英语专业四级考试历年听写.docx
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英语专业四级考试历年听写
专业四级考试听写评分规范
1.听写共分15小节,每节1分,扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。
大错误下面画线。
小错误用圆圈表示,重复错误用三角记号表示。
2.每节最多扣1分。
3.重复错误,仅扣一次分。
4.错误共分两类:
小错误(minormistakes)和大错误(majormistakes),分别扣0.25分和0.5分。
A.小错误:
1)单词拼写错一到两个字母。
例:
steadily→staedily;harbor→habor
两个字母以下的词、次序颠倒算小错。
2)标点符号错误(含大小写)。
例:
WorldWarI→worldwarone
andthenadopted→.Andthenadopted
3)冠词、单复数错误。
例:
untilthebeginning→untilbeginning。
parent→parents
4)小错误扣分规范:
小错误在一节中出现一次,留作总计;出现两次:
扣0.5分;出现三次:
扣0.5分后留作总计;出现四次:
扣1分。
5)未扣分小错误的扣分规范:
累计2~4个:
扣0.5分
累计5~8个:
扣1分
B.大错误:
漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)、大移位、时态错误,每个错误扣0.5分。
例:
loved→love;task—test;trip—trap;flee—flea;havefinished—finsh(ed)
5.一些特例的扣分规范:
下列情况不扣分:
WorldWarI→WorldWarOne
racecar→racecar
well-balanced→wellbalanced
90percent→90%
6.总分只有0.5分时,以1分计算;其余总分中如含小数点的,小数舍去,保留整数,如12.5→12;7.5→7
7.空白卷一律打0分。
英语专业四级考试历年听写原文
(1993年——2006年)
PackageHolidays(1993)
Packageholidays,coveringatwoweeks'stayinanattractiveplace,areincreasinglypopular.Onceyougettotheairport,itisuptothetouroperatortoseethatyougetsafelytoyourdestination.Everythingislaidonforyou.Thereis,infact,noreasonforyoutobothertoarrangeanythingyourselves.Youmakefriendsandhaveagoodtime.Butthereisverylittlechancethatyouwillreallygettoknowthelocalpeople.Thisisevenlesslikelyonacoachtour,whenyouspendalmostyourentiretimetraveling.Ofcourse,therearecarefullyplannedstopsforyoutovisithistoricbuildingsandmonuments.Youmayvisitthebeautiful,thehistoric,theancient.Buttimeisalwaysshort.Thereisalsotheaddeddisadvantageofbeingobligedtospendyouholidaywithagroupofpeopleyouhavenevermetbefore.
TheAmericanFamily(1994)
TheAmericanfamilyunitischanging.Thereusedtobemainlytwotypesoffamilies,theextendedandthenuclear.Theformerincludedmother,father,children,andsomeotherrelativessuchasgrandparents,livinginthesamehouseornearby.Thenastheeconomyprogressedfromagriculturaltoindustrial,peoplebeganmovingtodifferentpartsofthecountryinordertosearchforjobopportunities.Thesemovessplituptheextendedfamily.Thenuclearfamilyconsistingofonlyparentsandchildrenhasthereforebecomefarmorewidespread.Today’sfamily,however,canbecomposedofdiversecombinations.Withthedivorceratenearlyoneintwo,there'sanincreaseinsingle-parenthomes—afatherormotherlivingwithoneormorechildren.Blendedfamiliesoccurwhendivorcedmenandwomenremarryandcombinethechildrenfromformermarriagesintoanewfamily.Ontheotherhand,thereisanincreaseinchildlesscoupleswhileoneinriveAmericanslivesalone.
UnidentifiedFlyingObjects(1995)
TherearemanyexplanationsforwhyUFOsvisittheEarth./Themostpopularoneisthattheymaybevisitorsfromotherplanets./Toflysuchaircraft,theirbuildersmustdevelopdifferentformsofaviation,/becausetheyseemtoflymuchfasterthannormalaircraft./TheUFOs,itisbelieved,mustcontainscientists/fromotherplanetswhoarestudyinglifeonearth./Itisevenbelievedthatseveralsuchaircraftmayhavelandedonearth/andthespacevisitorsmaybelivingamongstus./Buttherearealsolessfantasticexplanationsavailable./AlthoughsomesightingsofUFOsaredifficulttoexplain,mostcanbeexplainedquiteeasily./Inmanycasestheobserversmighthavemadeamistake./Theymighthaveseenaweatherballoonoranaircraft./Orthelighttheysawintheskymighthavebeenlightfromtheground,/reflectedontotheclouds./However,theexactcauseofmanysightingsstillremainedamystery.
TheIndianMedicineMan(1996)
AmongtheIndiansofNorthAmerica,themedicinemanwasaveryimportantperson.Hecouldcureillnessandhecouldspeaktothespirits.Thespiritswerethesupernaturalforcesthatcontrolledtheworld.TheIndiansbelievedthatbadspiritsmadepeopleill.Sowhenpeoplewereill,themedicinemantriedtohelpthembyusingmagic.Hespoketothegoodspiritsandaskedfortheirhelp.Manypeoplewerecured,becausetheythoughtthespiritswerehelpingthem,butreallythesepeoplecuredthemselves.Sometimesyourownmindisthebestdoctorforyou.Themedicinemenwereoftensuccessfulforanotherreason,too.Theyknewaboutplantsthatreallycancureillness.Alotofmedicinesaremadefromtheplantsthatwereusedbymedicinemenhundredofyearsago.
LegalAgeforMarriage(1997)
ThroughouttheUnitedStates,thelegalageformarriageshowssomedifference.Themostcommonagewithoutparents’consentis18forbothfemalesandmales.However,personswhoareunderageintheirhomestatecangetmarriedinanotherstate,andthenreturntothehomestatelegallymarried.Eachstateissuesitsownmarriagelicense.Bothresidentsandnon-residentsarequalifiedforsuchalicense.Thefeesandceremoniesvarygreatlyfromstatetostate.Moststates,forinstance,haveabloodtestrequirement,butafewdonot.Moststatespermiteitheracivilorreligiousceremony,butafewrequiretheceremonytobereligious.Inmoststatesawaitingperiodisrequiredbeforethelicenseisissued.Thisperiodisfromonetofivedaysdependingonthestate.Athree-day-waitisthemostcommon.Insomestatesthereisnorequiredwaitingperiod.
TheRailwaysinBritain(1998)
Thesuccessofearlyrailways,suchasthelinesbetweenbigcities,/ledtoagreatincreaseinrailwaybuildinginVictoriantimes./Between1835and1865about25000kilometersoftrackwerebuilt,/andover100railwaycompanieswerecreated./
Railwaytraveltransformedpeople'slives./Trainswerefirstdesignedtocarrygoods./However,alawinthe19thcenturyforcedrailwaycompaniestorunonecheaptrainaday/whichstoppedateverystationandcostonlyapennyamile./Soonworkingclasspassengersfoundtheycouldaffordtotravelbyrail./Cheapdayexcursiontrainsbecamepopularandseasideresortsgrewrapidly./Therailwaysalsoprovidedthousandsofnewjobs:
/buildingcarriages,runningtherailwaysandrepairingthetracks./Railwaysevenchangedthetime./Theneedtoruntherailwaysontimemeantthatlocaltimewasabolished/andclocksshowedthesametimealloverthecountry./
UnitedNationsDay(1999)
The24thofOctoberiscelebratedasUnitedNationsDay.hisadaythatbelongstoeveryone.Anditiscelebratedinmostcountriesoftheworld.Somecountriescelebrateforaweekinsteadofaday.Inmanypartsoftheworld,schoolshavespecialprogramsfortheday.BoysandgirlsinsomecommunitiesdecorateaUNtree.Inothercommunities,youngpeopleputonplaysabouttheUN.Somelibrariesexhibitchildren’sartworksfromaroundtheworld.Schoolscelebratewiththesongsanddancesofothercountriesorgivepartieswherefoodsofothercountriesareserved.Nomatterhowthedayiscelebrated,thepurposeofthesecelebrationsistohelpeveryoneunderstandtheUN,andtheimportantrolesitplaysinworldaffairs.TheUNencouragespeopletolearnaboutotherlandsandtheircustoms.Inthisway,peoplecangainabetterunderstandingandappreciationofpeoplesallovertheworld.
WhatWeKnowAboutLanguage(2000)
Manythingsaboutlanguageareamysteryandwillremainso.However,wenowdoknowsomethingaboutit.First,weknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.Nohumanraceanywhereonearthissobackwardthatithasnolanguageofitsownatall.Second,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeopleswhoseculturesareundevelopedbutthelanguagestheyspeakarebynomeansprimitive.Inallthelanguagesexistingintheworldtoday,therearecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeendevelopedforyears.Third,weknowthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Eachisaperfectmeansofexpressingitsculture.Andfinally,weknowthatlanguagechangesovertime,whichisnaturalandnormalifalanguageistosurvive.Thelanguagewhichremainsunchangedisnothingbutdead.
CharacteristicsofAGoodReader(2001)
Toimproveyourreadinghabits,youmustunderstandthecharacteristicsofagoodreader.First,thegoodreaderusuallyreadsrapidly.Ofcourse,hedoesnotreadeverypieceofmaterialatthesamerate.Butwhetherheisreadinganewspaperorachapterinaphysicstext,hisreadingrateisrelativelyfast.Hehaslearnedtoreadforideasratherthanwordsoneatatime.Next,thegoodreadercanrecognizeandunderstandgeneralideasandspecificdetails.Thusheisabletocomprehendthematerialwithaminimumofeffortandamaximumofinterest.Finally,thegoodreaderhasinhiscommandseveralspecialskills,whichhecanapplytoreadingproblemsastheyoccur.Forthecollegestudent,themosthelpfuloftheseskillsincludemakinguseofthevariousaidstounderstandingthatmosttextbooksprovideandskim-readingforageneralsurvey.
DisappearingForests(2002)
Theworld’sforestsaredisappearing.Asmuchas1/3ofthetotaltreecoverhasbeenlostsinceagriculturebegansome10,000yearsago.Theremainingforestsarehometohalfoftheworld’sspecies,thusbecomingthechiefresourcefortheirsurvival.Tropicalrainforestsoncecovered12%ofthelandoftheplanet,aswellassupportingatleasthalfoftheworld’sspeciesofplantsandanimals.Theserainforestsarehometomillionsofpeople.Butthereareotherdemandsonthem.Forexample,muchhasbeencutfortimber.Anincreasingamountofforestlandhasbeenusedforindustrialpurposesorforagriculturaldevelopmentsuchascrop-growing.Bythe1990’slessthanhalfoftheearth’soriginalrainforestsremained,andtheyco