高级英语第一课.docx

高级英语第一课.docx

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高级英语第一课

Lessonone

TheMiddleEastBazaar

Backgroundknowledge

ThispieceistakenfromthebookAdvancedcomprehensionandAppreciationPieceforOverseasStudent.ItwaspreparedbyL.A.hillandD.J.MayandpublishedbytheOxfordUniversityPressin1962.ThisisthethirdbookintheserieswhichbeganwithComprehensionandPrecisebyR.D.S.FielderandL.A.Hill.Theauthorinhisintroductionstates:

“ThisthirdbookisintendedforstudentspreparingfortheCambridgeCertificateofProficiencyExamination,andforstudentsinthetopclassofsecondaryschoolsorinthefirstyearofauniversitycourse.”

DetailedStudyoftheText

1.TheMiddleEasternbazaartakesyouback…ofyears:

1）Thebazaarisanorientalmarket-placewhereavarietyofgoodsissold.ThewordperhapscomesfromthePersianwordbazaar.

2）Thebazaartakesyoubackhundreds---eventhousands---ofyearsbecauseitwaspossiblybuiltcenturiesago,thearchitecturewasancient,thebricksandstoneswereagedandtheeconomywasahandicrafteconomywasahandicrafteconomywhichnolongerexistedintheWest.

2.TheoneIamthinkingofparticularlyisentered…

isentered…:

Thepresenttenseusedhereiscalled“historicalpresent”.Itisusedforvividness.

Gothic:

ofastyleofbuildinginWesternEuropebetweenthe12thand16thcenturies,withpointedarches,archedroofs,tallthinpillars,andstainedglasswindows

Aged:

havingexistedlong;veryold

3.Youpassfromtheheatandglareofabigopensquareintoacool,darkcavern…:

Here“theheat”iscontrastedwith“cool”,“glare”with“dark”,and“opensquare”with“cavern”.

Glare:

strong,fierce,unpleasantlight,notsoagreeableandwelcomeas“brightsunlight”

“Cavern”heredoesnotreallymeanacaveoranundergroundchamber.Fromthetextwecanseeitisalong,narrow,darkstreetofworkshopsandshopswithsomesortofaroofoverthem.

Infrontofthegatewaythereisabig,opensquare.Itishotthereandthebrightnessofthesunlightismostdisagreeable.Butwhenyouenterthegateway,youcometoalong,narrow,darkstreetwithsomesortofaroofoveritanditiscoolinside.

4.whichextendsasfarastheeyecansee:

thewordeyeandearareusedinthesingularnottomeantheconcreteorganofsightorhearingbutsomethingabstract;theyareoftenusedfiguratively.Heretheeyemeansman’spowerofseeingoreyesight.E.g.

Shehasaneyeforbeauty.（sheiscapableofrecognizingandappreciatingbeautifulthings.）

Shehasanearformusic.Sheissensitivetomusic.）

Thebigpostercaughtmyeye.（Myattention）

Theboyhasasharpeye.（Heoverlooksnothing）

Keepaneyeonthatmischievousboy.（keepawatchonhim.）

Toturnablindeyetosthorsb

Toturnadeafeartosthorsb

Hiswordareunpleasanttotheear.

Theviewwaspleasingtotheeye

5.losingitselfintheshadowydistance:

Theplaceisdark,sowhenthestreetislong,objectsinthedistancebecomeunclearandindistinct.

Shadowysuggestsshiftingilluminationandindistinctvision.

6.Littledonkeys…enteringandleavingthebazaar:

threadtheirway:

Thedonkeyswentinandoutamongthepeopleandfromonesidetoanother

thewords“entering”and“leaving”gowiththeword“throngs”whichdiffersfrom“crowds”inthatitcarriesastrongerimplicationofmovementandofpushingandaweakerimplicationofdensity.E.g.

Thecrowdjammedthehall.

Throngscirculatedthroughthestreet,orthrongsgathered

7.Theroadwayisabouttwelvefeetwide,butitisnarrowedeveryfewyardsbylittlestallswheregoodsofeveryconceivablekindaresold:

roadway:

（theroadway）themiddlepartofaroadwherevehiclesdrivee.g.

Don’tstopontheroadway;gototheside.

Stall:

small,open-frontedshop,tableetc.usedbyatraderinamarket,onastreet.E.g.

Abook-stall,aflower-stall

Thesmallshopsliningthestreettrytoexpandtheirshopspacebyencroachingonthestreet,sothestreetbecomesnarroweveryfewyards.

Goodsofeveryconceivablekindage,nationality;buildingsofeveryconceivableshape

Notethespellingofthewordconceivable:

itisformedinaccordancewiththeoldrule:

“i”before“e”exceptafter“c”

8.Thedin…andmakesyoudizzy:

din:

loud,confusednoisethatcontinues,e.g.TheblazeoflightandtheappallingdinoftheorchestrahadalmostdazedElizabeth.

AsCrawfordraisedhisgavel,thedinfrombelowincreasedtoa“bayingroar”

Thenoun“din”isfollowedbythree“of”phrases.

Theexpression“cryingone’sware”isnowconsideredoldfashioned.

Wares:

ratherliterary,meaningarticlesforsale,usu.Notinashop.E.g.

Thebakertraveledroundthetownsellinghiswares.

clearaway:

toremovefrom（asaspace）allthatoccupiesorencumbers,orthatimpedesorrestrictsuse,passageoraction

would-be:

likely,possible

theloud,confusednoiseof…continueswithoutinterruptionandmakesyoufeelmentallyconfused.

9.Thenasyoupenetrate…mutedcloth-market:

penetrate:

topierceorpassintoorthrough.Thewordpenetrateisusedheretoindicatethatyouhavetopassthroughabigcrowdinordertogodeeperintothemarket.

Thenoiseoftheentrancefadesaway:

Fadeaway:

goslowlyoutofhearing,graduallydisappear

themutedcloth-market:

Itismutedbecausetheearthenfloordeadensthesoundoffootstepsandpeopleinthemarketspeakinlow,softtones.

10.Theearthenfloor…anysoundstoecho:

Earthen:

madeofearth,e.g.

Anearthenjar

beatenhardbycountlessfeet:

flattenedbytreading;whichbecomesflatandhardbecauseitismuchtraveled

deaden:

tolessenordullthesoundof（footsteps）

thevaultedmud-brickwallsandroof:

Moslemstyleofarchitecture

11.Theshopkeepersspeakinslow…followsuit:

measured:

steady,slowanddeliberate;rhythmical

sepulchral:

suggestiveofthegraveofburial;dismal,gloomy

followsuit:

todothesameassomeoneelsehasdone

thebuyersovercomebythegrave-likeatmosphere,alsospeakinslow,measuredtones.

12.Oneofthepeculiarities…persecution:

peculiarities:

characteristics

shopkeepersdealinginthesamekindofgoodsusuallyscatterthemselvesoverthebazaarsoastoavoidcompetition.（Itwouldthenbemoredifficultforcustomerstocomparegoodsandprices.）ButintheMiddleEasternBazaartheyperhaps,thetaxcollectorsandgovernmentofficials.

Collect:

cometogether;gather;e.g.

Water（dust）collects

knit:

unitefirmlyandclosely

guild:

societyofpersonsforhelpingoneanother,forwardingcommoninterests

13.eachopen-frontedshop…forstorage:

open-frontedshop:

thegoodsaredisplayedatthefrontoftheshop,withoutanywindowordoorwayblockingtheview

atrestletablefordisplay:

onedisplayanythingthatonespreadsoutforotherstovieworputsinapositionwhereiscanbeseentoadvantageorwithgreatclearnesssoastostriketheeye.E.g.

Theexhibitionofpictureswascriticizedbecausethebestpaintingswerenotwelldisplayed.（Theywereperhapsputinadarkcornerorsomeotherplacewithinsufficientlightwherepeoplecouldnitseethemproperly.）

Thepeacockdisplayeditsfinefeathers.Cf.exhibit:

Oneexhibitsanythingwhichheputsforwardprominentlyoropenly,eitherwiththeexpressintentionorwiththeresultofattractingother’sattention.Whenweexhibitflowers,animals,children’sdrawing,unearthedrelics,etc.,wewanttobringtheirinherentpropertiestolight.E.g.

Thehosttookusthroughhisstabletoshowushishorses.Heexhibitedwithparticularpridetwosnow-whitemares.Hehimselfledthemoutofthestable,inordertodisplaytoadvantagetheirsleekcoats.

14.bargainingistheorderoftheday:

bargainingisthenormalwayofdoingthings

（the）orderoftheday:

thatwhichisofthegreatestgeneralinterestataparticulartime;prevailingstateofthings,e.g.

Theyfailedtoactsinceconfusionwastheorderofthedayattheheadquarters.

Hisperiodwasabuildingage,whencompetitionwastheorderoftheday.

15.veiledwomen…beatingthepricedown:

veiledwomen:

accordingtoMoslemcustomwomenhavetowearveilswhentheygoout.

Toprice:

（colloquial0toaskthepriceof,e.g.

Beforebuyingthecoat,whynotpriceitinanumberofshops?

30narrowdowntheirchoice:

reducethenumberoftheirchoice

16.Itisapointofhonors…thelastmoment:

10apointofhonor:

somethingconsideredimportantforone’sself-respect

20whatitis:

“whatitis”means“which（thing0inparticular”.Thewords“itis”areaddedtoshowemphasis.

17.yieldlittle:

refusetoreducethepricebyanysignificantamount

18.Theseller…makesapointofprotestingthat…:

Hereprotestingcanbereplacedbyinsisting,meaningaffirmingstrongly.

Tomakeapointofdoingsth:

regardortreatisasnecessary.E.g.

Torealizeourgoalofthefourmodernizations,wemakeagreatpointoflearningthestrongpointofallnationsandallcountries,learningallthatisgenuinelygoodinthepolitical,economic,scientificandtechnologicalfieldsandinartandliterature.

Theteachersmakeapointofsettingstrictdemandsonthestudents.

TouriststoBeijingmakeapointofvisitingtheGreatwall

Whilehelpingtheyoungworkersdeveloppoliticalconsciousness,theveteranworkersmakeaspecialpointofupgradingtheirculturallevelsandprofessionalskills

Thesellerthinksitisnecessaryforhimtodeclarethatthepriceheisaskingmakesitimpossibleforhimtogainanyprofit.

19.andthatheissacrificingthisbecauseofhispersonalregardforthecustomer:

Heissellingthethingatlessthanitscostbecauseherespectsthecustomer.

20.Withthecustomercomingandgoingatintervals:

thecustomerbargainsforsometime,thenleaves（hopingtofrightenthesellerthathemightlosethecustomer）andcomesbac