上海高三春考备考语法状语从句.docx

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上海高三春考备考语法状语从句.docx

上海高三春考备考语法状语从句

一、专题知识梳理

I.状语从句(AdverbialClause)

定义:

状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。

作用:

修饰主句中的动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

类别

例句

.时间状语从句;(adverbialclauseoftime)

Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.

地点状语从句;(adverbialclauseofplace)

Wherethereiswater,thereislife.

原因状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcause)

Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon'ttroubleyou.

.条件状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcondition)

As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates

目的状语从句;(adverbialclauseofpurpose)

Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.

结果状语从句。

(adverbialclauseofresult)

Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim

让步状语从句;(adverbialclauseofconcession)

Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.

.比较状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcomparison)

IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.

方式状语从句;(adverbialclauseofmanner)

Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus

分类:

根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较状语从句。

在句中位置:

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起,从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

 

二、专题精讲

III.状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

例如:

IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。

(这是由assoonas引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用willarrive)

AssoonasIhavefinishedthiswork,Iwillgohome.我一完成此工作,就回家。

(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时havefinished,表示将来完成时,决不可用willhavefinished)

Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.如果他回来了,请通知我。

(从句中的谓语动词用comesback,表示一般将来时,决不可用willcomeback)

三、专题过关

一、专题知识梳理

状语从句考点

一.时间状语从句

1.when/while/as

<1>when引导的从句中既可以是可延续的v,也可以是非可延续的v.

eg:

I’llphoneyouagainwhenIgethome.

ThetelephonerangwhenIwassleeping.

<2>while引导的从句中只能为可延续的v,还表示两个动作同时发生具有对比的意味,主从时态相同.

eg:

IwonderwhathappenedwhileIwassleeping.

WhileIplayedthecomputer,mysisterdidherhomework.

<3>as引导的从句中既可以是可延续的v,也可以是非可延续的v.

★表示发展变化的情况

eg:

Astimepassed,thingsseemedtogetbetter.

★表示“一边…一边…”

eg:

Ashewasreading,hewasshakinghishead.

2.until/till

<1>until=till,指某一持续的动作持续到某一时间点为止。

eg:

Iworkedasaworkeruntil/till2008.

<2>notuntil“直到…才…”,放在句首时主句倒装。

eg:

NotuntilIfoundasecurejobdidIownacar.

3.since

<1>主句现在时,从句过去时。

eg:

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleftthiscity.

↓↓

现在完成时一般过去时

<2>Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+过去的时间点

eg:

Itis/hasbeenalongtimesinceweparted.

4.before“…才…”Itisalongtimebefore…

eg:

Itwasalongtimebeforepeoplegotthefloodundercontrol.

Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.

5.引导时间状从的n短语,如themoment,theday,thetime,thefirsttime,eachtime,bythetime,

nexttime,其后不再加when。

eg:

ThemomentIgettheticket,I’llsenditdirectlytoyou.

ThefirsttimeIwroteanEnglisharticle,Imademanymistakes.

6.bythetime到某一时间点为止,主句一般用完成时。

eg:

Bythetimehewas12,hehadtravelledtomanycountries.

7.表示“一…就…”的引导词

<1>assoonas/immediately/directly/instantly

eg:

I’llgiveyouananswerassoonas/immediately/directly/instantlyI’vefinishedworking.

<2>nosooner…than=hardly/scarcely…when句首倒装;时态

eg:

Ihadnosoonerbeguntotalkthanherangoff.

→NosoonerhadIbeguntotalkthanherangoff.

↓↓

过去完成时一般过去时

<3>at/on+n/V-ing

eg:

Atthenews,sheburstintotears.

Onherarrivalatthecountryside,shefelthappy.

→Onarrivingatthecountryside,shefelthappy.

 

二.地点状语从句

常用的地点状语从句的引导词where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere

eg:

Juststaywhereyouareanddon’tmove.(地点状从)

→Juststayintheplacewhereyouareanddon’tmove.(定从)

 

三.原因状语从句

1.because/since/as/for

<1>because语气最强,通用。

<2>since和as语气较弱,从句一般位于主句之前。

eg:

Sinceyoucan’tdoit,youshouldletmehaveatry.

既然

AsIdon’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.

由于

<3>for前面必须有“,”隔开,一般表示对前面内容的解释和推断。

eg:

Itmustbesnowing,foritissobrightoutside.

<4>nowthat“既然”

eg:

I’mgoingtorelaxnowthattheschoolyearisover.

<5>inthat=because

eg:

Theexperimentisworthtrustinginthatitisbasedonscientificfacts.

<6>forthereasonthat+同位语从句,解释reason的内容。

eg:

ForthereasonthatIdidn’tworkhard,Ifailedintheexam.

 

四.目的状语从句

1.sothat=inorderthat(从句中常含有may/might/will/can/could)

eg:

Speakloudersothatallthepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.

2.forfear(that)“惟恐,以防”虚拟

eg:

I’mworkinghardforfearthatIshouldfail.

3.incase“以免,以防”

eg:

Takeahatwithyouincasetheweatherisveryhot.

4.目的状从与不定式的转换,主语一致。

eg:

We’llsitinthefrontofthehallsothatwecanhearbetter.

→We’llsitinthefrontofthehallsoasto/inordertohearbetter.

 

五.结果状语从句

1.sothat

eg:

Wemovedtothecountrysothatwewereawayfromthenoisycity.

2.so...that...“如此…以至于”

<1>so+adj/adv+that

eg:

ThetextwassoboringthatIgaveupreadingit.

<2>so+many/few/much/little+n+that

eg:

Hegotsolittlemoneythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfaremoney.

3.such…that…

<1>such+a/an+adj+可数n+that

eg:

Itwassuchaterribledaythatnoneofuswouldgoout.

<2>such+adj+不可数n+that

eg:

Youputforwardsuchpracticaladvicethatwe’resuretowin.

4.so…that…把so放句首,主句倒装。

eg:

Socarelesslydidhedrivethathewasnearlygotkilled.

 

六.条件状语从句“主将从现”

1.Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.

2.Youwillbelateagainunlessyouhurry.

“除非”=if…not

3.As/Solongasyoupromisetocome,I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucome.

只要

4.I’lldoitonconditionthatyouhelpme.

只要

 

七.让步状语从句

陈述语序

1.句首放adjYoungassheis,sheknowsalot.

尽管

2.句首放nPopstarassheis,shestillneedstoimprove.

3.句首放vFailasIdid,Iwouldnevergiveup.

 

八.方式状语从句

1.as“像…一样…”

eg:

WillyoupleasedotheexperimentasIamdoing?

2.asif=asthough“好象”

<1>从句内容为事实或具有很大可能性,用陈述语气。

eg:

Itseemsasiftheboyhaslosthisway.

<2>从句内容不是事实,为主观想象,用虚拟语气。

eg:

Theinjuredmanactedasifnothinghadhappenedto

 

二、专题精讲

状语从句难点解析

◆时态◆

1.主将从现

主将从现是指在在复合句中,由when,assoonas,after,before,until等引导的时间状语从句和由if,unless引导的条件状语从句,都符合“主将从现”的原则,即主句是一般将来时(或用一般现在时表示一般将来时的意义),从句要用一般现在时。

通常分为三类情况:

(1)主:

(一般将来时);从:

(一般现在时).

  IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinNewYork.

(2)主:

(祈使句);从:

(一般现在时).

  Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake. 

(3)主:

(含有情态动词的一般现在时);从:

(一般现在时).

  Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom

【各区模拟卷相关试题】

1.Mary______toworkinthewestofChinaaftershegraduatesfromuniversity.

A)goesB)willgoC)wentD)would

2.Iwillgivehimthenewsassoonashe_______backfromBeijingtomorrow.

A)comeB)willcomeC)comesD)came

3.Sam______ustheresultassoonasthemanagermakesadecision.

A)tellsB)hastoldC)willtellD)wouldtell

4.MayDayiscoming.Myfamily______tohaveabarbecueifitdoesn’train.

A)goesB)willgoC)wentD)havegone

5.TheBrowns_______apartyinthegardenifitisfinethisweekend.

A)haveB)willhaveC)werehavingD)had

6.Ifitrainsheavily,we_______someindooractivitiesinsteadofplayingfootball.

A)doB)willdoC)didD)havedone

7.Youwillknowitsmeaningifyou_______itupinthedictionary

A.lookB.looksC.willlookD.looked

8.Sam,______meifyoucan’tworkoutthereportalone.

A)callB)willcallC)callingD)called

2.when引导时间状语从句,主从句时态问题

when既可表示某一时间点,也可表示某一时间段;

在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词既可是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。

主句遵循的时态则需看与从句动词的先后关系。

(1)主:

(一般将来时);when从:

(一般现在时).(主从句动作尚未发生)

Iwilltellhimwhenhecomesback.(主将从现)

(2)★主:

(过去进行时);when从:

(一般过去时).(从句动作在主句动作中发生)

WhenIgothome,momwaspreparingforthedinner.

(3)主:

(过去完成时);when从:

(一般过去时).(主句动作在从句动作前完成)

WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.

(4)主:

(一般过去式);when从:

(过去进行时).(主句动作在从句动作中发生)

ImetmyteacherwhenIwaswalkinginthestreetyesterdayafternoon.

【各区模拟卷相关试题】

1.I_________dinneratmyfriend'shousewhenyoucalledmeyesterdayevening.

A.hadB.havehadC.washavingD.arehaving

2.I______mybicycletoWandaPlazawhenitsuddenlybegantorain.Iwasallwetthrough.

A)amridingB)wasridingC)rodeD)hadridden

3.They________abouthowtoprotectourearthwhenIentered.

A)willtalkB)havetalkedC)aretalkingD)weretalking

4.Tom______areportwhenItelephonedhimyesterdayafternoon.

A)wroteB)iswritingC)waswrittenD)waswriting

5.WhenIcameintotheroom,Arthur_____acomputergameexcitedly.

A)playedB)wouldplayC)wasplayingD)hasplayed

6.Mr.Liandhisson______TVwhenJiaozhouRoadfirestarted.

A)wouldwatchB)watchedC)werewatchingD)arewatching

7.TheBrowns__________dinnerwhenIrangthem.

A.arehavingB.hadC.washavingD.werehaving

8.They______loudlyabouttheirworkwhenIwenttoseethem.

A)aretalkingB)weretalkingC)willtalkD)wouldtalk

9.Whenwegottothecinema,thenewdisasterfilm"2012"'_______.Wemissedthebeginning.

A)beganB)hadbegunC)hasbegunD)willbegin

10.WhenIgotupinthemorning,therain_______already.

A)stopsB)willstopC)hasstoppedD)hadstopped

3.before引导时间状语从句,主从句时态问题

(1)主:

(一般将来时);before从:

(一般现在时).(主从句动作尚未发生)

IwillreturnhomebeforeIgooutwithyou.

Remembertoturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.

(2)★主:

(过去完成时);before从:

(一般过去时).(主句动作在从句动作前完成)

Theyhadknowneachotherbeforetheygotmarried.

【各区模拟卷相关试题】

1.Iwillfinishmyhomeworkbeforeyou____backtomorrow.

A.willcomeB.comesC.wouldcomeD.come

2.Lindaandherfather________eachotherformonthsbeforetheymetyesterdayafternoon.

A.haven’tseenB.didn’tseeC.hadn’tseenD.wouldn’tsee

3.Mr.Marko________manycountriesbeforehestartedtowo

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