高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature高考题新人教版选修6.docx

高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature高考题新人教版选修6.docx

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高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature高考题新人教版选修6

Unit5Thepowerofnature

【高考探究】

＂自然与环境＂是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。

例如：

2017年新课标全国卷I阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解；

I.阅读理解

Passage1（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）

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话题

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说明文

简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器

316

★★★☆☆

6分钟

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5＇

5＇sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圆锥体）with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（蒸发）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.

32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.

C.It’scomplex.D.It’sportable.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?

A.Thetube.B.Thestill.

C.Thehole.D.Thecup.

34.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.

C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.

35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.

A.theplastictubeB.outsidethehole

C.theopenairD.beneaththesheet

【话题解读】本文主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法，并介绍了它的工作原理。

这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。

32.D【解析】推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句话Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，portable表示“轻便的；手提的”，故选D。

杯子的工作效率是不变的。

故选B。

34.C【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三段Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.可知最后一步是weightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock（放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去），故选C。

35.D【解析】推理判断题。

结合第四段中的Groundwaterevaporates（蒸发）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。

故选D。

Passage2（2016·北京卷）

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记叙文

娜塔莉帮助重建遭受飓风重创的家乡

362

★★★★☆

8分钟

SurvivingHurricaneSandy（飓风桑迪）

NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.＂It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,＂shesays.

OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.

WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.

Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.

＂MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,＂Nataliesays.＂butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.＂

Natalie’schoicewastohelp.

Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.

Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:

Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.

Today,thescars（创痕）ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.＂Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,＂Nataliedeclares.＂Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.＂zxx*k

59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.

A.somefriendshadlosttheirlives

B.herneighborhoodwasdestroyed

C.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklyn

D.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering

60.Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?

A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild

B.Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuilding

C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors

D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople

61.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?

A.Shegavehertoystothekids

B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren

C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp

D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform

62.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?

A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference

B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed

C.EastorWest,homeisbest

D.Technologyispower

【话题解读】本文是一个记叙文本文的主人公——14岁的女孩娜塔莉——主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。

她建立了一个网站，把外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。

她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。

59.B【解析】细节理解题。

由题干中的＂returned...afterthehurricane＂可知，答案应该在第三段。

娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟（neighborhoodinruins），很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。

人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。

从这些信息可知选B。

60.A【解析】细节理解题。

由第四段第一句中的＂themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie＂可知选A。

塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选A。

Passage3（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ）

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说明文

植物受到攻击后的反击

293

★★★☆☆

6分钟

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?

Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?

Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）

thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.

32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

33.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

34.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

A.predictnaturaldisastersB.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

35.whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems

D.PeopleinDarwin’stimewereimaginative.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。

研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。

34.B【解析】细节理解题，根据“ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked”及“Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.”可知答案选B。

35.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据“imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon”可知，这个世界远比我们我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。

故选C。

II.完形填空

体裁

话