英语高考英语阅读理解题20套带答案及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解题20套带答案及解析
（英语）高考英语阅读理解题20套（带答案）及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Oneofthebiggestproblemswhenwearetalkingistheawkwardsilence.Encounteringthissituationissouncomfortablethatyouwouldavoidmeetingnewpeopleinthefirstplace.Inthepast,IstruggledwiththisandIeventhoughtithadtodowithmyDNAorsomething…ButlaterIlearnedthatonceyouknowhowtokeepthosewordsflowing,youcanmeetandtalktoanyoneyoulike,whichhelpscreategreatpossibilitiesforfriendship,funandsharedactivitiesthatyouwouldotherwisehavemissedouton.
Afterstudyingthisindepth,Ihaddifferentopinionsandfoundthatoneofthesecommonbehaviorsisthehabitoffiltering（过滤）--holdingbackfromsayingsomethinguntilyou've"checked"tomakesurethatwhatyou'reabouttosayiscool,impressiveandinteresting.Anotherproblemisnotlearningtogetinthemoodforconversation.Ifyoudon'tknowhowtochangefromsubjects,thenitcantakealotoftimetowarmup.
Itisthereflex（习惯性思维）thatallowsyoutosaywhatevergoesoninyourmind.It'sfuntorealizethatyou'reallowedtosaywhateverisonyourmind.Aslongasyoudon'tsayanythingthatcouldlandyouinjail（监狱）.
Allofthe"Oh!
That'sinteresting…""Hmm,I'veneverheardofthat""Hmm,cool!
"expressionsarereactionary（保守的）bitsofconversationthatprovetotheotherpersonthatyou'rereallylistening.Thisworks99%ofthetime.So,ifyoushowsomeinterest,they'llhangaroundandwanttotalktoyouevenmore.
Everyoneknowsthatstoriesjuice-upconversations,butmostpeopleonlytalkaboutstoriesoftheirownlives.Whensomeonementionssomethingrelatedtoanyofthem,justtellthestory,evenifit'snotfromyourlife.Themoreinteresting,strangerormorefrighteningtheyare,thehardertheyaretoforget.
（1）Ifpeoplecandealwiththeawkwardsilence,theycan .
A. traintheirworkingskill
B. improvetheirlifequality
C. enrichtheirsociallife
D. establishtheirworkingrelationship
（2）Whentalkingwithothers,weshould .
A. feelnervous
B. thinktwice
C. befreetoexpress
D. avoidbreakingin
（3）Accordingtothepassage,whatdothespeakerscaremuchabout?
A. Theattractivetopicsofconversation. B. Theatmosphereoftheconversation.
C. Thelistener'sexperiencesandtastes. D. Thelistener'scuriosityandconcern.
（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"juice-upconversations"mean?
A. makingconversationsmoreboring
B. makingconversationslivelier
C. makingconversationssmoother D. makingconversationsmorerelaxing
【答案】
（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文本文是一篇议论文，我们谈话时最大的问题之一是尴尬的沉默。
遇到这种情况是很不舒服的。
作者就这一论点表达了自己的观点。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“ButlaterIlearnedthatonceyouknowhowtokeepthosewordsflowing,youcanmeetandtalktoanyoneyoulike,whichhelpscreategreatpossibilitiesforfriendship,funandsharedactivities”可知如果在谈话时能打破尴尬的沉默，知道说什么，怎么说，就能为友谊，乐趣和共享活动创造巨大的可能性，就能丰富社交生活。
故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Itisthereflex（习惯性思维）thatallowsyoutosaywhatevergoesoninyourmind.It'sfuntorealizethatyou'reallowedtosaywhateverisonyourmind.”可知习惯性思维让我们表达我们内心所想，意识到你可以说出你心里想说的话，是很有趣的。
所以在和别人交流时我们应该自由表达。
故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Allofthe‘Oh!
That'sinteresting…’‘Hmm,I'veneverheardofthat’‘Hmm,cool!
‘expressionsarereactionary（保守的）bitsofconversationthatprovetotheotherpersonthatyou'rereallylistening.和ifyoushowsomeinterest,they'llhangaroundandwanttotalktoyouevenmore.”听者的赞美之词和他们有兴趣想了解更多的好奇心和关注，是说者最关心的。
故选D。
（4）考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Themoreinteresting,strangerormorefrighteningtheyare,thehardertheyaretoforget.”可知故事越有趣或越惊险，就越吸引人，听者就越难忘记，这说明了故事在谈话中的重要性。
划线词语所在的句子指每个人都知道故事会让对话变得生动有趣，“juice-upconversations”指让对话变得生动有趣，与B项同义。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
YoucanseeaseaturtlenamedHerman,anoctopus（章鱼）calledOctavia,andasealnamedLidiaattheSmithsonian'sNationalZooinWashington,D.C.Ratherthanrealanimals,theyareactuallyartworksmadeoutofplastictrashfromtheocean.
Theseartworksarepartofatravelingexhibitcalled"WashedAshore:
ArttoSavetheSea".TheWashedAshoreproject,ledbytheartistcalledPozzi,workstoraiseawarenessaboutplasticpollutioninEarth'soceans.
Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceanstoday.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.Rainwater,winds,andhightidesbringthetrashintotheoceanorintoriversthatleadtotheocean.Onceitisunderthewaves,theplasticbeginstobreakupintosmallerandsmallerpieces.
Thousandsofseaanimalsdieeachyearfromeatingplasticbagsandotherthings.Eachyear,millionsmorepoundsofplasticendupintheocean.Arecentstudyfoundthatifthatcontinues,by2050thetotalweightofplasticwillbemorethanthatofallthefishintheocean.
TheWashedAshoreprojectisworkingtostopthatfromhappening.Since2010,WashedAshorevolunteershavecollected38,000poundsofplastictrashfrommorethan300milesofbeaches.TheyhelpedPozzicreatemorethan60artworksofseacreaturesharmedbyplasticpollution.
"Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversity（生物多样性）onlandandinthesea,"saysDennisKelly,directoroftheNationalZoo.
（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheartworksshownattheSmithsonian'sNationalZoo?
A. Toletpeopleknowaboutanimalsintheocean.
B. Tointroduceonewayofrecyclingplastictrash.
C. Towarnpeopleofplasticpollutionintheocean.
D. ToshowPozzi'sgreatgiftforcreatingartworks.
（2）Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesourceofplasticpollutionintheocean?
A. Garbagefromtownsandcities.
B. Trashleftonbeachesbypeople.
C. Plasticbagsbrokenupbywaves.
D. Littercreatedbyhumanactivities.
（3）ThedatainParagraph5isgiventoprovethat .
A. plasticpollutionwillbemoreseriousintheocean
B. moreandmoreartworksofseacreatureswillbemade
C. theWashedAshoreprojecthasmadegreatachievements
D. volunteerscansolvetheoceanpollutionsuccessfullyby2050
（4）What'sDennisKelly'sattitudetowardstheartworks?
A. Worried.
B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unconcerned.
（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. TurningTrashintoArt
B. WorkingforWashedAshore
C. CollectingPlasticTrash
D. StoppingEnvironmentalPollution
【答案】
（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”可知这些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。
即：
警醒人民注意海洋中的塑料污染。
故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceans,today.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.”可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。
故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第五段中所列的数字信息可以证明：
该项目最近几年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有3800吨垃圾被清理）。
故选C。
（4）考查观点态度。
根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”其中关键信息“powerfulreminder”可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作用的有力证明，故选B。
（5）考查主旨大意。
本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海洋保护意识。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Scientistshavediscovereda"monsterblackhole"somassivethat,intheory,itshouldn'texist.
It'sastellarblackhole—thetypethatformsafterstarsdie,collapse,andexplode.Researchershadpreviouslybelievedthatthesizelimitwasnomorethan20timesthemassofoursunbecause8Sthesestarsdie,theylosemostoftheirmassthroughexplosionsthatexpelmatterandgassweptawaybystellarwinds
ThistheoryhasnowbeentoppledbyLB-1,thenewlydiscoveredblackhole.Locatedabout15.000lightyearsaway,ithasamass70timesgreaterthanoursun,accordingtoapressreleasefromtheChineseAcademyofSciences.
ThefindingswerepublishedbyChineseresearchersinthejournalNatureonWednesday.
"Blackbolesofsuchmassshouldnotevenexistinourgalaxy,accordingtomostofthecurrentmodelsofstellarevolution,"saidLiuJifeng,headoftheteamthatmadethediscovery."LB-1istwiceasmassiveaswhatwethoughtpossible.Nowtheoristswillhavetotakeupthechallengeofexplainingitsformation."
ScientistsarenowscratchingtheirheadsathowLB-1gotsohuge.
TheChineseteamhasproposedanumberoftheories.LB-1'sheersizesuggeststhatit"wasnotformedfromthecollapseofonlyonestar,"thestudysaid—instead,itcouldpotentiallybetwosmallerblackholesorbitingeachother.
Anotherpossibilityisthatitformedfrom"fallbacksupermova."Thisiswhenasupernoma—thelaststageofanexplodingstar—ejectsmaterialduringtheexplosion,whichthenfallsbackintothesupernova,creatingablackhole.
Thisfallbackformationistheoreticallypossiblebutscientistshaveneverbeenabletoproveorobserveit.IfthisishowLB-1formed,thenwemayhave"directevidenceforthisprocess"forthefirsttime,thestudysaid.
ThereareseveraltypesofblackholesandstellarblackholeslikeLB-1areonthesmallerside,accordingtoNASA.Supermassiveblackholesaremuchbigger—theycanbebilli
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