最新中学1718学年下学期高一期末考试英语试题附答案2.docx

最新中学1718学年下学期高一期末考试英语试题附答案2.docx

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最新中学1718学年下学期高一期末考试英语试题附答案2

市一中2017～2018学年度第二学期期末考试试题

英语

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共70分）

第一部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）

阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

EarnMoneyThisSummerwithSunnyLibraries!

Doyouhavetoomuchfreetimethissummervacation?

Doyouneedasummerjobtoearnextramoney?

Doyouwanttobeinvolvedinyourcommunity（社区）?

SunnyAreaLibrarySystem（SALS）hasjobopportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Thesearegoodchancestogetworkexperience.

BookTheaterbringschildren’sbookstoriestolife.IthasshowsatallSunnyLibraries.Applicantsshouldenjoyperforminginfrontofanaudienceandworkingwithyoungchildren.

WorkHours:

Practice:

Fridays4:

00pm—6:

00pm

Performance:

Tuesdays10:

00am

RateofPay:

$16/performance

ComputerTutorhelpsgueststodealwithtechnologyproblems,involvingInternetsearchesandusingtheSALSWebsitetofindmaterials.Applicantsshouldhavecomputerskills.

WorkHours:

Monday—Friday9:

00am—5:

00pm

RateofPay:

$8/hour

Bookmobilehelpsthedriverfindtheroutestolibraries.Thetruckyouworkinisair-conditioned,andthedriverisfriendly.Applicantsmustbeabletoliftheavyboxes.

WorkHours:

SundayandFriday9:

00am—4:

00pm

RateofPay:

$10/hour

ReaderDeskprovidesservicewithasmilewhilecheckingmaterialsinandouttoguests.Friendlyattitudeandabilitytoworkonlibrarydatasystemrequired.

WorkHours:

Monday—Tuesday8:

00am—4:

00pm

RateofPay:

$7.50/hour

1.Ifyouareinterestedinacting,_________shouldbeyourchoice.

A.BookTheaterB.Bookmobile

C.ComputerTutorD.ReaderDesk

2.Ifyougetthejobof“Bookmobile”,youareexpectedto_________.

A.workwithyoungchildrenB.checkmaterialsforguests

C.liftheavyboxesD.repaircomputers

3.Thepurposeoftheadvertisementisto_________.

A.attractstudentstolibrariesB.offerjobopportunities

C.raisemoneyforlibrariesD.introducenewbooks

B

It's3o'clockandyou'vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn't.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.

ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone（荷尔蒙）sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.

Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivates（使活跃）brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.Becauseofthis,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure.   

Ina2007study,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthat“dietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcraving.”So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fastingisabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.

   So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecial,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.

4.Theauthordescribestwosituationsinthefirstparagraphto_______.

A. remindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.B. deepentheunderstandingofhunger.

C. reportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.D.introducethetopicofthewholepassage.

5.Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcraving?

A. Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings.B. Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.

C. Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell.D. Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.

6.What'sthelikelyresultofdieting?

A. Thedecreaseofchemicals.                B. Theincreaseoffooddesire.

C. Therefusaloffatandsugar.              D. Thedisappearanceofappetite.

7.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyouseethispassage?

A. Education             B. Entertainment

C. Science         D. Economy

C

Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatitisbynomeansaneasytasktobringupachildwell.Andourancestorsalreadyunderstooditwell.Asanoldproverbsays,“Ittakesanentirevillagetoraiseachild.”Thatisbeingquotedmoreandmoreoftenthesedays.AndI’mpleasedaboutthat.

Parentsneedtobeinvolvedintheirchildren’seducationinmanyways.Helpingchildrenwithhomeworkandstudying,goingonafieldtrip,teachingacraftorcoachingachild’ssportsteamareallgreatwaystobeinvolvedwithyourchild’seducation.Anddon’tforgettocommunicatewithteachers—theyneedandrespectyourinput.Studiesshowthatchildrenlearnmoreandschoolsfunctionbetterwhenparentsandschoolsworktogether.

Communitiescanhelpchildrencreateandachievenewgoals.Thereareotherwayssuchashelpingwithhomework.readingtoachild,coachingachildren’steam,providingemotionalsupport,helpingsolveproblemsandbuildingself-esteem（自尊）.Kidsneedrolemodelsandadviserscanberolemodelsbysharingtheirexperiencesandwisdom.

Businessescanalsohelpshapeourchildren’sfuture—inviteaclassfromyourlocalschooltovisityourworkplace.Youmaybeprovidingaglimpsethatopensanewworldofpossibilities.Showstudentswhatgoesonduringatypicalday.Giveaminicourseforstudents:

howproductsaremade;howmachineryworks.Youmayhaveadevelopingelectrician,ateacher,anurse,orevenanewspaperreporteronyourhands.

Itreallydoestakeanentirevillagetoraiseachild.Sosharetheresponsibility－andthejoy—ofbringingachildtohisorherfullpotential.

8.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?

A.Raisingachildwellneedsvariousefforts.

B.Communitiesplayanimportantpartinraisingachild.

C.Ourancestorsraisedachildbyusingthewholevillage’sfood.

D.Peopleinthesamevillageshouldtakecareofachildtogether.

9.Whichofthefollowinghastheauthorstressedinthetext?

A.Familyeducation.B.Schooleducation.

C.Life-longeducation.D.Earlychildhoodeducation.

10.Theauthorthinksvisitingtheworkplacecanhaveaneffectonchildren’s.

A.talentB.healthC.gradesD.occupations

11.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhisresearchoneducation.

B.Tocallformoreattentiontochildren.

C.Tomakeexamplesofeducationreform.

D.Tointroducesomewaystoteachchildrenwell.

D

Sittingtoomuchislinkedtochangesinasectionofthebrainthatisimportantformemory,accordingtoarecentstudybyUCLAresearchersofmiddle-agedandolderadults.

Studiesshowthattoomuchsitting,likesmoking,increasestheriskofheartdisease,diabetesandprematuredeath.ResearchersatUCLAwanttoseehowsedentarybehavior（sittingforlongperiodsoftime）influencesthehealthofthebrain,especiallyregionsofthebrainthatareimportanttomemoryformation.

UCLAresearchersgathered35peopleaged45to75andaskedabouttheirphysicalactivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhoursperdaytheyspentsittingoverthepreviouswork.Eachpersonhadahigh-resolutionMRI（热分辨磁共振成像）scan,whichprovidesadetailedlookatthemedialtemporallobe,orMTL,abrainregioninvolvedintheformationofnewmemories.

TheresearchersfoundthatsedentarybehaviorisanimportantpredictorofthinningoftheMTLandthatphysicalactivity,evenathighlevels,isnotenoughtocompensatetheharmfuleffectsofsittingforlongperiods.

“Thisstudydoesnotprovethattoomuchsittingcausesthinnerbrainstructures,butinsteadthatmorehoursspentsittingareassociatedwiththinnerregions,”researcherssaid.Inaddition,theresearchersfocusedonthehoursspentsitting,butdidnotaskparticipantsiftheytookbreaksduringthistime.

Theresearchersnexthopetofollowagroupofpeopleforalongerdurationtodetermineifsittingcausesthethinningandwhatrolegender（性別）,race,andweightmightplayinbrainhealthrelatedtositting.

“MTLthinningcanbeanindicationofcognitive（认知的）declineinmiddle-agedandolderadults.ReducingsedentarybehaviormaybeapossibletargetformeasuresdesignedtoimprovebrainhealthinpeopleatriskforAlzheimer（阿尔茨海默）disease,”researcherssaid.

12.WhatisthestudydonebyUCLAmainlyintendedtofindout?

A.Whatharmsittingtoomuchcauses.B.Whysittingtoomuchislikesmoking.

C.Howtoomuchsittingaffectsbrainhealth.D.Whethertoomuchsittingcausesearlydeath

13.Participantswerescannedbyahigh-resolutionMRIto.

A.evaluatetheirmemorylossB.examinetheirMTLconditions

C.recordtheirphysicalactivitylevelsD.recordthelengthoftimefortheirsitting

14.WhatdoUCLAresearchersthinkoftheirstudy?

A.Itisagreatsuccess.B.Itisoflittlepracticalvalue.

C.Itmusttargettheyoung.D.Itstillneedstobeimproved.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LongSittingIsBadforYourBrainB.HowtoImproveBrainHealth

C.SittingCausesManyHealthProblemsD.AnEasyWaytoPreventMemoryLoss

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Beingsmartisnotonlyanicebonusbutalsoanecessity.Theg