应该工作”。
该题包含一个定语从句“whodon’twork”用来修饰people,make为使役动词，在被动语态中，宾语补足语应用todo的形式，故选C。
7.party和hold关系为被动，根据时间状语nextmonth，可知该题为一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。
8.moon和visit关系为被动，月球被人类到访，sofar,already为现在完成时的时间状语标志，故选C。
9.根据选项，题意为“花必须经常被浇水”，情态动词的被动语态must+be+p.p.故选B。
10.题意为“玛丽被要求向我展示她的新字典”，asksb.todosth.动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态，动词不定式保持不变，故选D。
答案：
1-5DCDCB6-10CDCBD
基础演练
用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely________（speak）intheworld?
2.Theoldmanisill.He_____________（mustsend）tothehospital.
3.They__________（make）ofmetalandwood.
4.Canthemagazine__________（take）outofthelibrary?
5.Someflowers_____________（water）byLiMingalready.
6.Thiskindofshoes_________（sell）well.
7.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees__________（cut）down.
8.Thestarscan’t__________（see）inthedaytime.
9.Thelostboy_________（notfind）sofar.
10.It’ssaidthat（据说）thatthelongbridge____________（build）intwomonths.
巩固提高
一、根据中文提示完成句子（每空一词）
1.这种产品的价格取决于它的质量。
Thepriceofthiskindofproduct_________________itsquality.
2.你怎么看待《汤姆索亚历险记》（这本书）？
Whatdoyou_________________TheAdventuresofTomSawyer?
3.读书有助于帮助我们了解人性。
Readingcan_________us_________abouthumannature.
4.为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在我们学校种很多树。
Nextmonthmanytrees_________________________inourschooltomakeitmorebeautiful.
5.Alice在北京已经两年了，她习惯了这里的生活。
AlicehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.She_____________________________________here.
二、句型转换
1.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.（改为被动语态）
_______________________________________________________
2.Youneedn’tdoitnow.（改为被动语态）
_______________________________________________________
3.Hemademedothatforhim.（改为被动语态）
_______________________________________________________
4.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?
（改为被动语态）
_______________________________________________________
5.ThelightgreendresseshavebeensoldoutbyTom.（改为主动语态）
________________________________________________________
答案
基础演练
用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空
1.isspoken2.mustbesent3.aremadeof4.betaken5.havebeenwatered
6.sell7.werecut8.beseen9.hasn’tbeenfound10.willbebuilt
巩固提高
一、根据中文提示完成句子（每空一词）
1.dependson
2.thinkof
3.help;understand
4.willbeplanted
5.hasbeenusedtothelife
二、句型转换
1.AnEnglishsongwillbesungbythechildren.
2.Itneedn’tbedonebyyounow.
3.Iwasmadetodothatforhim.
4.Wasabridgebuiltherebythemayearago?
5.Tomhassoldoutthelightgreendresses.
一、单项选择
1.Tomisabooklover._______likesreadingverymuch.
A.SheB.HeC.YouD.They
2.Thework__________soon.
A.willbefinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.willfinishD.finishes
3.Hisfamouswork__________in1990.
A.publishedB.ispublishedC.waspublishedD.hasbeenpublished
4.TheGreatWall___________allovertheworld.
A.wasknownB.isknownC.wasknewD.knows
5.AtalkonChinesehistory_________intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives
6.Now,peoplehavemorefreetime.SquareDancingisbecomingmoreandmore________.
A.comfortableB.difficultC.differentD.popular
7.Apersonwhois_________doesnottellliesorcheatpeople.
A.carelessB.stupidC.honestD.humorous
8.---How’shenow?
---Ihearthecompany_______himaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.
A.donatedB.offeredC.servedD.introduced
9.---Excuseme,doyouknow_________________?
---Sure.Thereisabookstoredownthestreet.
A.wherecanIgetsomepostcards
B.whereIcangetsomepostcards
C.whenIcangetsomepostcards
D.whencanIgetsomepostcards
10.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_________________nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.isgoingtorebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
二、完形填空
BradclosedthedoorslowlyasSuelefthometovisithermother.Expectingawholedaytorelax,hewasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavoriteTVtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffinmonths.“Thiswillbelikeawalkinthepark,”he’dtoldhiswife.“I’lllookafter1,andyoucangotovisityourmom.”
Thingsstartedwell,butjustaftereighto’clock,histhreelittle“goodkids”—Mike,Randy,andAlex—camedownthestairsintheirnightclothesandshouted“Breakfast,daddy.”When2hadnotappearedwithinthirtyseconds,RandybeganusinghisspoononAlex’sheadasifitwereadrum.Alexstartedtoshoutloudlyintimetothebeat（节拍）.Mikechanted“Where’smyhotdog,where’smyhotdog.”inthebackground.Brad3hisnewspaperwouldhavetowaitforafewseconds.
Lifebecameworseafterbreakfast.MikeworeRandy’strousersonhishead.Randylockedhimselfinthebathroom,whileAlex4againbecausehewasgoingtowethisshortpants（短裤）.Nobodycouldfind5socks,althoughtheywerebeforetheireyes.Someonenamed“NotMe”hadspilled（洒，泼出）awholeglassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes.Bradknewthetalkshowhadalready6.
Byteno’clock,thingswereoutof7.Alexwaswonderingwhythefishinthejarrefusedhisbreadandbutter.Mikewastryingtoshowoffhis8bydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolourpencils.Randy,thankfully,appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom,butcloserexamination9thathewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands.Bradrealizedthatthetalkshowwasoverandreadingwouldbeimpossible.
Atexactly11:
17,Bradcalledthedaycarecentre（日托所）.“Isuddenlyhavetogointoworkandmywife’saway.CanIbringtheboysoverinafewminutes?
”Theanswerwas10“yes”becauseBradwassmiling.
1.A.thekidsB.yourworkC.thehouseD.myself
2.A.clothesB.foodC.dadD.mum
3.A.thoughtB.decidedC.plannedD.realized
4.A.criedB.shoutedC.explainedD.argued
5.A.cleanB.dirtyC.newD.old
6.A.startedB.finishedC.goneD.appeared
7.A.sightB.planC.imaginationD.control
8.A.ideaB.differenceC.talentD.hobby
9.A.showedB.predictedC.expressedD.provided
10.A.nearlyB.probablyC.obviouslyD.finally
答案
1、单项选择1-5BACBC6-10DCBBA
2、完形填空1-5ABDBA6-10ADCAC
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