大学英语六级考试真题答案解析.docx
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大学英语六级考试真题答案解析
2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题
Writing(30minutes)Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheDigitalAge.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用,例如…2.数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活产生的影响TheDigitalAge______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)本题客观选择题共计7分,每小题1分。
SevenWaystoSavetheWorld
Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:
gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRomertocutcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout€100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis€90,000fuelandpowerbillby€60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”
Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.
Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGreorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.
Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:
Insulate
Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:
ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.
ChangeBulbs
Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.
Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.
ComfortZone
Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummerthesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.
MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.
RemakeFactories
Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan€200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing(优化)energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJürgenHambrecht.
GreenDriving
Aquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:
youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated(充气).Gasoline-electrichybrid(混合型的)modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.
ABetterFridge
Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanlnternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.
FlexiblePayment
Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?
“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting(翻新改造)inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.
Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?
Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.
Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.
Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.
Willitbeenough?
Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.
1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?
A)Raisingefficiency.B)Cuttingunnecessarycosts.
C)Findingalternativeresources.D)Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.
2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?
A)Diversifyenergysupply.B)Cutenergyconsumption.
C)Reducecarbonemissions.D)Raiseproductionefficiency.
3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto________
.A)improveyourworkenvironmentB)cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf
C)getridofair-conditionersD)enjoymuchbetterhealth
4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?
A)Asmallportion.B)Some40percent.C)Almosthalf.D)75to80percent.
5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby________.
A)upgradingtheequipmentB)encouraginginvestmentsC)implementinghigh-techD)providingsubsidies
6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves200millionayearby________
.A)recyclingheatandenergyB)settingupfactoriesinChina
C)usingthenewesttechnologyD)reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants
7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif________.
A)weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipesB)wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances
C)wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods
D)wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods
8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients’________
.9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith________.
10.Thestrongestincentivesforenergyconservationwillderivefrom________
PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)本题SectionA&B共计25分,每小题1分。
SectionA
11.A)Proceedinhisownway.B)Stick