2高考英语书面表达训练三步法.docx

2高考英语书面表达训练三步法.docx

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2高考英语书面表达训练三步法

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英语作文训练的三大步

第一步,文从字顺的初级阶段

第二步,多悟思变的过渡阶段

第三步,文质兼美的高级阶段

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第一步：

文从字顺的初级阶段

语言错误多，汉语式的句子多

多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。

最突出的语言错误有以下几种：

（1）主谓不一致。

①FatherandIamgoingtovisither.

②Myuncleoftengotothecinemahimself.

（2）时态、语态混用。

①Themealissonicethatweallenjoyeditverymuch.

②Theoldmanknockeddownbythecarandinjuredbadly.

（3）句子成分残缺。

①Butthecarwhichpaintedreddidn’tstop.

②Theyoungmanrunninginthestreetfast.

③Hewouldn’tabletoworkouttheproblem.

④Weallagainstallformsofterroristactivities.

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（4）习惯搭配乱用。

①Iverylikethenovel.

②Thenwesetoffdigging,plantingandwatering.

（5）汉式英语。

a）Thecarisyellowcolour.

b）Hecostfiveyuantobuyanewdictionary.

c）Recentlyourvillagehastakenplacegreatchanges.

d）ThefactorybrokeoutabigfirelastSunday.

e）Chinesepopulationismany.

（6）名词单、复数不分。

①HewillgiveusatalkonAmericanfilm.

②Heisoneofthebestplayerinourschool.

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（7）赘词现象严重。

①Atlast,thelostboyreturnedback.

②Ononeday,hewenttothecinema.

（8）用词不当。

Ihopeyoutohelpthegirlwithherhomework.

（9）拼写和词形变化错误。

①Thecarhittedtheoldmananddrivedaway.

②Onhiswaytoschool,hesewalittlegirl.

（10）前后人称不一致。

①Swimmingandfootballarehisfavouritesports,helikesitallhislife.

②Thelittlegirlusuallygoestoschoolat7inthemorning,buttodayhewaslateforschool.

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（11）结构错误:

a）Havingheardthenews,herheartbeatfasterandfaster.

b）Hewroteabout300stories,someofthemhadbeentranslatedintoChinese.

c）Weshouldteachchildrendon’tplayandridebikesontheroad.

d）Therewerehundredsofstudentscouldn’tgotoschoolbecausetheywerepoor.

（12）词义不清楚:

a）Hemanagedtoswimacrosstheriver,butfailed.

b）I’vedelayedtoreturnyouthebookEnglishUsage,whichyouborrowedmetwodaysbefore.

c）Iwasverydifficulttorefuseandhadtoreceiveherinvitation.

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第二步：

多悟思变的过渡阶段

句子表达多样性的途径

高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高级词汇、复杂句式、过渡性词语和不同的表达方式，从而增加文章的可读性和表现力。

1）改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分、倒装句、强调句、感叹句等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动活泼。

a.Hegotupveryearlytocatchthebus.

→Tocatchthebus，hegotupveryearly.

b.Thegirl,hungryandthirsty,wentbackhome.

→Thegirlwentbackhome,hungryandthirsty.

c.Tomknewhismistakesonlythen.

→OnlythendidTomknowhismistakes.

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●d.Thenewsthatourfootballteamhadwoncamesoon.

●→Thenewscamesoonthatourfootballteamhadwon.

●e.Itbegantorainjustatteno’clock.

●→e.Itwasatteno’clockitbegantorain...

●

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2）　用复合句（定从、状从、名词性从句、并列句等）来代替简单句，使语言由松散变凝练，增强句子的连贯性和句意的表现力，使行文更富文采。

a）IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeast.Atthattime,anelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.

→IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.

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●IheardthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.Iwasexcited.

●→IwasexcitedtohearthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames

●b）TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaostreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.

●→Theflat,whichisinabuildingonFangcaostreet.,isnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.

●c）Thisistheplace.Iworkedwiththefarmersinthepast.

●→ThisistheplacewhereIworkedwiththefarmersinthepast.

●d）Marystoodinfrontofthewindow.Fromthatplaceshecouldseeherclassmatesplayingfootball.

●→Marystoodinfrontofthewindowfromwhereshecouldseeherclassmatesplayingfootball.

●

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3）同位语从句与写作

1.IbelieveyouhavehardlyanyideahowanxiousI’vebeenforyoursafety.

2.Ihadlittleideaatthattimewhethertheywerewillingtogivemeahand.

3.IhavehardlyanydoubtthatshecandoaswellasIcan.

4.Ihavenoimpressionwhathehaddonebefore.

5.Inmyopinion,thereseemstobeafearinhimthathewouldbetakeninbyus.

6.Thereseemstobenopossibilitythathighoilpriceswillhaveaprofoundimpactontheworldeconomy.

7.TheproblemmustbepaidattentiontothatmoreandmoreschoolchildrenareaddictedtoInternetgames.

8.Yoursuggestionmadelastweekthatweworkersshouldgetapayrisehasnowbeenadopted.

9.Wordcamethatourteamhadwonthegame.

10.Mystudentsholdthepointthatwhatabooksaysisright.

11.DadmadeapromiselastnightthatifIpassedtheexam,hewouldbuymeapresent.

12.Itisaninterestingfactthatwhenmentrytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

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4）多使用短语结构来简化从句或合并短句：

常见的短语结构有分词短语、介词短语、名词短语、同位语结构和独立主格结构。

Itwasfine.Wewentout.

→Itbeingfine,wewentout.

Whenyouarecrossingthestreet,youmustbeverycareful.

→Whencrossingthestreet,youmustbeverycareful.

Ifthetreesweregivenmorewater,theywouldhavegrownbetter.

→Givenmorewater,theywouldhavegrownbetter.

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●Theyoungmancouldn’thelpcryingwhenheheardthebadnews.

●→Hearingthebadnews，theyoungmancouldn’thelpcrying.

●It’sasmallflat.It’s25squaremeters.Ithasabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.

●→It’sasmallflatof25squaremeters,withabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.

●

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第三步：

文质兼美的高级阶段

精确词汇及高级词汇：

1.Hewillbearrivingsoon.

→Hewillbearrivingprettysoon.

2.Theypouredthewastewaterintotheriver.

→Theypouredthewastewaterdirectlyintotheriver.

3.Hegotangry.

→Hegotalittlebitangry.

4.Idon’tunderstand.

→Idon’tquiteunderstand.

5.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,youcanshoutout.

→Ifyouhaveanyproblems,justyell.

6.Theyplantedtreesaroundtheschool.

→Theyplantedtreesthroughoutthecampus.

7.Thepolicetreatedthewhitesbetterthantheblacks.

→Thepolicefavoredthewhiteovertheblack.

8.“Whataretheydoing?

”hethought.

→“Whataretheydoing?

”hefigured.

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●怎样使用较高级的词汇和“固式结构”:

●Becausetheweatherwasgood,ourjourneywascomfortable.

●→Theweatherbeinggood,ourjourneywascomfortable.

●2.Weallthinkheisagreatman.

●→Weallconsiderhimtobeagreatman.

●3.SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea.

→Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtome.

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使用排比

①Whetheryourtastesaremodernontraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.

②Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.

③Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.

长短句交替使用，体现表达节奏美

长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。

长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。

长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。

短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。

在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。

这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。

例如：

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Wecanimaginethebeautifulsurroundings.Therearemanytreesalongthestreets.Thereisacleanriverinthecity.Therearemanyfishesintheriver.Therearewillowtreesontheoneside.

Therearesomepiecesofgrasslandontheotherside.Therearemanyflowersonthem.

文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七八词左右，十分单调。

下面是修改后的段落：

Justimaginethebeautifulsurroundingsifwemakeourcitiesgreener.Greentreeslinethestreets.Acleanriverwindsthroughthecity,inwhichalotoffishesaround.Ontheonesidestandrowsofwillowtrees.Ontheothersideliesastretchofgrasslandsprinkledwithmanyyellowandredflowers.

改写后的这段文字，有长句，也有短句，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。

不仅使句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。

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为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。

请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。

有关内容如下：

时间：

5月第一周

活动：

（1）演唱歌曲：

流行歌曲

（2）器乐演奏：

古典和民间音乐

（3）音乐比赛：

听歌曲片段，然后猜出处

地点：

届时通知

参加者请于4月20日前报名。

注意：

（1）书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文；

（2）可以适当增减细节；

（3）词数100左右；

（4）通知格式已为你写好。

参考词汇：

古典—classical民间—folk

比赛—contest乐器—musical-instruments

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NOTICE

①TheStudentsUnionhasdecidedtoorganizeamusicweek.②Theaimoftheactivitiesistoenrichthelivesofforeignstudents.③ItwillbeheldinthefirstweekofMay.④Theactivitiesincludesingingpopsongsandplayingclassicalandfolkmusic.⑤Bringyourownmusicalinstruments,please.⑥Amusiccontestwillbeincluded,too.⑦Thestudentstakingpartinthecontestwilllistentoapartofasongorapieceofmusic,andthenguesswhereitcomesfrom.⑧Ifyou’dliketotakepartinthemusicweek,pleasecomeandsignupforitbeforeApril20th.⑨Theplacefortheactivitieswillbeannouncedlater.

⑩Cometothegreatfun!

Students’Union

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过渡词的应用:

有的学生在作文中使用过多的简单句，成了简单句的堆砌，句子之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。

有的写复杂句时，动辄用so,and,then,but,or,however,yet等，这非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。

如果合理使用过渡词，将单句前后合并，形成主次关系，就能把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、意义连贯、结构严谨。

。

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使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。

例如：

Naturalresourcesareverylimited.Theywillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Itisnottrue.Butitbecomesamajorconcernaroundtheworld.Thisisawidelyacceptedfact.

这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。

Itisawidelyacceptedfact__that__thereisamajorconcernaroundtheworldwhere___theexhaustionoflimitednaturalresourcesinthenearfuture,___which___itisconsideredtobetrue.

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启、承、转、合的过渡词语：

（1）用于“启”的过渡词语（常用在段落或文章的开头）

first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,

Itisoftensaidthat…

Astheproverbsays…

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…

Itisclear/obviousthat…

Manypeopleoftenask…

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启、承、转、合的过渡词语：

（2）用于“承”的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中）

second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,