论环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格问题外文翻译.docx

论环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格问题外文翻译.docx

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论环境公益诉讼的原告主体资格问题外文翻译

"Theplaintiffqualificationofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation"

Environmentalproblemshavebecomewidespreadconcernintwenty-firstCenturynationalproblem.Peopleinmanyconveniencestoenjoyeconomicdevelopmentprogressofscienceandtechnology,domore,alsobegantoreflectonandevenquestionedthe"grace"topaytheprice.Withtheincreasinglysevereenvironmentalpollution,manyindividualcitizens,socialorganizationshaveaccesstojusticeinordertosolvetheglobalproblem,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationandemergeasthetimesrequire.Asanewtypeoflawsuit,itbreaksthroughthelimitationoftraditionallawsuitplaintiffqualifications,playsavitalroleinProtectenvironment,safeguardingthepublicinterest,hasbeenadoptedbymanycountriesintheworld.Thebasicprincipleandthesystembasedontheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation,someproblemsontheplaintiffqualificationof.

Environmentalpublicinterestlitigationreferstotheillegaladministrativeauthoritiesorotherpublicauthorities,companies,enterprisesorotherorganizationsandindividualsoromission,theenvironmentalpublicinteresttosufferinfringeuponoratrisk,thelawpermitsacitizenorgrouptoprotecttheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationtothecourtsystem.SomeAmerica,Britain,thecountrieshaveconfirmedtheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsysteminlegislation.

Characteristicsoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation

Firstofall,fromthelawsuitpurpose,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationfortheplaintifftoallownoninterestedcourtsandcases,safeguardtheinterestsoftheplaintiffthefootholdisnot,butinpromotingpublicwelfare,environmentalprotectionandpublicinterests,advocatedtoenvironmentalpublicinterestsratherthantheinterestsofprivateenvironment.

Secondly,fromthesubjectoflitigation,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationhasbrokenthelimitationbetweentheplaintiffandthecasemusthaveinterest,startingfromtheprotectionofenvironmentalpublicinterestpointofview,toanypersonororganizationinthepublicenvironmentfacingtheriskofharmordamagetothecourttostoporrestrainthedamagetotheright.Environmentalpublicinterestlitigationexpandsthedefinitionoftraditionallitigationsystemoftheplaintiff.

Onceagain,fromthefunctionoflitigation,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationhasobviouspreventionfunction,boththerecoveryfunction.Thattheplaintiffcanbesuedinthepossibilityofenvironmentalpublicinterestthereisdamage,requestthecourttoorderthedefendanttostoprelatedbehavior,withouttheenvironmentaldamagehasoccurredasprerequisiteoflawsuit.

Finally,lookattheeffectfromthelawsuit,environmentalpublicinterestlitigationinvolvingtheinterestsoftherelationshipwiththepublicandcollective,spreadwidely,thecourtinthislitigationthroughthewritofprohibitionordeclaratoryjudgmenttendtoinfluenceandchangethepublicpolicyenvironment.Thisdecisionnotonlyforthecaseofthepeopleinvolvedinthecasehavebindingforce,butalsoinfluenceandguidetothegeneralpublicisnotinvolvedinthecase.

Theconceptofenvironmentalpubliclitigation

Theplaintiffqualificationoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationreferstotheenvironmentaldamageordamage.Whentheenvironmentalpublicinterestlegal,canstartthejudicialremedyprocedurequalification.Differentplaintiffqualificationandplaintiffstatus,qualificationoftheplaintifffromspecificinfringementhasalreadymade,theplaintiffstatusisthelegalstatusofplaintiffqualificationinpeoplewithpropercourtlaterduringthecourseoflitigationhave.

Todeterminethestandardofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationplaintiffqualification

Publicinterestlitigationplaintiffshouldmainlyconsistsofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationpurposeoraimoftheestablishmentofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationtodecide,atthesametimereferenceinterestofotherfactors.Inessence,theproposedsourceofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationintheenvironment,itisthecharacteristicsoftheenvironmentdeterminesthatanyofaresourceoraregionalenvironmentaldamage,willsuffertheentiretyofenvironmentdestruction,anypollutionbehavior,willbeenvironmentalpublicinterestspotentialdamagedirectlyorindirectly.Therefore,todeterminetheplaintiffofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsubjectqualificationoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestmustbeachievedinordertoensuremaximumasthestandard.

Relaxationofenvironmentalpubliclitigationlimit,sothatallinterestedinenvironmentalprotectionunitsandindividualshavethequalificationintheformoflitigationinordertoprotecttheenvironmentalpublicinterest.Inordertoachieveenvironmentalpublicinterestmaximumasthestandardtodeterminetheplaintiffinenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsubjectqualification,whichrequiresinthejudicialpractice,mustbefreefromrestrictionsontheplaintiffqualificationoftheexistingprocedure,toasmanypeopleaspossibletoattractpublicenvironmentprotection,toachieveenvironmentalpublicwelfaremaximuminorderto.

Theplaintiffinenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsubjectrange

Acitizen,legalperson,otherorganization.Inresponsetotheenvironmentalpollutionandthedestructionofnaturalresourcesoftheaction,havethecapacityforcivilrightsandcapacityforcivilconductcitizens,aslongasheandpollutingtheenvironment,naturalresourcesthedestroyerhascertaininterests,whetherthisrelationisactuallyalreadyexistormayoccurinthefuture,aslongasyoucanprovethisinterest,allhavetherighttobringalawsuit.Giveseverycitizenthepreventionandcontrolofenvironmentalpollutionandthedestructionofnaturalresourcesrights,canbetterpreventhazards,protecttheecologicalenvironmentwelivetogether.

Thetwoisapublicbenefitorganizationofenvironmentalprotection.China's"socialorganizationregistersbambooregulations"secondarticle:

asmentionedinthisRegulationreferstothesocialgroup,composedofvoluntaryChinesecitizens,inordertoachieveacommonintentionofmember,accordingtothenonprofitsocialorganizationinitsarticlesofassociationactivities.Therefore,theenvironmentalprotectioncommonwealorganizationgeneralsensecanbedefinedastheestablishment,bynongovernmentalorganizations,individualsinaccordancewithlaw.

Andtohavetheirownindependentregulation,organization,decision-makingproceduresandindependentsourcesoffundingfornon-profitorganizations,publicwelfareactivitiesmainlyengagedinenvironmentalprotectionassociation.Individualcitizensinenvironmentalprotectionaction,ofteninaweakposition,inthiscase,thevigorousdevelopmentofcivilsocietygroups,environmentalorganizations,andthegovernmentandthemarkettobecomethesecondforce,andbecauseofitspublicwelfare,professional,volunteer,democraticparticipation,multiplebenefitrepresentative,canmoreeffectivelytosolvecomplexenvironmentalproblems.Litigiousrightisthusgivenenvironmentalprotectioncommonwealorganizationenvironmentalpublicinterest,haveapositiveandpracticalsignificance.

Thethreeistheprocuratorialorgans.Alwaystheprocuratorialorgansareconsideredtoberepresentativeofthegovernment,isthepublicinterestsmaintenance.Somelocalofficialsinpursuitoftheso-calledachievements,tothelandofchaoschaos,destructionandwasteenvironment.Environmentaladministrativeactionofthegovernmenttomaketheadministrativerelativepersonisveryextensive,althoughtheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationsystemtosolvetheindividualcitizensnotbecauseofdirectinterest,maybringalawsuitforpublicinterests,buttheindividualbehavioroflitigationcostistoohigh.Therefore,anumberofpublicbenefitandnobody'sembarrassment.Sotherecoveryofpublicprosecutionsystem,prosecutionbytherepresentativecountrieshastherightofpublicprosecutionasaprosecutor,canberealizedinpublictobalancepublicpurpose.Inthejudicialpractice,alsohasbeenpresentedbytheprocuratoratethecaseonbehalfofthestateownedassetsfiledpublicinterestlitigationcases.

Otherissuesofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationplaintiffqualification

Theanimalandnaturalobjectsastheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationproblems

Whetherthegivenanimalandnaturewiththeplaintiff'squalification,Chinesescholarsthink:

theanimalandnaturalobjects,theycanbecalledasthemainenvironmentalright,tooearlybuttobecometheplaintiffoftheenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation.ButIthink,fromtheperspectiveoflegalrights,notonlyhastherightsofhumanbeings,inanimateobjectsasthelegalrelationshipbetweenpartiesisnotuncommon,suchasship,company,partnership,theirrightsandobligationsandnotbecausehewouldnotspeak,donotexpressandreduced,widespreadcorporateisfurtherevidencethatdoesnotshortcomingsofitsownexpressionabilitywillbecomeanobstacletotheexerciseoftherights,obligations.Inthespecificoperationcanadoptaflexibleway,asspecifiedinthecourtlitigationguardian,execution,protection,defenselawyersasaparty.

Futuregenerationsastheplaintiffofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationproblems

Scholarshavebeenraised,futuregenerationsshouldbethesubjectsofenvironmentalrights,thereforehavetherighttofileenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation,justiceistheeternalpursuitoflaw,legalproblemsinenvironment