高中英语语法考点提纲.docx

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高中英语语法考点提纲.docx

高中英语语法考点提纲

高中英语语法考点提纲

实验高中王春强

冠词;数词

泛指与特指

序数词和比较级加冠词

never…abetterone

athirdone=another=thenext

thebetteroneofthetwo

amostimportantmatter

词组辨异

attable—atthetable

outofquestion—outofthequestion

gotothecinema—gotoacinema

asecond;amost…

thebalanceofnature;space;theuniverse;

thetelephone(invention)

theChineselanguage

专有名词:

TheSmiths;atHarold’s;buyaChinaDaily;achemistandmathematician;inthe1980s;inhisfifties;TheUnitedStates(America);theSpringFestival;(anartfestival)

a+不可数名词

agoodknowledgeofEnglish;ascience

名词;代词;主谓一致

不定代词(复合代词):

指代的单复数:

everyone;each;everyone;much;most;none;neither;half;

后置修饰语:

that定语从句;形容词后置;介词短语;非谓语形式

可否接of短语:

everyone-everyone;none—noone;

几组辨异词:

other;theother;another;others;theothers

none;neither;noone;nothing

every;everyone;everyone;each;anyone

any;some;something;anything

few;afew;little;alittle

反身代词:

词组;enjoy;devote;accustom;make(…done)—oneself

反身动词(seat;dress;station;locate;hide;devote;adapt;prepare;etc);

自己的怎么说:

one’sown…;a…ofone’sown;

集合名词:

group;population;audience;team;family;majority;vocabulary;etc.

thecattle;thepeople;thepolice;clothes;(pl.)

可数名词与不可数名词:

twopiecesofpaper;apairoftrousers(they;thispair);etc.

twodollars;tenmiles;

就近/远原则:

neithernor…;-----aswellas;togetherwith

else:

somethingelse;anyoneelse;whoelse;whoelse’s

形容词;副词

比较句型

as…as,

notso…as,

more…than,

lessoftenthan,

themore…theless;

moreandmore

思考:

Youcan’tlearnaforeignlanguageovernight___youcaneatamealinonemouthful.A.nomorethanB.anymorethanC.justasD.asif(解法:

not=not;not≠yes)

Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindEnglish.

A.learningB.tolearnC.ittolearnD.whenyoulearn

倍数表达

twiceasmany(cars)as

twicemorethan

twicetheproductionof

doubledthescoreofhisopponent.

Manythingsnowcostdoublewhattheydidafewyearsago

比较级表最高

morethananyothercountry;

morethantheothercountries,

morethananyoftheothercountries;

Noonecanbemorestrictthanhe.

Ihaveneverseenamoremagnificentscenethanthis.

Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindittolearnEnglish.

比较词组

as…aspossible,

as…asonecan,

as…asanything,

aswellas,

and…aswell,

solongas,

sofaras,

assoonas,

sofar,

soasto,

asfor,

asarule,

asaresult,

asamatteroffact,

asawhole,

asto;

morethan,

nomorethan,

nolessthan,

nothinglessthan,

otherthan,

nootherthan,

ratherthan,

nosooner…than,

nomore,notanymore,

nolonger,notanylonger;

动词;时态和语态

系动词:

get;seem;appear;turn;fall;become;remain;stay;prove;turnout;etc.

情态动词用法:

should;shall;may;can;dare;need;

haveto;usedto;etc.(否定;结构辨析)

各种时态的基本用法(时间状语;语境语气;句型;)

句型中的特定时态

ItisseveralyearssinceIsawherlasttime.

ItwasseveralyearssinceIhadsawhim.

ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.

ThatwasthesecondtimeIhadbeenthere.

Jimmyhadhardlygotothestationwhenthebusleft.

Itishightimethatyoudidyourhomework.

Themanagerwillseeyouifheisfreetomorrow.

Themanseemsasifhehadbeentheremanytimes

IwouldhaveseenthefilmifIhadhadtimeyesterday.(虚拟语气)

Hedidn’tseetheresultuntilheleft.

Itwasnotuntilthenthatheknewhehadbeencheated.

Itisnecessarythatweshouldlearnhardsoastopasstheexamination.

Ididn’tthinkyouwerecomingtoday.

Itwillbelongbeforewetakeoverthecity.

Itwasseveralyearsbeforeconstructionofthebuildingwasstarted..

Gostraightandyouwillseeapostacrossthestreet.

Inthepastfewyearswehavebuiltsevenhighways.

Bytheendoflastyearhehadlearnedtwothousandwords.

SofarIhaveknownheisafalsefriend.

Bythetimeyougottherehewillhaveleft.

主动语态表被动:

prove;blame;sell;turnout;require;resultfrom;

非谓语动词(参考资料)

非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,学生常常对此感到头疼。

其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点,做起题来会很轻松。

我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。

熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后,做题时可分四步分析。

一、分析句子结构

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.Told C.HewastoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned

分析:

句1.用连词but引导并列句子,因此,前面也是个独立句子成分,故选C。

句2.句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,非谓语动词作状语。

句3.同句2,选A。

句4.前面用if引导从句,故选C,构成从句谓语。

句5.同句1,选C。

二、分析逻辑主语

确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。

非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。

非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。

若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing 

2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.

分析:

句1.表示“没有公共汽车”,应用“therebe”结构,即逻辑主语是“there”,故选A。

句2.同理选D。

三、分析语态

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

分析:

句1.“地球”被“看起来”,表被动,故选A,用过去分词表被动。

句2.我们“主动看……”即表主动,故选B。

3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed

分析:

句3.前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语,逻辑主语是“thedirtyclothes”,和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”,故选B。

句4.逻辑主语为句子的主语“thegirl”,表示“女孩洗衣服”,为主动关系,故选D。

四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt C.beingbuiltD.built 

句1中now说明大楼正在被修,故用进行式,选C。

句2中nextyear说明大楼将在明年被修,故用表将来的不定式,选B。

句3中lastyear说明大楼已被修,但不能选,因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语,故用过去分词,选D。

又如:

1.Hestoodthere______forhismother.

2.______fortwohours,hewentaway.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.Havingwaited

句1表示“站在那等”,两个动词同时发生,故选A作伴随状语。

句2表示已经等了两个小时,发生在谓语动词“wentaway”之前,故用完成式,选D。

需要注意的是,非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目,要认清否定形式,非谓语动词的否定都应将not放在前面。

如:

Whatisthereasonfor______there?

A.notyourgoingB.notyourgoC.yournotgoingD.younottogo

何种情况下出现动名词/不定式?

(介词;动词;suchas…;做主语,etc.)

只接“动名词”做宾语的词:

建议suggest冒险risk去献身devote,

忍受bear/stand期待lookforwardto不停顿keep。

放弃giveup延期putoff/delay悔regret失去miss,

坚持insiston/stickto/keepon欣赏enjoy/appreciate/feellike实践practise成finish。

注意payattentionto原谅excuse避avoid反对objectto,

考虑consider要求demand/require/need不自禁can’thelp。

顾及allowfor习惯beaccustomedto/beusedto不介意mind,

值得beworth开始setabout想imagine动名。

Admit,allow

只接“不定式”的动词:

seem,expect,hope,wish,want,decide,offer,manage,dare,agree,promise,pretend,refuse,learn,help,plan,intend;

“不定式加连词”show,teach,tell,advise,decide,discuss,findout,etc.

Pleaseshowmehowtogettheresult.

Wehavenotdecidedwhethertogotohisparty.

3)两者皆可

忘记停止打算试,害怕继续悔偏爱,意欲愿意有困难。

(此处单词为听写内容,----注)Remember,,forget,regret;stop;goon;beafraid;prefer;mean;try;help(can’thelp);feellikedoing/wouldliketodo;havedifficultyindoing/todo;

require,demand,want,need,beworth主动形式被动意义)

They____hergoingtothepartythoughitwasnotpermitted.A.allowedB.expectedC.persuadedD.permitted

Thewindowneed____.A.TomendB.mendedC.beingmendedD.mending

Thismachineisworth__.A.tobuyB.buyingC.tobeboughtD.beingbought

名词从句

思考Heshowedhiscompanions___well-chosenpresentshehadboughtforhisGF.

A.suchB.soC.whatD.how

2---that/whether(if)不做成分

3---who(ever)主、表;whomever宾=people/anyone/everyone(who…)whose(ever)which(ever)

what(ever)主、宾、表、定

4---when(ever)where(ever)how(ever)why状----thetime/place/reason(when/where/why)

选择连词(结构辨析)

(1)____ofthemdoyouthinkwillteachusClassthree?

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what

(2)Hesoldthehouse_hethoughtwasagoodprice.A.whatB.atwhatC.atwhichD.atthat

(3)Thestudentsareallinterestedin___MissBrownmanagedtodoit.A.whichB.whatC.seeingD.how

辨别从句(定语/同位语/强调)

(4)Weknowthetruth__thereiswater,thereislife.A.thatwhereverB.thatC.whereD.anywhere

(5)Heregretsnothavingfollowedherproposal,____he____forgranted,thathe____withmesomewarmclothes.A.that;takes;takeB.which;take;takeC.which;hastaken;takesD.which;hastaken;take

(6)Itwasin1920____thepoetpaidhisfirsttriptoAmericaforanewchallengeinhiswritingcareer____hegottoknowCharlieChaplin.A.that;whenB.when;thatC.inthatyear;thatD.inwhich;when

无论;任何

(7)Itremainsunknown____shekilledherselfwithagun.A.howeverB.howeverC.whyD.whenever

(8)______muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter

(9)Ourmonitorneverfailstohelp___hastrouble.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.thosewho

是否;如果(同位语;介词之后;ornot;todo;歧义;句首;表语从句)

(10)Doesitmakeanydifference____ornotyousignupforthecontest?

A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.how

谁;任何人who;whoever;onewho;thosewho;

(11)Weshouldn’tmakefunof___havetroubleinlearningEnglish.A.anyonewhoB.whomeverC.thosethatD.who

(12)Istillwonder____couldgetintothebuildingthroughsuchasmallholeinthewall.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.thatwho

陈述语序

13)___doyousuppose____?

A.what/thatthewomanisB.Who/thewomanisC.Whom/thewomanisD.what/isthewoman

(14)We’vehavetofinishthejob,_____.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes

介词宾语

(15)Theyalwaysgivethefreeticketsto_comesfirst.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.thatD.what

(16)Giveth

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