四级模拟试题.docx

四级模拟试题.docx

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四级模拟试题

四级模拟一

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

AidEducationinChina.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:

　　1.每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。

　　2.支教活动的意义。

　　3.我的看法。

　　提示:

在实际考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

　　Aid--EducationinChina

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswithinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　WillWeRunOutofWater?

　　Picturea“ghostship”sinkingintothesand,lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.

　　Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld?

ForpeoplelivingneartheAralsea（咸海）inCentralAsia,it’salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago,governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate（providewaterfor）farmland.Asaresult,theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize,stranding（使搁浅）shipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted,killingall24nativespeciesoffish.

　　Similarlarge--scaleeffortstoredirectwaterinotherpartsoftheworldhavealsoendedinecologicalcrisis,accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems,eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why?

Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater,andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.

　　“Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater,”saysPeterH.Gleick,anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment,Environment,andSecurity,aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025,asmanyasone--thirdoftheworld’sprojected（预测的）8.3billionpeoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

　　WHEREWATERGOES

　　Only2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater,watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood,saysSandraPostel,directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst,Mass.Two--thirdsofthisfreshwaterislockedinglaciers（冰山）andicecaps（冰盖）.Infact,onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle,inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere,thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation（rainorsnow）.

　　Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans,andsomebecomesgroundwater,waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonRiverbasininBrazil,wherefewpeoplelive.Infact,theworld’spopulationhasaccesstoonly12,500cubickilometersoffreshwater—abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior（苏必利尔湖）.Andpeopleusehalfofthisamountalready.“Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly,”saysPostel,“therewillbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquatic（水的）environment.”

　　CLOSETOHOME

　　Waterwoes（灾难）mayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages,tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers（地下蓄水层），layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.（Foreveryliterofsurfacewater,morethan90litersarehiddenunderground.）AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers,farmers,ranchers,andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenish（补充）it.InnorthwestTexas,forexample,overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent,accordingtoPostel.

　　Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless,oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee,400,000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium（隐孢子虫），amicrobe（微生物）thatcausesfever,diarrhea（腹泻）andvomiting.

　　THESOURCE

　　Wheresocontaminantscomefrom?

Indevelopingcountries,peopledumpraw（未经处理的）sewage（污水）intothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterborne（饮水传染的）diseases.

　　Indevelopedcountries,manufacturersuse100,000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.（Certaincompounds,suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls（多氯化联二苯），orPCBs,havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.）

　　Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners,carantifreeze,andpaintthinners（稀释剂）downthedrain;allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.

　　Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides,chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutinsectsbutthatpolluteswateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates,nitrogen--richfertilizerthathelpsplantsgrowbutthatcanwreakhavoc（大破坏）ontheenvironment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates“overenrich”thesebodiesofwater,encouragingthebuildupofalgae,ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive,attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.

　　WHAT’STHESOLUTION?

　　WaterexpertGleickadvocatesconservationandlocalsolutionstowater--relatedproblems;governments,forinstance,wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmall--scaledamsratherthanhugeanddisruptiveprojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.

　　“Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon’thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinkingwater,”saysGleick.“Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryone—governmentsandordinarypeople—tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife.”

　　　1.ThatthehugewaterprojectshavedivertedtheriverscausestheAralSeatoshrink.

　　2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojectsdoesmoregoodthanharm.

　　3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortagearepopulationgrowthandwaterpollution.

　　4.TheproblemsAmericansfaceconcerningwateraregroundwatershrinkageandtapwaterpollution.

　　5.Accordingtothepassageallwaterpollutantscomefromhouseholdwaste.

　　6.ThepeoplelivingintheUnitedStateswillnotbefacedwithwatershortages.

　　7.WaterexpertGleickhascomeupwiththebestsolutiontowater—relatedproblems.

　　8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick,bytheyear2025,asmanyasoftheworld’speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

　　9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.

　　10.Indevelopedcountries,beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid.

　　PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

　　Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

　　11.A）Talktohissister.

　　B）Lookatamap.

　　C）Goonadiet.

　　D）Tellthemanwhy.

　　12.A）Dowhateverhasbeenplanned.

　　B）Haveapicnicandgocamping.

　　C）Eatoutandseeaplay.

　　D）Gotothebeach.

　　13.A）Theweatherwasbetter.

　　B）Theweatherwasalittlebitwarmer.

　　C）Theweatherwasalittlebitcolder.

　　D）Theweatherwascoolerthanexpected.

　　14.A）Mr.Stewardishonest.

　　B）Mr.Stewardlookshonest.

　　C）Mr.Stewardlooksdishonest.

　　D）Mr.Stewardisdishonest.

　　15.A）Hedidquitewellwithit.

　　B）Hehasmoneyproblemnow.

　　C）Heisinneedofqualifiedstaff.

　　D）Hecouldnotcarryitonanymore.

　　16.A）＄2.00.B）＄6.00.C）＄4.00.D）＄5.00.

　　17.A）TheywillspendthesummerinItaly.

　　B）TheyarebothfromEurope.

　　C）Theyarebothstudents.

　　D）Theyarebothinterestedinart.

　　18.A）Notgettingwhatshewants.

　　B）Acustomthatisnewtoher.

　　C）Callingupcustomers.

　　D）Someofhergoodfriends.

　　Question19to22isbasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

　　19.A）Amoreeconomicaldieselfuel.

　　B）Characteristicsofanewtypeoffuel.

　　C）Whereanewenergysourceislocated.

　　D）Howtodevelopalternativeenergysources.

　　20.A）He’sstudyingforatest.

　　B）Helosthisnotes.

　　C）Hemissedtheclass.

　　D）He’sdoingresearchonalternative.

　　21.A）Itwillreducetheamountofpollutantsintheair.

　　B）Itwillincreasetheamountofunpleasantodorsfromvehicles.

　　C）Itwilleventuallydestroytheozonelayer.

　　D）Itwillreducethecostofrunninglargevehicles.

　　22.A）Tohelphimexplaintheinformationtohisroommate.

　　B）Tohelphimwriteapaper.

　　C）Toprepareforatest.

　　D）Totellherifthenotesareaccurate.

　　Question23to25isbasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

　　23.A）Thewomanhaspassed