Unit 4从句.docx

上传人:b****6 文档编号:6507568 上传时间:2023-01-07 格式:DOCX 页数:16 大小:33.19KB
下载 相关 举报
Unit 4从句.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共16页
Unit 4从句.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共16页
Unit 4从句.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共16页
Unit 4从句.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共16页
Unit 4从句.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共16页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

Unit 4从句.docx

《Unit 4从句.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Unit 4从句.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Unit 4从句.docx

Unit4从句

Unit4从句

一、名词性从句

一个句子起名词的作用,在句中做主语、宾语/介词宾语、表语、同位语,那么这个句子就是名词性从句。

名词性从句包括:

主语从句(subjectclauses)

宾语从句(objectclause)

表语从句(predicativeclauses)

同位语从句(appositiveclauses)

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

  连接词:

that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)

  连接代词:

what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which

连接副词:

when,where,how,why

eg:

主语从句:

Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck. 他还活着全靠运气。

宾语从句:

JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.

约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

表语从句:

Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

同位语从句:

Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.

近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。

1.同位语从句:

(1)在某些抽象名词后面常用连接词that,有时也用whether/who/when/which/what/where等引出同位语从句,具体说明这些名词的内容。

(2)能接同位语从句的常用名词有:

answer,belief,certainty,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,law,likelihood,message,news,order,opinion,possibility,principle,probability,problem,promise,proof,question,reply,report,rumor,statement,suggestion,thought,truth,etc,eg:

Thenewsthathehaswonthegameisexciting.

Aftercarefulinvestigationtheycametotheconclusionthattheboywasinnocent.

Thereisnodoubtthatit’sgoingtobedifficult.

ThequestionwhethertherearelivingthingsontheMarswillbediscussed.

(3)在以下一些惯用结构中,也可以用同位语从句:

ontheassumptionthat,onconditionthat,despitethefactthat,onthepretencethat,onthesuppositionthat,ontheunderstandingthat,withtheexceptionthat,etc,eg:

JacklentmethemoneyontheconditionthatIpayitbacknextmonth.

(4)同位语从句有时与先行词隔开,注意识别,eg:

Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.

(5)当同位语从句说明advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,requirement,order,decision,desire,idea,opinion,plan等名词时,由that引导的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。

eg:

Thecommandergaveanorderthatthetroops(should)advancetenmiles.

●同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,无具体词义,在从句中也不作任何句子成分,同位语从句是完整的句子;定语从句中that的词义就是其修饰的名词或代词,并且在从句中充当主语或宾语,定语从句是不完整的句子。

ThenewsthatTomisillistrue.

ThenewsthatTomgaveusistrue.

2.宾语从句:

(1)宾语从句的引导词主要有that,连接代词或副词,如what,which,where,how,why,

连词whether/if等。

关系代词what也可引导宾语从句,eg:

IwanttotellyouwhatI’vejustheard.

(2)whatever,whichever,whoever引导的宾语从句,eg:

I’lldowhateveryouwant(meto).

(3)在in,but,except,save少数几个介词后可接that引导的宾语从句,且已成固定搭配,eg:

Thisarticleiswellwrittenexceptthattherearesomemisspelling.

Itisanattractiveinvestmentinthatitistax-free.

这个投资的诱人之处在于它是免税的。

Ofhisearlieryearslittleisknown,savethathestudiedmusic.

人们对于他的早年生活一无所知,只知道他学过音乐。

(4)动词believe,expect,fancy,imagine,suppose,think后的宾语从句如为否定式,一般将否定词转移到主句谓语上,eg:

Idon’tthinkhe’stellingthetruth.

3.主语从句

主语从句通常放在句首,但有时为了保持句子平衡,可用it作形式主语,采用Itis+名词/形容词/分词+主语从句的结构,eg:

Thathewon5milliondollarsturnedouttobeajoke.

Itturnedouttobeajokethathewon5milliondollars.

Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.

It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

4.whether与if在引导名词性从句时的区别

(1)主语从句只能用whether引导;

eg:

Whetherwe’llhavethepicnictomorrowwilldependontheweather.

(2)whether一般多用于宾语从句的肯定式,而if引导的从句可以有否定式;

(3)whetherornot可以连在一起用(ornot只能放在句末),而ifornot则不能;

(4)whether可以引导介词宾语从句,if则不能;

eg:

I’minadilemmaastowhetherIshouldhelphim.

Iamnotinterestedinwhethershewillcome.

(5)宾语从句提至谓语前面时,只能用whether引导;

Eg:

Whetherhewentthere,Idon’tknow.

(6)在question,ask后面一般只用whether,question的同位语从句也用whether引导;

(7)后接不定式时,只能用whether。

5.动词doubt用于肯定句式表示怀疑时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,意为“是否…”用于否定句或疑问句时,其后的宾语从句用that引导,eg:

Idoubtwhetherhecanpasstheexam.

Idon’tdoubtthathecanpasstheexam.

练习:

1.Thepolicemancameuptosee____.

A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterwas

C.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter

2.Itwasnotuntiltheheadmastercame____.

A.andsothestudentsgotdowntowork

B.didthestudentsgetdowntowork

C.thatthestudentsgotdowntowork

D.thenthestudentsgotdowntowork

3.Iwonder____thiskindofmetalcanbeusedintheconstructionindustry.

A.howB.what

C.aboutD.which

4.____Iwantedtosay.

A.SuchwaswhatB.Whatwassuch

C.SuchwasthatD.Thatwassuch

5.Nowordcame____hejoinedtheminplayingfootball.

A.thatB.whether

C.whichD.what

6.Wordcame____shediedofoldage.

A.thatB.which

C.inwhichD.how

7.Thisis____thequestionlies.

A.whatB.that

C.whereD.how

8.Hestoodtherequitestill,____hislipsmovedslightly.

A.exceptforB.except

C.exceptthatD.exceptwhat

9.____isunknowntousall.

A.WhendidshearriveB.Whenshearrived

C.ThatwhenshearrivedD.Inwhichshearrived

10.Idoubt____hewillcometoseeme.

A.whetherB.that

C.whichD.what

11.____Iwastruethatevening.

A.IthappenedtoB.Ithappenedthat

C.ThathappenedD.Itishappenedthat

12.Ihavenodoubt____weshallbeabletodosomethingforyou.

A.whetherB.if

C.thatD.what

13.IwishI____someuse.

A.couldbeofB.couldbe

C.willbeofD.willbe

14.____youhavewrittentheletterinEnglishwillsurpriseyourteacher.

A.WhatB.That

C.WhoD.Howlong

15.Heworkstoohard.Thatis____iswrongwithhim.

A.thatwhichB.thewhat

C.whatD.thethingwhat

16.Wemustdo____theparty____us.

A.as;tellB.as;tells

C.what;tellD.what;tells

17.Itwas____heworkedhardthathesucceeded.

A.becauseB.for

C.asD.since

18.____stillneedstobediscussed.

A.HowistheplantobecarriedoutB.Howtheplanistobecarriedout

C.WhyistheplancarriedoutD.Whytheplancarriedout

19.Lanzhouisnolonger____.

A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitusedtolike

C.likeitusedtobeD.whatitusedto

key:

1-5:

CCAAB

6-10:

ACCBA

11-15:

BCABC

16-19:

BABA

二、关系从句(定语从句)

定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:

who,whom,whose,that,which等。

关系副词有:

when,where,why等。

关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。

例如:

 Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

 Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。

 Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?

 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

1.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别:

(1)非限定性定语从句中,引导词和先行词之间需用逗号隔开;

(2)限定性定语从句是句子不可或缺的部分,去掉会造成句意不清;而非限定性定语从句只起补充说明的作用,其有无对句意影响不大,eg:

Herefusedtorevealthemanwhohadbeatenhimblackandblue.

InolongerliveinBeijing,whereairpollutiondidgreatharmtomyhealth.

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.

(3)非限定性定语从句一般不能用that引导,而要根据情况用who/whom/whose/which引导。

(4)Which引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,eg:

Theycompletedtheprojectaheadofschedule,whichissomethingwehadnotexpected.

HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.

他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.

液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

(5)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

例如:

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.

Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.

2.which/who/whom与that:

(1)在定语从句中作宾语时可省略,eg:

Itistheonlything(that)wecandoforyou.

(2)先行词是不定代词时(all,much,few,little,some,any,none,nothing,something,nothing,everything,anything),只能用that引导,eg:

That’sall(that)Icandoatthemoment.

(3)先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时,关系代词多用who/whom,不用that,eg:

IsthereanyoneherewhocanspeakEnglish?

(4)先行词被形容词最高级及first,last,only,very,no等词修饰时,关系代词一般用that,不用which/who/whom,eg:

HeistheonlypersonthatIdislikeinourclass.

Thisistheverypenthatyouarelookingfor.

(5)有两个或两个以上先行词兼指人和物时,关系代词用that,eg:

Avictimisaperson,animalorthingthatsufferspain,death,harm,etc.

3.as

(1)as同such,thesame,as(so)连用,引导限定性定语从句,eg:

Suchpeopleaswishtoleavemaydosonow.那些想离开的人现在可以走了。

Heisasbraveamanaseverlived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。

Don’treadsuchbooksasarenotworthreading.不要读那些不值得读的书。

Themethodusedintheinspectionshallbethesameasstipulatedinthecontract.

检验所用方法须与合同规定一致。

I’vegotintothesametroubleashe(has).我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。

(2)as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句,但as在句中的位置比较灵活,可出现

在句首、句中、句末,而which只能出现在句末,尤其是当先行词是整个句子时,eg:

Asistrueinallinstitutions,juriesarecapableofmakingmistakes.

Asisgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

Thetelephone,asweallknow,wastheinventionofBell.

MoreAmericantroopsarebeingsenttotheMiddleEast,asIhavelearnedfromthenewspaper.

常见的这类结构有:

ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenmentionedabove,ascanbeimagined,asisknowntoall,ashasbeenannounced,ascanbeseenfromthesefigures,asmight/couldbeexpected,asisoftenthecase,ashasbeenpointedout,asoftenhappens,aswillbeshown等。

4.whose

whose与名词搭配使用时,可以引导定语从句,在句中作主语或宾语;whose既可指人也可指物,eg:

Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisunoccupied.那间玻璃碎了的屋子没有人住。

5.关系副词where/when/why引导定语从句:

(1)关系副词在定语从句中只作状语:

why(forwhich),where(at/inwhich),when(during/onwhich),eg:

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.

(2)where引导定语从句,相当于in/atwhich,eg:

ThisistheroomwhereIwasborntenyearsago.

Theaccidenthasreachedtoapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.

事情发展到如此程度,不得不请双方家长来一趟了。

He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontroloverthe

plane.他发现他到了有可能会失去控制飞机的地步。

6.介词+whom/which结构

(1)这些介词大多是定语从句中某个词或短语的习惯搭配,eg:

Wearenotconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthepsycho

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 幼儿教育

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1