六级与四级的区别.docx
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六级与四级的区别
六级与四级的区别:
一、词——词汇量5500。
二、句——出题考长句子。
三、段——所有句子都认识,但不知道整段的意思。
But,Yet,However转折连词后面是重点,常考点。
四、选项——有迷惑选项,不像四级那么清晰。
原文重现:
原文告诉你选什么,你就应该选什么,不能凭感觉和想象。
尽量少读:
六级更多的对点出题,而不是对面出题。
六级题型:
1.主旨题(SumUp/Title)--看文章每段第一句
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?
A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.
B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.
C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.
D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.
注:
文章三段第一句都出现automation,两段出现labour,因此这两个词是重点,必然在选项中出现。
Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".
注:
refersto下定义
Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.
注:
labour雇员
Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.
注:
union工会,和雇员有关
2.词汇题——找词所在句子关系
转折关系。
例如:
六级很难,但是……,找转折连词But,Yet,However。
并列关系。
例如:
AandB,问A就把B内容填进去。
解释关系。
用because和从句inwhich等联系。
例如:
30.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson______.
A)whoservesasamodelforothers
B)whoisalwayssuccessful
C)whocanbedependedupon
D)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess
(文章前四段省略)
Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.
注:
把握and前后是并列关系。
3.细节题--直接细节、因果推理、暗示
例如:
31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago____________.
A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories
B)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees
C)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers
D)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers
34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis_______.
A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee
B)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations
C)moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations
D)asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization
Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:
middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.
Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿记).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.
4.作者态度题(attitude)——正负态度
凡是文章探讨新事物——正态度
凡是文章探讨老事物——负态度
例外:
中立题
25.Thewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis______.
A)affectionate
B)disapproving
C)approving
D)neutral
●例子:
例子必出题。
文章有论点-论据-论证,例子是论证,用来支持论点,所以简而言之,例子本身不重要,但前后论点极其重要。
例子开始的标志:
forexample,后面跟着大写、时间、年代,依然是举例内容。
例子含义的标志:
show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearly
[Page72]
IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies'livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990's,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(猫头鹰),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters-andtheowls-wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.
注:
1.controversial的意思是受争议的,同“sharplypoliticalissue”,contro表示“反”
2.forexample前句子是重点
3.problematic悬而未决的
Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使穷困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.
注:
1.tension张力,冲突
2.看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。
3.But转折是重点
ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth'sozonelayer(臭氧层),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweblife.
36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversial
issue?
A)Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.
B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.
C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.
注:
细节题。
第一段economicinterests
●表示绝对的词--出现在文章中,是非常重要的出题点;如果出现在选项中,很可能是不对的。
全无:
non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither...nor
全有:
all-every-full-either…
唯一:
only-exactly-best-most
37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.
A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.
B)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries.
C)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation.
D)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries.
注:
细节题,对应文章第二段。
举例前那句话更重要,只要表达出“和经济利益冲突”就对了。
38.Accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood_______.
A)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.
B)isbutashort-termrelieftothefoodproblem.
C)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood.
D)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations.
注:
对应文章第二段。
Short-term对应temporarily,relief对应avoid。
39.Among“humanity'scurrentproblems”(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientists
is_______.
A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries.
B)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation.
C)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity.
D)theeffectofglobalwarming.
注:
第三段。
C选项中reduction对应rob,diversity对应richness。
40.Theauthor'spurposeinw