英语阅读理解社会文化专题练习及答案及解析.docx
《英语阅读理解社会文化专题练习及答案及解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语阅读理解社会文化专题练习及答案及解析.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语阅读理解社会文化专题练习及答案及解析
英语阅读理解（社会文化）专题练习（及答案）及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics（漫画）withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants（移民）howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100-pageguideisneededto"keepapositiveimage"ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants.Butcriticshavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmayberegardedasantagonistsinthemanual（手册）.
RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus（高加索）andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.
ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe"dos"and"don'ts"tomigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinely（例行公事）stopthemtochecktheirdocuments.
Inthemanual,Russia'sfamous"threewarriors"aremeanttorepresentthecity'slawenforcementagencies（执法机关）,whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky（ahistoricalcharacter）isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia'slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow'sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported（驱逐出境）orbannedfromentry.
Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,AlexanderKalinin,whoheadsthegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,toldBBCRussian.
"Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,"headded.
Migrantcharactershadinitially（最初）beenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferentnationalities,butthebook'sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas"nottooffendanyone",saidMr.Kalinin.
"TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersisbeingrevived,"YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexperttoldBBCRussian.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe"difficult"tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.
（1）Theunderlinedword"antagonists"inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby"________".
A. friends
B. acquaintances
C. cooperators
D. opponents
（2）PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow"________".
A. tofindwell-paidjobs
B. tohaveanewlifestyle
C. toenjoythefineclimate
D. toexperienceanewculture
（3）Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout"________".
A. consequencesthemigrantsmaysuffer
B. thepurposeofpublishingthehandbook
C. themeasurestoattractforeignmigrants
D. charactersandtheirfunctionsinRussianfairytales
（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?
A. WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussia
B. CharactersfromRussianfairytaleshavenewjobs
C. MoreandmoreforeignmigrantstoworkinMoscow
D. Moscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehave
【答案】
（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。
（1）考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的"Theysaya100-pageguideisneededto‘keepapositiveimage’ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants."可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus（高加索）andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。
（3）考查段落大意。
根据第三段中的"ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe‘dos’and‘don'ts’tomigrants."可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。
通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics（漫画）withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants（移民）howtheyshouldbehave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Beingattractiveisn'tusuallyconsideredmuchofadisadvantageintoday'sworld.Actually,thereistheendlesspotentialbenefitaboutit,butresearchershavefoundoneareathatbeingprettymakeslifeachallengesecuringyourselfaboring,low payingjob.
Thisstandsincontrasttoalargebodyofresearchthatattractiveness,ingeneral,helpscandidatesintheselectionprocess.Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing.Wetreatprettypeoplemorefavorablyingeneral,oftenvoteforthemmoreinelections,andpaythemmoreintheirprofessions.Theresearchsuggeststhatattractivepeoplemaybediscriminatedagainstinselectionforrelativelylessdesirablejobs.
Researcherscarriedoutfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan750participants,includinguniversitystudentsandmanagerswhomakehiringdecisionsintherealworld.Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive.Participantswerethenaskedaseriesofquestionsdesignedtomeasuretheiropinionsofthejobcandidatesandwhethertheywouldhirethesecandidatesforaless than desirablejob.
Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentativeandthemoredesirablejobsincludedthingslikeamanager,projectdirector,ITelite（精英）.Inallexperimentswheretheywereasked,participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejobandmorelikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthemoredesirablejob.
MsLeesaid,"Intheselectiondecisionforanundesirablejob,decisionmakersweremorelikelytochoosetheunattractiveindividualovertheattractiveindividual.Co authorDrMadanPillutlasaid,"Itisinterestingthatdecisionmakersconsiderothers'opinionsintheirdecisions.Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."
Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohigh leveljobs.
（1）Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofbeingattractive?
A. Itisadisadvantage.
B. Itisablessing.
C. itisnotimportant.
D. Ithasnothingtodowithjobs.
（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A. Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.
B. Theimportanceoftheexperiment.
C. Theprocessoftheexperiment.
D. Theresultoftheexperiment.
（3）Anordinary lookinggraduatemayhaveanadvantagewhenapplyingfor_______.
A. amanager B. aprojectdirector C. awarehouseworker D. anITelite
（4）Whyarelessattractiveapplicantspreferredforlessdesirablejobs?
A. Becausetheyaremorehardworking.
B. Becausetheywillbemoresatisfied.
C. Becausetheyhavenorequirementsatall.
D. Becausetheywillwantbetteroutcomes.
（5）Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeresearch?
A. Attractivepeoplearemorefitforhigh leveljobs.
B. Lessattractivepeopleareeasytofindhigh leveljobs.
C. Attractivepeoplecanalwaysbehiredwhenapplyingforjobs.
D. Lessattractivepeoplecaneasilygethighlypaidiftheyworkhard.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing."可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。
（2）考查段落大意。
根据第三段内容,特别是"Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive."可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的"Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentative"及"participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejob"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的"Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohigh leveljobs."可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:
4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,you'realmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?
Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.
ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:
Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond（forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”）.TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger.ThememorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.
Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,sevent
升级会员 