上海高三春考备考语法状语从句.docx

1、上海高三春考备考语法状语从句一、专题知识梳理I. 状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 定义：状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。作用：修饰主句中的动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。类 别例 句.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) Once you begin the work, you must continue.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)Where there is water, there is life.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause) Since y

2、ou are very busy, I wont trouble you.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) He is such a good

3、teacherthat the students love and respect him让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)India is much bigger than Japan.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)We must do everyth

4、ing as he tells us分类：根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较状语从句。在句中位置：状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起，从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。二、专题精讲 III. 状语从句的时态特点一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓

5、语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）三、专题过关一、专题知识梳理状语从句考点 一时间状语从句 1when

6、/ while / as when引导的从句中既可以是可延续的v，也可以是非可延续的v. eg : Ill phone you again when I get home. The telephone rang when I was sleeping. while引导的从句中只能为可延续的v，还表示两个动作同时发生具有对比的意味，主从时态相同. eg： I wonder what happened while I was sleeping. While I played the computer, my sister did her homework. as 引导的从句中既可以是可延续的v，也

7、可以是非可延续的v. 表示发展变化的情况 eg: As time passed, things seemed to get better. 表示 “一边一边” eg：As he was reading, he was shaking his head. 2. until / till until=till,指某一持续的动作持续到某一时间点为止。 eg：I worked as a worker until / till 2008. not until “直到才”，放在句首时主句倒装。 eg：Not until I found a secure job did I own a car. 3. si

8、nce 主句现在时，从句过去时。eg：Great changes have taken place since you left this city. 现在完成时 一般过去时 It is / has been + 一段时间 + since + 过去的时间点 eg: It is / has been a long time since we parted. 4. before “才” It is a long time before eg: It was a long time before people got the flood under control. It will be a lon

9、g time before we meet again. 5. 引导时间状从的n短语，如the moment,the day,the time,the first time,each time,by the time,next time,其后不再加when。 eg: The moment I get the ticket,Ill send it directly to you. The first time I wrote an English article, I made many mistakes. 6. by the time 到某一时间点为止，主句一般用完成时。 eg: By the

10、 time he was 12, he had travelled to many countries.7. 表示“一就”的引导词 as soon as/ immediately/ directly/ instantlyeg: Ill give you an answer as soon as/ immediately/ directly/ instantly Ive finished working. no sooner than = hardly/scarcely when 句首倒装；时态 eg: I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off

11、.No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. 过去完成时 一般过去时 at/on + n / V-ing eg: At the news,she burst into tears. On her arrival at the countryside,she felt happy. On arriving at the countryside, she felt happy.二地点状语从句常用的地点状语从句的引导词where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere eg: Just stay where

12、 you are and dont move. (地点状从) Just stay in the place where you are and dont move. (定从)三原因状语从句1.because / since / as / for because语气最强，通用。 since 和as 语气较弱，从句一般位于主句之前。 eg: Since you cant do it, you should let me have a try. 既然 As I dont know the way,I asked a policeman. 由于 for 前面必须有“，”隔开，一般表示对前面内容的解释和

13、推断。 eg: It must be snowing , for it is so bright outside. now that “既然” eg: Im going to relax now that the school year is over. in that = because eg: The experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts. for the reason that + 同位语从句，解释reason的内容。 eg: For the reason that I didnt wor

14、k hard, I failed in the exam.四目的状语从句1.so that = in order that (从句中常含有may/might/will/can/could)eg: Speak louder so that all the people in the hall can hear you.2.for fear (that) “惟恐，以防” 虚拟eg: Im working hard for fear that I should fail.3.in case “以免，以防” eg: Take a hat with you in case the weather is

15、very hot.4目的状从与不定式的转换，主语一致。 eg: Well sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better. Well sit in the front of the hall so as to / in order to hear better.五结果状语从句1. so that eg: We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy city.2. so.that. “如此以至于” so + adj / adv + thateg: The t

16、ext was so boring that I gave up reading it . so + many / few / much / little + n + that eg: He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare money. 3. such that such + a / an + adj + 可数n + thateg: It was such a terrible day that none of us would go out. such + adj + 不可数n + that eg: You

17、 put forward such practical advice that were sure to win. 4. so that 把so放句首，主句倒装。 eg: So carelessly did he drive that he was nearly got killed.六. 条件状语从句 “主将从现” 1. If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.2. You will be late again unless you hurry. “除非”= if not3. As /So long as you promise to co

18、me, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要4. Ill do it on condition that you help me. 只要七. 让步状语从句 陈述语序 1.句首放adj Young as she is , she knows a lot. 尽管 2.句首放n Pop star as she is , she still needs to improve.3.句首放v Fail as I did , I would never give up.八.方式状语从句 1. as “像一样” eg: Will you please do the exper

19、iment as I am doing? 2. as if = as though “好象” 从句内容为事实或具有很大可能性,用陈述语气。eg: It seems as if the boy has lost his way. 从句内容不是事实，为主观想象，用虚拟语气。 eg: The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to二、专题精讲 状语从句难点解析 时态 1. 主将从现主将从现是指在在复合句中，由when, as soon as, after, before, until等引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless引导的条件状语从句

20、，都符合“主将从现”的原则，即主句是一般将来时（或用一般现在时表示一般将来时的意义），从句要用一般现在时。通常分为三类情况：(1) 主：（一般将来时）；从：（一般现在时）. I will call you as soon as I arrive in New York. (2) 主：（祈使句）；从：（一般现在时）. Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. (3) 主：（含有情态动词的一般现在时）；从：（一般现在时）. You should be quiet when you are in the reading room【各区模拟卷相关试题】1. Mar

21、y _ to work in the west of China after she graduates from university.A) goes B) will go C) went D) would 2. I will give him the news as soon as he _ back from Beijing tomorrow.A) come B) will come C) comes D) came3. Sam _ us the result as soon as the manager makes a decision.A) tells B) has told C)

22、will tell D) would tell4. May Day is coming. My family _ to have a barbecue if it doesnt rain.A) goes B) will go C) went D) have gone5. The Browns _ a party in the garden if it is fine this weekend.A) have B) will have C) were having D) had6. If it rains heavily, we _some indoor activities instead o

23、f playing football.A) do B) will do C)did D) have done7. You will know its meaning if you_ it up in the dictionaryA. look B. looks C. will look D. looked 8. Sam, _me if you cant work out the report alone.A) call B) will call C) calling D) called2. when 引导时间状语从句，主从句时态问题when既可表示某一时间点，也可表示某一时间段；在when引导

24、的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词既可是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。主句遵循的时态则需看与从句动词的先后关系。(1) 主：（一般将来时）；when从：（一般现在时）. （主从句动作尚未发生）I will tell him when he comes back. (主将从现) (2) 主：（过去进行时）；when从：（一般过去时）. （从句动作在主句动作中发生）When I got home, mom was preparing for the dinner. (3) 主：（过去完成时）；when从：（一般过去时）. （主句动作在从句动作前完成）When

25、 I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes. (4) 主：（一般过去式）；when从：（过去进行时）. （主句动作在从句动作中发生）I met my teacher when I was walking in the street yesterday afternoon. 【各区模拟卷相关试题】1. I _ dinner at my friends house when you called me yesterday evening. A. had B. have had C. was having D. are ha

26、ving2. I _ my bicycle to Wanda Plaza when it suddenly began to rain. I was all wet through.A) am riding B) was riding C) rode D) had ridden3. They _ about how to protect our earth when I entered.A) will talk B) have talked C) are talking D) were talking4. Tom _ a report when I telephoned him yesterd

27、ay afternoon.A) wrote B) is writing C) was written D) was writing5. When I came into the room, Arthur _ a computer game excitedly.A) played B) would play C) was playing D) has played6. Mr. Li and his son _ TV when Jiaozhou Road fire started. A) would watch B) watched C) were watching D) are watching

28、7. The Browns _ dinner when I rang them.A. are having B. had C. was having D. were having8. They _loudly about their work when I went to see them.A) are talking B) were talking C) will talk D) would talk9. When we got to the cinema, the new disaster film 2012_. We missed the beginning.A) began B) ha

29、d begun C) has begun D) will begin10. When I got up in the morning, the rain _ already.A) stops B) will stop C) has stopped D) had stopped3. before引导时间状语从句，主从句时态问题(1) 主：（一般将来时）；before从：（一般现在时）. （主从句动作尚未发生）I will return home before I go out with you. Remember to turn off the light before you leave. (

30、2) 主：（过去完成时）；before从：（一般过去时）. （主句动作在从句动作前完成）They had known each other before they got married. 【各区模拟卷相关试题】1. I will finish my homework before you _ back tomorrow. A. will come B. comes C. would come D. come 2. Linda and her father _ each other for months before they met yesterday afternoon.A. havent seen B. didnt see C. hadnt seen D. wouldnt see3. Mr. Marko _ many countries before he started to wo