高考英语阅读理解大题培优及答案解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解大题培优及答案解析.docx

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高考英语阅读理解大题培优及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Lastweek,VodafonestartedatestoftheUK'sfirstfull5Gservice,availableforusebybusinessesinSalford.ItispartofitsplantotrialthetechnologyinsevenUKcities.Butwhatcanweexpectfromthenextgenerationofmobiletechnology?

   Onethingwewillseeinthepreparationforthetestislotsoftrickswiththenewtech.Earlierthisyear,operatorspaidalmost£1.4billionforthe5Gwavelengths,andtocompensateforthatcash,theywillneedtocatchtheeyeofconsumers.InSeptember,VodafoneuseditsbitoftherangetodisplaytheUK'sfirsthologram（全息）call.TheManchesterCitycaptainStephHoughtonappearedasaholograminNewbury.Itisn'tallholograms,however:

5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom（英国通讯管理局）suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.

   Thewiderapplicationistosupportconnectedequipmentonthe"internetofthings"-notjusttheinternet-enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriverlesscarsanddeliverydrones（无人机）tocommunicatewitheachother.

   ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology. OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.

   Obviously,5Gwillalsobringacosttoconsumers.Itrequiresahandsetforboth5Gand4G,andthefirst5G-enabledsmartphonesareexpectedinthecomingyear.Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.

（1）WhydoesProfWilliamWebbsay"thetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes"?

A. Heisinfavoroftheapplicationofthenewtechnology.

B. 5Gwillbringacosttoconsumersintheirdailylife.

C. 5Ghelpspeoplecommunicatebetterwitheachother.

D. Heprefersmoremoneytobespenton4Gnetworks.

（2）Theunderlinedword"addressing"inthefourthparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto________.

A. makingaspeechto       B. tryingtosolve       C. managingtodecrease       D. respondingto

（3）Thelastparagraphindicatesthat        .

A. it'lltakeseveralyears.tomake5GaccessibletothepublicintheUK

B. 5Gserviceshowshugedevelopmentpotentialandabroadmarket

C. customersareeagertouse5Gsmartphonesinsteadof4Gones

D. it'sprobablethat5GnetworkrolloutisspeedingupinBritain

（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthetext?

A. Vodafoneissuccessfulinspreadingthe5Gservice.

B. StephHoughtonappearedasahologramby4G.

C. Theapplicationof5Gwillmakelifemucheasier.

D. 5GphonesareavailableinruralareasoftheUK.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述的是4G向5G的转变。

5G会给人们带来更多的好处，使人们的生活更加舒适。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第四段中ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.可知，ProfWilliamWebb说“这项技术可能是皇帝新衣的一个例子”是因为他更愿意把更多的钱花在4G网络上。

故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据第四段中OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.“其他不同的声音表示，集中精力推广更广泛的农村宽带接入，解决目前的网络覆盖问题，将对整个英国更有利。

”由此推知划线词的意思是“试图解决”。

故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.可知，最后一段指出，让5G在英国向公众开放需要几年的时间。

故选A。

（4）推理判断题。

根据第二段中5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom（英国通讯管理局）suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.可知，5G的应用将使生活变得更容易。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Thenegative（负面的）healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.

   Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.

   Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.

   "Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."

   Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.

（1）Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?

A. Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.

B. Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.

C. People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.

D. Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.

（2）KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.

A. callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking

B. advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke

C. showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking

D. showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?

A.Havealowopinionofsomething.

B.Increasetheamountofsomething.

C.Cutdownsomethingthatisn'tnecessaryanymore.

D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WeekendCatch-upSleepIsaLie

B.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth

C.ANewStudyHasanUnexpectedDiscovery

D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中KennethWright说的最后两句话可知：

长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样——人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。

睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。

也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。

由破折后的句意：

减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。

可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。

也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段就说明了文章中心。

第一段段意为：

一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。

也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   WhenShakespearewastwenty-one,hewenttoLondon,averyinterestingplace,totryhisfortune.

   TherewasthefamousLondonBridgeandSt.Paul'sCathedral,andpalacesandmarketsandlongstreetsfullofshops.

   Then,too,therewerethedailycrowdswherecouldbeseenpeoplefromallovertheworld.Knights,scholarsandthehighwayman（拦路强盗）orthieves,whohadbeeninfamousfortheircleverrobberies,passedbyeachother.

   Here,also,werenoblemendressedingold,fromItalyandSpainandFrance;slavesfromSpanishAmerica,seacaptainsandministers,soldiersandservants—allheldbychancesorinterestswithinthegraywallswhichcircledLondon,andwhosegatesgavewelcometoasstrangeacrowdascouldbefoundintheworld.

   IntothiscuriouscrowdcameShakespeare,quicktoseeandeagertolearn.Andbeforelongallthesestrangesightswereasfamiliartohimasthefacesofhisowntown'sresidents.Eachonetolditsstorytohimsoplainlythat,asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods,sonowhelearnedmenandmen'sintereststhatmakeupthegreatworld.

   Andhelearnedtheselessonssowellthatwhenhecametowritehisplays,hemadesuchuseofthemasnowriterevermadebeforeorsince;foritistheuseofthisknowledgeoftheworld,combinedwithhisowngenius,thatmakesShakespearethegreatestdramatistthathaseverlived.

（1）WhatwasLondonlikeinShakespeare'seyeswhenhefirstwentthere?

A. Dirtyandsmall.                                                

B. Strangeandinteresting.

C. Infamousandterrible.                                     

D. Familiarandmodern.

（2）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShakespeare?

A. Shakespearegotinspirationtowritefromhishometown,London.

B. ShakespearewaseagertomakefriendswiththenoblemeninLondon.

C. Shakespearewasgoodat