英语一真题解析.docx

英语一真题解析.docx

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英语一真题解析

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语

（一）试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?

Theanswermaybearesounding“yes!

”1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

Inarecentstudy5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants’susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat’susually14withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.”

Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofit

19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.A.UnlikeB.BesidesC.ThroughoutD.Despite

2.A.equalB.restrictedC.connectedD.inferior

3.A.hostB.viewC.lessonD.choice

4.A.recallB.forgetC.avoidD.keep

5.A.collectingB.affectingC.guidingD.involving

6.A.onB.inC.atD.of

7.A.devotedB.exposedC.lostD.attracted

8.A.alongB.acrossC.downD.out

9.A.imaginedB.deniedC.doubtedD.calculated

10.A.servedB.explainedC.restoredD.required

11.A.ThusB.StillC.RatherD.Even

12.A.defeatsB.symptomsC.errorsD.tests

13.A.highlightedB.minimizedC.controlledD.increased

14.A.associatedB.equippedC.presentedD.compared

15.A.assessB.moderateC.generateD.record

16.A.inthefaceofB.intheformofC.inthenameofD.inthewayof

17.A.attributeB.commitC.transferD.return

18.A.unlessB.becauseC.thoughD.until

19.A.vanishesB.emergesC.remainsD.decreases

20.A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.Influences

【答案】

1.【B】Besides

2.【C】connected

3.【A】host

4.【C】avoid

5.【D】involving

6.【A】on

7.【B】exposed

8.【C】down

9.【D】calculated

10.【B】explained

11.【D】Even

12.【B】symptoms

13.【D】increased

14.【A】associated

15.【C】generate

16.【A】inthefaceof

17.【A】attribute

18.【B】because

19.【C】remains

20.【D】influences

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:

WastedtimeisadragonAmericans’economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago’sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:

EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck’sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessaryline's.Itislongpasttimeomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.Airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto

[A]quieter.

[B]faster.

[C]wider.

[D]cheaper.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text1【答案】

21.【B】explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecurityworldwide

22.【C】Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers

23.【D】faster

24.【D】anunreasonblepriceforenrollment

25.【A】LessScreeningforMoreSafety

Text2

“TheancientHawaiiansareastronomers”,wroteQueenLilihuokalani,Hawii’slastreigningmonarch,in1987,StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestershaveeruptofoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）,agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofcosmos.

AttheissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adomantvolcanoworshipedbyhsomeHawaiianaspoko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandtotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePercificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofsurpassedclarity.

OppositionstotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderofoccupationofwhatwasonesasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuiltbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayforunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands’inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnottherelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturehistory,too,whichrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtclearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanbothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies.Asifansweringaprimarycallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcomprisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesretunedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A].herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy

[B].theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety

[C].theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes

[D].herappreciationo