浙江农林大学英语读写译第二单元重点语言点总结.docx

浙江农林大学英语读写译第二单元重点语言点总结.docx

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浙江农林大学英语读写译第二单元重点语言点总结

UnitTwo

NeatPeoplevs.SloppyPeople

I.DifficultSentences

1.（Para.1） Thedistinctionis,asalways,moral.

1）Whatdoes“asalways”meaninthissentence?

“Asalways”means“inawaythatisexpectedbecauseitusuallyhappenslike

that”.

2）Whatdoesthesentenceimplyabouttheauthor?

Thesentenceimpliestwothingsabouttheauthor:

a）Theauthorseemstothinkthatmostdistinctionsbetweenpeoplearemoral.

b）Theauthorintendstousethissentenceasaforeshadowingofwhatistobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs,thatis,thedifferencebetweenneatpeopleandsloppypeopleintermsofmorality.

2.（Para.2）Theirsloppinessismerelytheunfortunateconsequenceoftheirextrememoralrectitude.

1）Paraphrasethesentence.

Theirsloppinesssimplyresultsfromtheirstrongsenseofmoralityandhigh

standards.

2）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

他们之所以邋遢，纯粹是因为过于公正而导致的不良后果。

3.（Para.2）Sloppypeoplecarryintheirmind’seyeaheavenlyvision,apreciseplanthatissostupendous,soperfect,itcan’tbeachievedinthisworldorthenext.

1）Whatgrammaticalstructureisthepart“apreciseplanthatissostupendous,

soperfect”?

Thepartservesastheappositionof“aheavenlyvision”.

2）Whatdoes“it”referto?

“It”refersto“aheavenlyvision”,“apreciseplan”.

3）Paraphrasethepart“Sloppypeoplecarryintheirmind’seyeaheavenly

vision.”

Sloppypeoplehaveintheirimaginationanidealizedpicture,asbeautifulas

heaven,ofwhattheworldshouldbelike.

4.（Para.3）Somedayistheirmétier.

1）Paraphrasethesentence.

Theyareverygoodatmakingplansforthefutureanditistheirhabittoput

everythingofftillsomedaythatwillnevercome.

2）WhatisthefunctionofthesentenceinParagraph3?

Thesentencefunctionsasthetopicsentence,establishingthefocusof

Paragraph3.

3）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

他们的拿手好戏就是筹划有朝一日该怎么办。

5.（Para.4）Forallthesenoblereasonsandmore,sloppypeoplenevergetneat.

1）Whatdoes“thesenoblereasons”referto?

Canyoulist“more”reasonsforthe

messofsloppypeople?

“Thesenoblereasons”referstothereasonsdiscussedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.Tobeexact,itreferstothefactsthat1）sloppypeoplehaveextrememoralrectitude;2）sloppypeopleholdaheavenlyvision;3）sloppypeopleliveinNever-NeverLand.“More”reasonsmightbethat1）sloppypeopleaimtoohighandwide;2）sloppypeoplecan’tbeartopartwithanything.

2）Howdoyouunderstandtheuseoftheword“noble”inthesentence?

Originally“noble”means“havingorshowinganexcellentcharacter”.Hereitisusedtoachievetherhetoricaleffectsofemphasisandhumorandhenceshouldn’tbetakenliterally.

6.（Para.5）Fourhoursortwoweeks…beforehethrowsthemaway.

1）Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardssloppypeoplefromthe

sentence?

Wecanlearnthattheauthorisquiteunderstandingandsupportivewithregardtothemessofsloppypeopleassheistryingtojustifytheirsloppinessinthissentence.

2）Howdoestheauthorconveythisattitude?

Theauthorconveysthisattitudemainlythroughherdiction.Sheemploystwowords“meticulously”and“scrupulously”whichareoftenusedcomplimentarilytoshowherapprovalandevenappreciationofsloppypeople.

7.（Para.5）Aneatpersonwouldjustbulldozethedesk.

1）Whatdoes“bulldozethedesk”suggestaboutneatpeople?

“Bulldozethedesk”means“moveallthethingsoffthedesk”.Thephrasevividlyspreadsbeforethereaders’eyestheimageofneatpeoplewho,unlikesloppypeoplegivinglovingattentiontoeverydetail,areapathyandcold-heartedwithoutbotheringtogetattachedtoeverythingtheycomeincontactwith.

2）Whatisthefunctionofthesentenceinthetext?

Thesentenceservesasatransitionalsentence,helpingtheauthorshiftfromdiscussiononsloppypeopletodiscussiononneatpeople,thusachievingcoherenceofthetext.

8.（Para.6）Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.

1）Paraphrasethesentence.

Neatpeopleareinfactlazy,stupidandincapableofdoinganythingwell.

2）Whichfigureofspeechisusedinthesentence?

Whatdoyouknowaboutit?

Ahyperboleisusedhere.Hyperboleisaformoffigurativelanguage;itisobviousandintentionalexaggerationoroverstatement.Heretheauthorusesthehyperboletoconveyherdisparagingattitudetowardsneatpeopleandcreatestrongimpressionsonthereaders’minds.

9.（Para.8）Theonlythingmessyintheneatpeople’shouseisthetrashcan.

1）Whatmakesthetrashcanintheneatpeople’shousemessy?

Thetrashcanismessybecausetheminutesomethingcomestohishand,aneatpersonwillthrowitinthetrashafterfindingitisofnouse.

2）Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’stonefromthesentence?

Thesentenceisavividproofoftheauthor’shumorousandsarcastictone.Evidentlytheauthorgoestoextremestocreateemphasis,humor,andatongue-in-cheeklanguagestyle.

10.（Para.9）That’sit.

Explaintheusageof“that’sit”.

“That’sit”isaninformalexpressionusedtosaythat1）somethinghasended;moreexamples:

That’sit;Idon’tlikeyouanymore,andyoureallymakemesick.就是这样，我不喜欢你了，你实在让我恶心。

That’sit!

I’mnotputtingupwithanymoreofherrudeness.够了，我再也不能忍受她的粗鲁无理。

2）somethingiscorrect;moreexamples:

That’sit,wehaven’tgotenoughmoneyforthecomputers.是的，我们没有足够的钱买电脑。

—Hehopestobeateacher,buthe’stooshort.他想当老师，但他太矮了。

—That’sit.对，问题就在这儿。

11.（Para.9）Nosentimentalsalvagingofbirthdaycardsorthelastletteradyingrelativeeverwrote.

1）Completethesentencebyaddingtheomittedparttoit.

Thereisnosentimentalsalvagingofbirthdaycardsorthelastletteradyingrelativeeverwrote.

2）Whatdoesthesentenceimplyaboutneatpeople?

Itimpliesthatneatpeoplearequiteinsensitiveandapatheticsincetheyruthlesslythrowawaybirthdaycardsandthelastletterofadyingrelative,whicharethemostprecioustreasuresinordinarypeople’seyes.Besides,thesentenceservesasasupportingdetailandanechototheauthor’sstatement“Neatpeoplearebumsandclodsatheart.”

3）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

他们决不会多愁善感地留着生日贺卡或某位亲戚的临终绝笔。

12.（Para.12）Neatpeoplecutacleanswaththroughtheorganicaswellastheinorganicworld.

1）Paraphrasethesentence.

Neatpeopleremoveordestroyallthethingsthatareintheirwaywhethertheyareorganicthingsorinorganicthings.

2）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

有机物也好，无机物也罢，整洁人都夷平了事。

II.WordsandExpressions

1.（Para.1）sloppy:

adj.

1）（ofaperson）carelessanduntidyindress,orinthewayofdoingthings

*Somestudentswilldosloppyworkunlesstheteacherprodsthemtowrite

neatly.

*Hisbrainisnonetoosmall,butheisweakinmemoryandsloppyinthinking.

*如果你的工作总是邋邋遢遢的，你的老板是不会喜欢你的表现的。

（Yourbosswillnot

behappywithyourperformanceifyourworkisalwayssloppy.）

2）wetorsmearedwithaspilledliquidormoistmaterial

*Adarkroomcanbecomeaverysloppyplacetoworkin. 

*天一直在下雪，雪又一直在融化，街上泥泞不堪。

（Ithadbeensnowingandthawing

andthestreetsweresloppy.）

2.（Para.2）rectitude:

n.[fml]moralcorrectnessorstraightforwardness

*Honestyandrectitudearetwooftheaspectsforthejudgmentofsocialmoral

standards.

*切勿偏离真理和正义之道。

（Nevergoasidefromthepathoftruthandrectitude.）

3.（Para.2）inone’smind’seye:

inone’simagination;inone’smemory

*Inmymind’seye,IcanstillseethehousewhereIwasborn.

*在看过建筑师的设计图后，他很容易想像出房子完工时的模样。

（Afterlookingatthe

architect’splans,itwaseasyforhimtoseethecompletedhouseinhismind’s

eye.）

Collocations:

atthebackofone’smind在内心深处

inone’srightmind神志清醒的

beoutofone’smind发疯，发狂

beonone’smind为某事担忧

4.（Para.2） vision:

n.

1）anideaorapictureinone’simagination

*Romanticvisionsofmarriedblissfloatedbeforehiseyes.

*我在梦幻中见到了世界末日。

（Isawavisionoftheendoftheworld.）

2）foresightandwisdominplanningthefuture

*Heisasuccessfulenterpriserwithabreadthofvision.

*有些生意人因为视野狭窄，不能顺应局势的变化。

（Somebusinessmencannot

adapttochangebecausetheyhavetunnelvision.）

3）theabilitytosee;sight

*Adefectofvisionpreventedhimfromfocusingaccurately.

*有些人可以通过外科手术恢复视力。

（Somepeoplecanhavetheirvisionrestored

byasurgicaloperation.）

Collocations:

havevisionof想象到，幻想

beyondone’svision在视野之外，看不见的

broadenone’svision开阔眼界

tunnelvision井蛙之见

点击查看……

CF:

vision,illusion,imagination&fantasy

这四个名词均有“想象、幻想”之意。

vision指对美好事物的“憧憬，幻想”或指“理想世界”，也可指对未来的构想或先

见之明。

illusion指“幻觉，错觉”，强调虚幻事物的逼真性，也可指不切实际的想法。

imagination指较高层次，有创造性的想象能力，着重指根据现实创造性地构思新的想象。

fantasy指脱离现实的空想或狂想，有时怪得有趣，或古怪奇异。

Directions:

Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1）Hertalkcapturedthe______ofthewholeclass.（imagination）

2）AChineselandscapepaintingoftengivesa（n）______ofdistance.（illusion）

3）His_____wasambitious,butnotbeyondthedreamsofapracticalman.（vision）

4）Mostpeopleareunderthe____thatacollegedegreeguaranteessuccess.（illusion）

5）Anamusementparkfulloffiguresfromfairytalesmaybecalled“____Land”.（Fantasy）

5.（Para.2）precise:

adj.

1）sharplyexactoraccurateordelimited

*I’mnotclearabouttheprecisebearingofthewordinthispassage.

*Doctorsfoundithardtoestablishtheprecisenatureofherillness.

*我们要为明年定出准确的销售指标。

（Wemustsetourselvesprecisesalestargets

forthecomingyear.）

2）（ofaperson,mind,etc.）takingcaretobeexactandaccurate,esp.aboutminor

details

*TheNewYorkritualwaspreciseandinflexibleinsuchmatters.

*他的一言一行都有板有眼。

（Hewasverypreciseinhismanners.）

CF :

precise,accurat