高中英语语法考点提纲.docx
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高中英语语法考点提纲
高中英语语法考点提纲
实验高中王春强
冠词;数词
泛指与特指
序数词和比较级加冠词
never…abetterone
athirdone=another=thenext
thebetteroneofthetwo
amostimportantmatter
词组辨异
attable—atthetable
outofquestion—outofthequestion
gotothecinema—gotoacinema
asecond;amost…
thebalanceofnature;space;theuniverse;
thetelephone(invention)
theChineselanguage
专有名词:
TheSmiths;atHarold’s;buyaChinaDaily;achemistandmathematician;inthe1980s;inhisfifties;TheUnitedStates(America);theSpringFestival;(anartfestival)
a+不可数名词
agoodknowledgeofEnglish;ascience
名词;代词;主谓一致
不定代词(复合代词):
指代的单复数:
everyone;each;everyone;much;most;none;neither;half;
后置修饰语:
that定语从句;形容词后置;介词短语;非谓语形式
可否接of短语:
everyone-everyone;none—noone;
几组辨异词:
other;theother;another;others;theothers
none;neither;noone;nothing
every;everyone;everyone;each;anyone
any;some;something;anything
few;afew;little;alittle
反身代词:
词组;enjoy;devote;accustom;make(…done)—oneself
反身动词(seat;dress;station;locate;hide;devote;adapt;prepare;etc);
自己的怎么说:
one’sown…;a…ofone’sown;
集合名词:
group;population;audience;team;family;majority;vocabulary;etc.
thecattle;thepeople;thepolice;clothes;(pl.)
可数名词与不可数名词:
twopiecesofpaper;apairoftrousers(they;thispair);etc.
twodollars;tenmiles;
就近/远原则:
neithernor…;-----aswellas;togetherwith
else:
somethingelse;anyoneelse;whoelse;whoelse’s
形容词;副词
比较句型
as…as,
notso…as,
more…than,
lessoftenthan,
themore…theless;
moreandmore
思考:
Youcan’tlearnaforeignlanguageovernight___youcaneatamealinonemouthful.A.nomorethanB.anymorethanC.justasD.asif(解法:
not=not;not≠yes)
Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindEnglish.
A.learningB.tolearnC.ittolearnD.whenyoulearn
倍数表达
twiceasmany(cars)as
twicemorethan
twicetheproductionof
doubledthescoreofhisopponent.
Manythingsnowcostdoublewhattheydidafewyearsago
比较级表最高
morethananyothercountry;
morethantheothercountries,
morethananyoftheothercountries;
Noonecanbemorestrictthanhe.
Ihaveneverseenamoremagnificentscenethanthis.
Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindittolearnEnglish.
比较词组
as…aspossible,
as…asonecan,
as…asanything,
aswellas,
and…aswell,
solongas,
sofaras,
assoonas,
sofar,
soasto,
asfor,
asarule,
asaresult,
asamatteroffact,
asawhole,
asto;
morethan,
nomorethan,
nolessthan,
nothinglessthan,
otherthan,
nootherthan,
ratherthan,
nosooner…than,
nomore,notanymore,
nolonger,notanylonger;
动词;时态和语态
系动词:
get;seem;appear;turn;fall;become;remain;stay;prove;turnout;etc.
情态动词用法:
should;shall;may;can;dare;need;
haveto;usedto;etc.(否定;结构辨析)
各种时态的基本用法(时间状语;语境语气;句型;)
句型中的特定时态
ItisseveralyearssinceIsawherlasttime.
ItwasseveralyearssinceIhadsawhim.
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.
ThatwasthesecondtimeIhadbeenthere.
Jimmyhadhardlygotothestationwhenthebusleft.
Itishightimethatyoudidyourhomework.
Themanagerwillseeyouifheisfreetomorrow.
Themanseemsasifhehadbeentheremanytimes
IwouldhaveseenthefilmifIhadhadtimeyesterday.(虚拟语气)
Hedidn’tseetheresultuntilheleft.
Itwasnotuntilthenthatheknewhehadbeencheated.
Itisnecessarythatweshouldlearnhardsoastopasstheexamination.
Ididn’tthinkyouwerecomingtoday.
Itwillbelongbeforewetakeoverthecity.
Itwasseveralyearsbeforeconstructionofthebuildingwasstarted..
Gostraightandyouwillseeapostacrossthestreet.
Inthepastfewyearswehavebuiltsevenhighways.
Bytheendoflastyearhehadlearnedtwothousandwords.
SofarIhaveknownheisafalsefriend.
Bythetimeyougottherehewillhaveleft.
主动语态表被动:
prove;blame;sell;turnout;require;resultfrom;
非谓语动词(参考资料)
非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,学生常常对此感到头疼。
其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点,做起题来会很轻松。
我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。
熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后,做题时可分四步分析。
一、分析句子结构
1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.Told C.HewastoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold
3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.
4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.
5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned
分析:
句1.用连词but引导并列句子,因此,前面也是个独立句子成分,故选C。
句2.句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,非谓语动词作状语。
句3.同句2,选A。
句4.前面用if引导从句,故选C,构成从句谓语。
句5.同句1,选C。
二、分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。
若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing
2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.
分析:
句1.表示“没有公共汽车”,应用“therebe”结构,即逻辑主语是“there”,故选A。
句2.同理选D。
三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.
2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See
这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
分析:
句1.“地球”被“看起来”,表被动,故选A,用过去分词表被动。
句2.我们“主动看……”即表主动,故选B。
3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.
4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed
分析:
句3.前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语,逻辑主语是“thedirtyclothes”,和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”,故选B。
句4.逻辑主语为句子的主语“thegirl”,表示“女孩洗衣服”,为主动关系,故选D。
四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。
1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.
2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.
3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.
A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt C.beingbuiltD.built
句1中now说明大楼正在被修,故用进行式,选C。
句2中nextyear说明大楼将在明年被修,故用表将来的不定式,选B。
句3中lastyear说明大楼已被修,但不能选,因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语,故用过去分词,选D。
又如:
1.Hestoodthere______forhismother.
2.______fortwohours,hewentaway.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.Havingwaited
句1表示“站在那等”,两个动词同时发生,故选A作伴随状语。
句2表示已经等了两个小时,发生在谓语动词“wentaway”之前,故用完成式,选D。
需要注意的是,非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目,要认清否定形式,非谓语动词的否定都应将not放在前面。
如:
Whatisthereasonfor______there?
A.notyourgoingB.notyourgoC.yournotgoingD.younottogo
何种情况下出现动名词/不定式?
(介词;动词;suchas…;做主语,etc.)
只接“动名词”做宾语的词:
建议suggest冒险risk去献身devote,
忍受bear/stand期待lookforwardto不停顿keep。
放弃giveup延期putoff/delay悔regret失去miss,
坚持insiston/stickto/keepon欣赏enjoy/appreciate/feellike实践practise成finish。
注意payattentionto原谅excuse避avoid反对objectto,
考虑consider要求demand/require/need不自禁can’thelp。
顾及allowfor习惯beaccustomedto/beusedto不介意mind,
值得beworth开始setabout想imagine动名。
Admit,allow
只接“不定式”的动词:
seem,expect,hope,wish,want,decide,offer,manage,dare,agree,promise,pretend,refuse,learn,help,plan,intend;
“不定式加连词”show,teach,tell,advise,decide,discuss,findout,etc.
Pleaseshowmehowtogettheresult.
Wehavenotdecidedwhethertogotohisparty.
3)两者皆可
忘记停止打算试,害怕继续悔偏爱,意欲愿意有困难。
(此处单词为听写内容,----注)Remember,,forget,regret;stop;goon;beafraid;prefer;mean;try;help(can’thelp);feellikedoing/wouldliketodo;havedifficultyindoing/todo;
require,demand,want,need,beworth主动形式被动意义)
They____hergoingtothepartythoughitwasnotpermitted.A.allowedB.expectedC.persuadedD.permitted
Thewindowneed____.A.TomendB.mendedC.beingmendedD.mending
Thismachineisworth__.A.tobuyB.buyingC.tobeboughtD.beingbought
名词从句
思考Heshowedhiscompanions___well-chosenpresentshehadboughtforhisGF.
A.suchB.soC.whatD.how
2---that/whether(if)不做成分
3---who(ever)主、表;whomever宾=people/anyone/everyone(who…)whose(ever)which(ever)
what(ever)主、宾、表、定
4---when(ever)where(ever)how(ever)why状----thetime/place/reason(when/where/why)
选择连词(结构辨析)
(1)____ofthemdoyouthinkwillteachusClassthree?
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what
(2)Hesoldthehouse_hethoughtwasagoodprice.A.whatB.atwhatC.atwhichD.atthat
(3)Thestudentsareallinterestedin___MissBrownmanagedtodoit.A.whichB.whatC.seeingD.how
辨别从句(定语/同位语/强调)
(4)Weknowthetruth__thereiswater,thereislife.A.thatwhereverB.thatC.whereD.anywhere
(5)Heregretsnothavingfollowedherproposal,____he____forgranted,thathe____withmesomewarmclothes.A.that;takes;takeB.which;take;takeC.which;hastaken;takesD.which;hastaken;take
(6)Itwasin1920____thepoetpaidhisfirsttriptoAmericaforanewchallengeinhiswritingcareer____hegottoknowCharlieChaplin.A.that;whenB.when;thatC.inthatyear;thatD.inwhich;when
无论;任何
(7)Itremainsunknown____shekilledherselfwithagun.A.howeverB.howeverC.whyD.whenever
(8)______muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter
(9)Ourmonitorneverfailstohelp___hastrouble.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.thosewho
是否;如果(同位语;介词之后;ornot;todo;歧义;句首;表语从句)
(10)Doesitmakeanydifference____ornotyousignupforthecontest?
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.how
谁;任何人who;whoever;onewho;thosewho;
(11)Weshouldn’tmakefunof___havetroubleinlearningEnglish.A.anyonewhoB.whomeverC.thosethatD.who
(12)Istillwonder____couldgetintothebuildingthroughsuchasmallholeinthewall.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.thatwho
陈述语序
13)___doyousuppose____?
A.what/thatthewomanisB.Who/thewomanisC.Whom/thewomanisD.what/isthewoman
(14)We’vehavetofinishthejob,_____.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes
介词宾语
(15)Theyalwaysgivethefreeticketsto_comesfirst.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.thatD.what
(16)Giveth