冶金专业英语全.docx

冶金专业英语全.docx

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冶金专业英语全

有色冶金专业英语

（适用于冶金工程专业）

2009年9月

Lesson3OreDressing

Oredressing选矿

Concentratev.富积，浓缩，集聚

n.精矿，浓缩物

Concentrationn.集中，浓缩，浓度

Acidconcentration酸浓度

Bulkn.正体，主体，团块

Ganguen.脉石，尾矿，矿脉中的夹杂物

Tailingn.尾矿

Severancen.分离，隔离，碎散

Beneficiationn.分选

Comminutionn.粉碎

Run-of-minen.原矿

Middlingn.中矿

Liberationn.解离

Crushn.v.粉碎，碾碎，挤压

Grindn.v.研磨，磨细

Screenn.v.筛，筛分

Jiggingn.跳选，跳汰选

Handpicking手选

Lustern.光泽，光亮v.闪光，发光

Specificgravity比重

Magneticpermeability磁导率

Inductivecharging感应电荷

Electrostaticseparation静电分离

Fracturen.断口，裂缝

Automaticsortingofradioactivenatures

放射性自动选矿

Magnituden.大小，尺寸，量级，强度，等级

Magneticseparation磁选

Magneticfield磁场

Gravityconcentration重力选矿

Mediumn.介质，媒介，中间物，培养基

Dilatev.（使）膨胀，扩张，扩大

Dilatedbed松散床层

Dilationn.膨胀系数，传播，伸缩，蔓延

Lipn.凸出部分，唇部

Diverseadj.不同的，互异的，各种各样的

Tablen.摇床，淘汰盘

Tabling摇床选，淘汰选

Motionn.运动，输送，行程，机械装置，运动机构

Sink-floatseparation重介质分选

Suspensionn.悬浮物，悬浮液

Conen.圆锥体，锥形漏斗，圆锥破碎机

Stirn.v.移动，摇动，搅拌

Stirrern.搅拌器，搅拌机

Rotaryadj.旋转的，回转的，转动的

Circumferencen.圆周，周边

Rotatingmotion旋转装置，旋转设备

Floatationn.浮选

Pulpn.矿浆，浆料v.制浆，浆化

Sluicen.槽，排水道，水槽

Frothfloatation泡沫浮选

Hematiten.赤铁矿

Pyrolusiten.软锰矿

Diamondn.金刚石

Graphiten.石墨

Oredressingconcernswiththetechnologyoftreatmentoforestoconcentratetheirvaluableconstituents（minerals）intoproducts（concentrate）ofsmallerbulk,andsimultaneouslytocollecttheworthlessmaterial（gangue）intodiscardablewaste（tailing）.Thefundamentaloperationsofore-dressingprocessesarethebreakingapartoftheassociatedconstituentsoftheorebymechanicalmeans（severance）andtheseparationoftheseveredcomponents（beneficiation）intoconcentrateandtailing,usingmechanicalorphysicalmethodswhichdonoteffectsubstantialchemicalchanges.1

Severance.Comminutionisasingle,ormultistageprocesseswherebyoreisreducedfromrun-of-minesizetothatsizeneededbythebeneficiationprocesses.Theprocessisintendedtodetailedcontrol,aclassofparticlescontainingbothmineralandgangue（middlingparticles）arealsoproduced.Thesmallerthepercentageofmiddlingthegreaterthedegreeofliberation.Comminutionisdividedintocrushing（downto6-to14-mush）andgrinding（downtomicronsize）.Crushingisusuallydoneinthreestages:

coarsecrushingfromrun-of-minesizeto4-6in.,orcoarser;intermediatecrushingdowntoabout1/2in.;andfinecrushingto1/4in.orless.Screenisamethodofsizingwherebygradedproductsareproduced,theindividualparticlesineachgradebeingofnearlythesamesize.Inbeneficiation,screeningispracticedfortworeasons:

asandintegralpartoftheseparateonprocess,forexample,injigging,andtoproduceafeedofsuchsizerangeasiscompatiblewiththeapplicabilityoftheseparationprocess.

Beneficiation.Thisstepconsistsoftwofundamentaloperations:

thedeterminationthatanindividualparticleiseitheramineraloragangueparticle（selection）;andthemovementofselectedparticlesviadifferentpaths（separation）intotheconcentrateandtailingproducts.2Whenmiddlingparticlesoccur,theywilleitherbeselectedaccordingtotheirmineralcontentandthencausedtoreportasconcentrateortailing,orbeseparatedasathirdproduct（middling）.3Inthelattercase,themiddlingisregroundtoachievefurtherliberation,andtheproductisfedbackintothestreamofmaterialbeingtreated.

Selectionsbaseduponsomephysicalorchemicalpropertyinwhichthemineralandgangueparticlesdifferinkindordegreeorboth.Thusinpicking,theoldformofbeneficiation,color,luster,andshapeareusedtodecidewhetheralumpoforeispredominantlymineralorgangue.Useismadeofdifferencesinotherphysicalorchemicalproperties,suchasspecificgravity,magneticpermeability,inductivecharging（electrostaticseparation）,surfacechemicalproperties,bulkchemicalproperties,weakplanesoffracture（separationbyscreening）,andgamma-rayemission（automaticsortingofradioactivenature）.

Separationisachievedbysubjectingeachparticleofthemixturetoasetofforcesthatisusuallythesameirrespectiveofthenatureoftheparticlesexceptingfortheforcebaseduponthediscriminatingproperty.Thisforcemaybepresentforbothmineralandgangueparticlesbutdifferinginmagnitude,oritmaybepresentforonetypeofparticleandabsentfortheother.Asaresultofthisdifferenceseparationispossible,andtheparticlesarecollectedasconcentrateortailing.

Magneticseparationutilizestheforceexertedbyamagneticfielduponmagneticmaterialstocounteractpartiallyorwhollytheeffectofgravity.Thusundertheactionofthesetwoforcesdifferentpathsareproducedforthemagneticandnonmagneticparticles.

Gravityconcentrationisbasedonadiscriminatingforce,themagnitudeofwhichvarieswithspecificgravity.Theotherforcethatisusuallyoperatingingravitymethodsistheresistancetorelativemotionexertedupontheparticlesbythefluidorsemi-fluidmediuminwhichseparationtakesplace

Jiggingisagravitymethodthatseparatesmineralfromgangueparticlebyutilizinganeffectivedifferenceinsettlingratethroughaperiodicallydilatedbed.Duringthedilationheavierparticlesworktheirwaytothebottomwhilethelighterparticlesremainontopandaredischargedoverthelip.Jiggingispracticedonmaterialsthatareliberateduponbeingreducedtosizesrangingfrom3/2in.,downtoseveralmillimeters.Ithasbeenusedonsuchdiverseoresascoal,ironores,goldandleadores.

Tablingisagravitymethodinwhichthefeed,introducedontoaninclinedplaneandreciprocateddeck,movesinthedirectionofmotionwhilesimultaneouslybeingwashedbyawaterfilmwhichmovesitalsoatrightanglestothemotionofthedeck.4Theheaviermineralandthelightergangueareusuallycollectedovertheedgesofthedeck.Theboundarybetweentheheaviermineralandlightergangueparticlesisroughlyalineardiagonalbandonthedeckofthetable.Thisdiagonalbandisnotstationary;ratherittendstomoveaboutameanposition.Inpracticetherefore,athirdproduct,themiddling,iscollectedbetweenthedischargeedgesofconcentrateandgangue.Ifthefeedtothetablehasbeencrushedorgroundtoproduceliberation,thenthemiddlingisreturnedtothefeed.Ifliberationhasnotbeenachieved,themiddlingisreturnedtothecrushing-grindingsectionofthemill.Tablesmaybeusedtotreatrelativelycoarsematerial（sandtables）withsizesrangingfromabout2~3mmdownto0.07mm.

Sink-floatseparationisthesimplestgravitymethodandisbasedonexistingdifferencesinspecificgravity.Thefeedparticlesareintroducedintoasuspension,thespecificgravityofwhichisbetweenthatofthemineralandgangueparticles,withtheresultthatparticlesofhigherspecificgravitysinkwhilethoseoflowerspecificgravityfloat.5Theseparatorisaconeequippedwithaslowlyoperatedstirrerwhichservestoimpartslowrotarymotiontothesuspensionandpreventthesuspensionfromsettlingoutonthewalls.Feedisintroducedatonepointofthecircumferenceandisslowlymovedbytherotatingmotionofthesuspension.Bythetimethismaterialhasreachedthedischargepointonthecircumference,thoseparticleswhosespecificgravityisgreaterthanthatofthesuspensionhavemoveddownthroughthesuspensionsothatonlyfloatparticlesaredischargedatthetop,thesinkparticlesaredischargedatthebottom.

Flotationisusedtoseparatevaluablemineralsfromwasterockorgangue,inwhichthegroundoreissuspendedinwaterand,afterchemicaltreatment,subjectedtobubblesofair.Themineralsthataretobefloatedattachtotheairbubbles,risethroughthesuspension,andareremovedwiththefroththatformsontopofthepulp.Frothflotationwasfirstusedtorecoversulfidemineralsthatweretoofinetoberecoveredbygravityconcentratorssuchasjigs,tables,andsluices.Frothflotationisalsousedtoconcentrateoxidemineralssuchashematite（Fe2O3）andpyrolusite（MnO2）,andnativeelementssuchassulfur,silver,gold,copperandcarbon（bothgraphiteanddiamond）.Frothflotationisalsousedtoseparatethesilicateminerals.

Lesson5MaterialsScienceandEngineering

Embrace包括

Ceramics陶瓷

Inanimate无生命的

Homogeneous均匀的

Predominate主导

Rigidity刚性

Weldability可焊性

Composite复合材料

Spectrum种类

Brass黄铜

Bronze青铜

Invar因钢（NiFe）

Cement水泥

Ferrite铁素体

Garnet石榴石

PVC聚氯乙烯

Polyethylene聚乙烯

PTFE聚四氟乙烯

Terylene涤纶

nylon尼龙

leather皮革

reinforced增强

dispersion弥散

supersonic超声波

optimum最优

fabrication人工制作

invariable不变的

corrosion腐蚀

fatigue疲劳

assess评估

1.   MaterialsScience

“MaterialsScience”isasubjectforengineersofthemodernage.Itembracesastudyofdifferentmaterialsregardingtheirstructures,propertiesanduses.The“material”heredoesnotrefertoallmatterintheUniverse.Ifthiswereso,itwouldincludeallthephysicalsciencesandthelifesciencesformastronomytozoology.Wecanrestrictthedefinitiononlytomatterusefultomankind.Evenhere,therangeistoobroadforthepurposesoftheengineer.Forexample,wecanlistalargenumberofthingsuseful,toman,suchasfood,medicines,explosives,chemicals,water,steel,plasticsandconcrete,onlyafewofwhichqualifyasengineeringmaterials.Wehavethentobemorespecific,anddefinematerialsasthatpartofinanimatematterthatisusefultotheengineerinthepracticeofhisprofession.1Recentlytheterm,materialsreferonlytosolidmaterials,eventhoughitispossibletoquoteanumberofexamplesofliquidandgaseousmaterialssuchassulfu