最新中学1718学年下学期高一期末考试英语试题附答案2.docx
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最新中学1718学年下学期高一期末考试英语试题附答案2
市一中2017~2018学年度第二学期期末考试试题
英语
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共70分)
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题,每题2分,满分30分)
阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
EarnMoneyThisSummerwithSunnyLibraries!
Doyouhavetoomuchfreetimethissummervacation?
Doyouneedasummerjobtoearnextramoney?
Doyouwanttobeinvolvedinyourcommunity(社区)?
SunnyAreaLibrarySystem(SALS)hasjobopportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Thesearegoodchancestogetworkexperience.
BookTheaterbringschildren’sbookstoriestolife.IthasshowsatallSunnyLibraries.Applicantsshouldenjoyperforminginfrontofanaudienceandworkingwithyoungchildren.
WorkHours:
Practice:
Fridays4:
00pm—6:
00pm
Performance:
Tuesdays10:
00am
RateofPay:
$16/performance
ComputerTutorhelpsgueststodealwithtechnologyproblems,involvingInternetsearchesandusingtheSALSWebsitetofindmaterials.Applicantsshouldhavecomputerskills.
WorkHours:
Monday—Friday9:
00am—5:
00pm
RateofPay:
$8/hour
Bookmobilehelpsthedriverfindtheroutestolibraries.Thetruckyouworkinisair-conditioned,andthedriverisfriendly.Applicantsmustbeabletoliftheavyboxes.
WorkHours:
SundayandFriday9:
00am—4:
00pm
RateofPay:
$10/hour
ReaderDeskprovidesservicewithasmilewhilecheckingmaterialsinandouttoguests.Friendlyattitudeandabilitytoworkonlibrarydatasystemrequired.
WorkHours:
Monday—Tuesday8:
00am—4:
00pm
RateofPay:
$7.50/hour
1.Ifyouareinterestedinacting,_________shouldbeyourchoice.
A.BookTheaterB.Bookmobile
C.ComputerTutorD.ReaderDesk
2.Ifyougetthejobof“Bookmobile”,youareexpectedto_________.
A.workwithyoungchildrenB.checkmaterialsforguests
C.liftheavyboxesD.repaircomputers
3.Thepurposeoftheadvertisementisto_________.
A.attractstudentstolibrariesB.offerjobopportunities
C.raisemoneyforlibrariesD.introducenewbooks
B
It's3o'clockandyou'vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn't.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.
ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone(荷尔蒙)sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.
Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivates(使活跃)brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.Becauseofthis,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure.
Ina2007study,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthat“dietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcraving.”So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fastingisabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.
So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecial,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.
4.Theauthordescribestwosituationsinthefirstparagraphto_______.
A. remindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.B. deepentheunderstandingofhunger.
C. reportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.D.introducethetopicofthewholepassage.
5.Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcraving?
A. Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings.B. Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.
C. Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell.D. Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.
6.What'sthelikelyresultofdieting?
A. Thedecreaseofchemicals. B. Theincreaseoffooddesire.
C. Therefusaloffatandsugar. D. Thedisappearanceofappetite.
7.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyouseethispassage?
A. Education B. Entertainment
C. Science D. Economy
C
Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatitisbynomeansaneasytasktobringupachildwell.Andourancestorsalreadyunderstooditwell.Asanoldproverbsays,“Ittakesanentirevillagetoraiseachild.”Thatisbeingquotedmoreandmoreoftenthesedays.AndI’mpleasedaboutthat.
Parentsneedtobeinvolvedintheirchildren’seducationinmanyways.Helpingchildrenwithhomeworkandstudying,goingonafieldtrip,teachingacraftorcoachingachild’ssportsteamareallgreatwaystobeinvolvedwithyourchild’seducation.Anddon’tforgettocommunicatewithteachers—theyneedandrespectyourinput.Studiesshowthatchildrenlearnmoreandschoolsfunctionbetterwhenparentsandschoolsworktogether.
Communitiescanhelpchildrencreateandachievenewgoals.Thereareotherwayssuchashelpingwithhomework.readingtoachild,coachingachildren’steam,providingemotionalsupport,helpingsolveproblemsandbuildingself-esteem(自尊).Kidsneedrolemodelsandadviserscanberolemodelsbysharingtheirexperiencesandwisdom.
Businessescanalsohelpshapeourchildren’sfuture—inviteaclassfromyourlocalschooltovisityourworkplace.Youmaybeprovidingaglimpsethatopensanewworldofpossibilities.Showstudentswhatgoesonduringatypicalday.Giveaminicourseforstudents:
howproductsaremade;howmachineryworks.Youmayhaveadevelopingelectrician,ateacher,anurse,orevenanewspaperreporteronyourhands.
Itreallydoestakeanentirevillagetoraiseachild.Sosharetheresponsibility-andthejoy—ofbringingachildtohisorherfullpotential.
8.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?
A.Raisingachildwellneedsvariousefforts.
B.Communitiesplayanimportantpartinraisingachild.
C.Ourancestorsraisedachildbyusingthewholevillage’sfood.
D.Peopleinthesamevillageshouldtakecareofachildtogether.
9.Whichofthefollowinghastheauthorstressedinthetext?
A.Familyeducation.B.Schooleducation.
C.Life-longeducation.D.Earlychildhoodeducation.
10.Theauthorthinksvisitingtheworkplacecanhaveaneffectonchildren’s.
A.talentB.healthC.gradesD.occupations
11.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Toshowhisresearchoneducation.
B.Tocallformoreattentiontochildren.
C.Tomakeexamplesofeducationreform.
D.Tointroducesomewaystoteachchildrenwell.
D
Sittingtoomuchislinkedtochangesinasectionofthebrainthatisimportantformemory,accordingtoarecentstudybyUCLAresearchersofmiddle-agedandolderadults.
Studiesshowthattoomuchsitting,likesmoking,increasestheriskofheartdisease,diabetesandprematuredeath.ResearchersatUCLAwanttoseehowsedentarybehavior(sittingforlongperiodsoftime)influencesthehealthofthebrain,especiallyregionsofthebrainthatareimportanttomemoryformation.
UCLAresearchersgathered35peopleaged45to75andaskedabouttheirphysicalactivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhoursperdaytheyspentsittingoverthepreviouswork.Eachpersonhadahigh-resolutionMRI(热分辨磁共振成像)scan,whichprovidesadetailedlookatthemedialtemporallobe,orMTL,abrainregioninvolvedintheformationofnewmemories.
TheresearchersfoundthatsedentarybehaviorisanimportantpredictorofthinningoftheMTLandthatphysicalactivity,evenathighlevels,isnotenoughtocompensatetheharmfuleffectsofsittingforlongperiods.
“Thisstudydoesnotprovethattoomuchsittingcausesthinnerbrainstructures,butinsteadthatmorehoursspentsittingareassociatedwiththinnerregions,”researcherssaid.Inaddition,theresearchersfocusedonthehoursspentsitting,butdidnotaskparticipantsiftheytookbreaksduringthistime.
Theresearchersnexthopetofollowagroupofpeopleforalongerdurationtodetermineifsittingcausesthethinningandwhatrolegender(性別),race,andweightmightplayinbrainhealthrelatedtositting.
“MTLthinningcanbeanindicationofcognitive(认知的)declineinmiddle-agedandolderadults.ReducingsedentarybehaviormaybeapossibletargetformeasuresdesignedtoimprovebrainhealthinpeopleatriskforAlzheimer(阿尔茨海默)disease,”researcherssaid.
12.WhatisthestudydonebyUCLAmainlyintendedtofindout?
A.Whatharmsittingtoomuchcauses.B.Whysittingtoomuchislikesmoking.
C.Howtoomuchsittingaffectsbrainhealth.D.Whethertoomuchsittingcausesearlydeath
13.Participantswerescannedbyahigh-resolutionMRIto.
A.evaluatetheirmemorylossB.examinetheirMTLconditions
C.recordtheirphysicalactivitylevelsD.recordthelengthoftimefortheirsitting
14.WhatdoUCLAresearchersthinkoftheirstudy?
A.Itisagreatsuccess.B.Itisoflittlepracticalvalue.
C.Itmusttargettheyoung.D.Itstillneedstobeimproved.
15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.LongSittingIsBadforYourBrainB.HowtoImproveBrainHealth
C.SittingCausesManyHealthProblemsD.AnEasyWaytoPreventMemoryLoss
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Beingsmartisnotonlyanicebonusbutalsoanecessity.Theg