高一 定语从句.docx

高一 定语从句.docx

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高一定语从句

高一语法复习———定语从句讲义一

语法专题——定语从句

1．Basicdefinition：

　在复合句中，修饰某一名词，代词或句子的从句叫定语从句。

作用相当于形

容词，因此也成为形容词性从句。

Leading：

somethingimportant

1.Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.

2.Hewholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.

3.Tomgotahighscoreinthefinalexam,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

先行词指定语从句所修饰的那个词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

（1）关系词的分类及作用

一）关系词分类关系代词有：

who,whom,whose,which;that,as;

　　关系副词有：

when,where,why.

二）关系词的用法：

1.关系代词的用法

1）作主语用who,which和that,如：

　　（a）Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.

　　（b）Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.

2）作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如：

　　（a）Theman（whom/who/that）wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.

　　（b）WhereisthebookIboughtlastweek?

　　3）作定语用whose,后跟人或物。

　（a）Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.作主语

　　（b）ItwasameetingimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.作宾语

　注：

whose的先行词用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可与ofwhich结

构互换，词序是：

“名词+ofwhich”

（a）Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown..

=thebackwallofwhich=ofwhichthebackwall

（b）He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.

=whosename=

　　4）作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。

　　（a）Heisnolongertheman（that）hewas.

　　（b）Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace（that）itusedtobe.

2.关系副词的用法

　1）when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：

time,day,morning,week。

　　（a）IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.

（b）DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?

注：

when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。

　　（a）Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.

　　（b）Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.

2）where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。

它的先行词通常有：

place,spot,

street,house,room,city,town,country等.

（a）Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.

比较一下两句：

　　（a）IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.

　（b）IforgetthehousewhichtheSmithslivedin.

3）why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。

　　（a）Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.

3.使用关系副词应注意下列几点

　　1）这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于介词+which结构：

　　when=on（in,at,during…）+which;

　　where=in（at,on…）+which;

　　why=forwhich.

　（a）IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen（=onwhich）hearrived.

　　（b）Theofficewhere（=inwhich）heworksisonthethirdfloor.

　　（c）Thisisthechiefreasonwhy（=forwhich）wedidit.

　　2）当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注

意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,

缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：

　　I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.

　　I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.

　　练习：

Hisfatherworksinafactoryglassesaremade.

　　Hisfatherworksinafactorymakesglasses.

　　3）when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语

从句。

而why只能引导限制性定语从句。

定语从句基础题

1.Doyouwantafriend______youcouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?

A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom

2.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatime______adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich

3.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonething______reallymustbeexperienced.

A.whoB.thatC.whenD.where

4.TheAD450EnglishwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglish______wespeakatpresent.

A.whoB.whomC.whereD./

5.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethose______ruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who

6.Todaythenumberofpeoplewho______learningEnglishinChina______increasingrapidly.

A.is/isB.are/areC.are/isD.is/are

7.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriver______iscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.

A.thatB.whoC.whereD.bywhich

8.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfrom______itbeginsto______itends.

A.which/whichB.where/where

C.which/whereD.where/which

9.Shegavemeadeterminedlook–thekind______saidshewouldnotchangehermind.

A.whoB.whatC.whyD.that

10.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmaps______showeddetailsofwouldgeography.

A.thatB.whoC.whereD.what

11.MekongRivermakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplains______ricegrows.

A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which

12.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,______thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.

A.whichB.whomC.theyD.who

13.Itwasfeltin______ismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.

A.BeijingwhichB.BeijingthatC.Beijing,whichD.Beijing,that

14.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide______acrosshouses,roadsandcanals.

A.cutB.cuttingC.cutsD.tocut

15.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjured______morethan400,000.

A.reachingB.toreachC.havereachedD.reached

16.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake______wasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.

A.whoB.whenC.whereD.which

17.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigout______weretrappedandtoburythedead.

A.thosewhoB.whoC.thepeopleD.whom

18.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors______homeshadbeendestroyed.

A.theirB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhom

19.Thetime______IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich

20.Itwas1952andMandelawastheblacklawyerIwentforadvice.

A.towhomB.whomC.whoD.withwhich

21.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,______Iwasgrateful.

A.forwhomB.forwhichC.whomD.which

22.Theschool______Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.

A.towhichB.ofwhichC.thereD.where

23.However,thiswasatime______onehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.then

24.Theday______NelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.

A.thenB.whichC.fromwhichD.when

25.They ask about the things and teachers ______ they still remembered in the school.

A. which      B. that          C. whom             D. that and who

26.Blackpeoplecouldnotgetthejobs______theywanted.

A.whenB.whereC.whoD./

27.Thepartsoftown______theyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.

A.inwhichB.onwhichC.inthatD.onthat

28.Theplacesoutsidethetowns______theyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.

A.inwhichB.onwhichC.whereD.there

29.Wewereputintoaposition______wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.

A.inwhichB.whenC.whichD.that

30.Wefirstbrokethelawinaway______waspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed…onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

A.inwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.which

31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.

A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what

32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.

A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who

33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.

A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich

34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.

A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich

35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.

A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which

36.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it

37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.

A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich

38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as

39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.

A./B.whyC.whenD.whose

40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.though

41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?

---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.

A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that

42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which

43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.

A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are

44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.

A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed

45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?

A.thatB./C.whichD.it

46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.

A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that

47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?

A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere

48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.who

49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.

A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich

50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

高一语法复习———定语从句讲义二

二.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。

如：

（a）Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.

（b）Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou?

2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。

（a）ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamome