现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时.docx
《现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时
现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时
LT
知识点①:
现在完成时
一.一般现在时用法:
①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:
强调结果
e.g.YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,I havefinished myhomeworknow.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:
强调继续
e.g.I havelived heresince1990.
二. 现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词
三. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He hasfinished thework. 一般疑问句 Has he finished thework?
否定句 He hasnotfinished thework. 两回答 Yes,he has. / No,he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句 What has he done?
四. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
(1)九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾
e.g.Ihave already foundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypen already.
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
e.g.Ihavenotfinishedthework yet.
Haveyouboughtacomputer yet?
③ever曾经 句中 e.g.Haveyou ever seenpandas?
④never从不 句中 e.g.Ihave never beentoBeijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 e.g.Ihave just donemywork.
⑥before以前 句尾 e.g.Ihaveneverbeenthere before.
⑦sofar到目前为止 e.g.Sofar hehaslearnt200words.
⑧howlong多久 e.g.Howlong haveyoulivedhere?
⑨howmanytimes多少次 e.g.Howmanytimes hashebeentoBeijing?
(2)两词组
havegoneto去了某地 例:
He hasgoneto Beijing (去了北京)
havebeento去过某地 例:
He hasbeento Beijing. (去过北京)
(3)两结构
fortwomonths
for+一段时间
Jimhaslivedhere for2months.
sincelastyear
since+过去点时间
LucyhasbeeninBeijing since3yearsago.
since3yearsago
since1990
sincehecamehere
since+过去时态句子
HehasbeeninChina sincehecamehere.
(4)如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。
e.g.Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?
你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?
(5)现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They haveplanted manytrees inthelastfewyears. 在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。
ThisisthebestbookI haveeverread. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
ItisthefirsttimeI haveplayed thecomputergames. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
五. 在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
e.g.Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用, 改正的办法有五种:
① Hehasboughtthebook.. (去掉一段时间for3years)
② Heboughtthebook3yearsago (改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.
(改为固定句型 Itis---since---)
④ Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years. (改为否定句)
A.just B.ago C.before D.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
5、—Ourcountry ______alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.has changed;well B.changed;good
C.has changed;better D.changed;better
6、ZhaoLan______already ______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studying B.will;study
C.has;studied D.are;studying
7、We______Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A.know B.had known C.have known D.knew
8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A. will see B.have seen C.saw D.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States.
—Really?
When_____ there?
A.willthey go B.did they go
C.do they go D.have they gone
10、—______you___your homework yet?
—Yes.I_____ it a moment ago.
A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish
知识点②:
过去完成时
一.过去完成时结构:
had+ 过去分词 。
二.过去完成时的用法:
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态:
即过去的过去
e.g.Whenwegottothestation,thetrain hadleft. 当我到车站的时候,火车已经离开了。
Bytheendoflastweek,he hadlearnt 1000words.
到上个星期尾为止,他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态
e.g.Hesaidthathe hadmade afewfriendssincehecametoChina.
他说自从他来中国,他已经交了几个朋友。
同步练习:
单项选择题:
1.Heaskedme____duringthesummerholidays.
A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone
2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?
A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done
3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。
A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt
4.She_____livedherefor______years.
A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof
5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I____thedinneralready.
AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked
6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealready
A.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen
7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.
A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with
8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he________.
A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversity
C.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity
9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_____theendoflastyear.
A.forB.inC.byD.at
10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.
Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepiano
C.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.
知识点③:
现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
e.g.Thosecatshavebeenscreamingforhours. 那些猫叫了半天了。
二、现在完成进行时的结构:
have/hasbeen+ 现在分词
e.g.Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandahalf. 我一直等了一个半小时了。
三、现在完成进行时主要用法
1. 表示“持续”:
即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。
如:
e.g.Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
e.g.Sheisverytired.She’sbeenworkingallmorning. 她很累。
她干了一早晨了。
2. 表示“重复”
即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
e.g.We’veallalongbeenmakingmistakeslikethis. 我们一直犯这样的错误。
四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:
allday/month; thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+ 时间段;since+时间点;for+ 时间段,等等。
e.g.Hehasbeenworkingallday. 他整天都在工作。
Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。
Hehasbeensleepingfortenhours. 他已经睡了十个小时了。
ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.
自从新年以来,双方就一直在试图联手。
拓展:
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1. 现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。
如:
Hehaschangedhisidea. 他改变了想法。
2. 在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。
因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。
如:
Wehavebeenstudyingherefortwoyears. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在完成进行时却并非如此。
如:
Hehascleanedthewindow. 他把窗户擦干净了。
(动作已完成)
Hehasbeencleaningthewindow. 他一直在擦窗户。
(动作不一定完成)
4. 有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时,一般不能用于现在完成进行时。
如:
Thewarhaslastedforalongtime. 这场战争持续了很长时间。
5. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性:
在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,如expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,snow,stand,stay,study,teach,wait,want,work等。
如:
你学习英语多久了?
正:
HowlonghaveyonlearntEnglish?
正:
HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?
他已经睡了十个小时了。
正:
Hehassleptfortenhours.
正:
Hehasbeensleepingfortenhours.
同步练习:
单项选择题
1. — I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so. He ________ for it for months.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing
2. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_____ English
for a year.
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked
6. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.
A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked
7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.
A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling
8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
9. —______ you ______ him around the museum yet?
(2007江苏) —Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
10. —Hi, Tracy,you look pale.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
四、课堂小结(10分钟)
和学生一起回顾本节课所学知识:
现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时的结构、用法及注意事项。
五、作业布置
一.单项选择题。
1.His father ______the Party since 1978.
A.joined B.hasjoined C.wasin D.has been in
2.—Doyouknowhimwell?
— Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.were B.havebeen C.havebecome D.havemade
3—Howlonghaveyou ____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A. been B.gone C.come D.arrived
4.Hurry up!
The play__________for ten minutes.
A.has begun B. had begun
C.has been on D. began
5. It _____ten years since he left the army.
A.is B.has C.will D.was
6.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?
A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone
7.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.
A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork
8.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.
A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted
9.Benhatesplaying_____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.
A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/
10.Bythetimehewas4,he__