高一 定语从句.docx
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高一定语从句
高一语法复习———定语从句讲义一
语法专题——定语从句
1.Basicdefinition:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词,代词或句子的从句叫定语从句。
作用相当于形
容词,因此也成为形容词性从句。
Leading:
somethingimportant
1.Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
2.Hewholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.
3.Tomgotahighscoreinthefinalexam,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
先行词指定语从句所修饰的那个词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
(1)关系词的分类及作用
一)关系词分类关系代词有:
who,whom,whose,which;that,as;
关系副词有:
when,where,why.
二)关系词的用法:
1.关系代词的用法
1)作主语用who,which和that,如:
(a)Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.
(b)Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.
2)作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如:
(a)Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.
(b)WhereisthebookIboughtlastweek?
3)作定语用whose,后跟人或物。
(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.作主语
(b)ItwasameetingimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.作宾语
注:
whose的先行词用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可与ofwhich结
构互换,词序是:
“名词+ofwhich”
(a)Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown..
=thebackwallofwhich=ofwhichthebackwall
(b)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.
=whosename=
4)作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。
(a)Heisnolongertheman(that)hewas.
(b)Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
2.关系副词的用法
1)when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:
time,day,morning,week。
(a)IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.
(b)DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
注:
when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。
(a)Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.
(b)Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.
2)where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
它的先行词通常有:
place,spot,
street,house,room,city,town,country等.
(a)Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.
比较一下两句:
(a)IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.
(b)IforgetthehousewhichtheSmithslivedin.
3)why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。
(a)Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
3.使用关系副词应注意下列几点
1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于介词+which结构:
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.
(a)IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
(b)Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
(c)Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2)当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注
意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,
缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
练习:
Hisfatherworksinafactoryglassesaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorymakesglasses.
3)when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语
从句。
而why只能引导限制性定语从句。
定语从句基础题
1.Doyouwantafriend______youcouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?
A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom
2.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatime______adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich
3.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonething______reallymustbeexperienced.
A.whoB.thatC.whenD.where
4.TheAD450EnglishwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglish______wespeakatpresent.
A.whoB.whomC.whereD./
5.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethose______ruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
6.Todaythenumberofpeoplewho______learningEnglishinChina______increasingrapidly.
A.is/isB.are/areC.are/isD.is/are
7.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriver______iscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.bywhich
8.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfrom______itbeginsto______itends.
A.which/whichB.where/where
C.which/whereD.where/which
9.Shegavemeadeterminedlook–thekind______saidshewouldnotchangehermind.
A.whoB.whatC.whyD.that
10.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmaps______showeddetailsofwouldgeography.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.what
11.MekongRivermakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplains______ricegrows.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which
12.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,______thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.
A.whichB.whomC.theyD.who
13.Itwasfeltin______ismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.
A.BeijingwhichB.BeijingthatC.Beijing,whichD.Beijing,that
14.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide______acrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
A.cutB.cuttingC.cutsD.tocut
15.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjured______morethan400,000.
A.reachingB.toreachC.havereachedD.reached
16.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake______wasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.
A.whoB.whenC.whereD.which
17.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigout______weretrappedandtoburythedead.
A.thosewhoB.whoC.thepeopleD.whom
18.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors______homeshadbeendestroyed.
A.theirB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhom
19.Thetime______IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.onwhich
20.Itwas1952andMandelawastheblacklawyerIwentforadvice.
A.towhomB.whomC.whoD.withwhich
21.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,______Iwasgrateful.
A.forwhomB.forwhichC.whomD.which
22.Theschool______Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.
A.towhichB.ofwhichC.thereD.where
23.However,thiswasatime______onehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.then
24.Theday______NelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.
A.thenB.whichC.fromwhichD.when
25.They ask about the things and teachers ______ they still remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. that and who
26.Blackpeoplecouldnotgetthejobs______theywanted.
A.whenB.whereC.whoD./
27.Thepartsoftown______theyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.
A.inwhichB.onwhichC.inthatD.onthat
28.Theplacesoutsidethetowns______theyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.
A.inwhichB.onwhichC.whereD.there
29.Wewereputintoaposition______wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.
A.inwhichB.whenC.whichD.that
30.Wefirstbrokethelawinaway______waspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed…onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.which
31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.
A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.
A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.
A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen
高一语法复习———定语从句讲义二
二.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。
如:
(a)Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.
(b)Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。
(a)ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamome