英国权利法案中英.docx

英国权利法案中英.docx

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英国权利法案中英

1689年英国权利法案

国会两院经依法集会于西敏寺宫，为确保英国人民传统之权利与自由而制定本法律。

1．凡未经国会同意，以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力。

2．近来以国王权威擅自废除法律或法律实施之僭越权力，为非法权力。

3．设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令，以及一切其他同类指令与法庭，皆为非法而有害

4．凡未经国会准许，借口国王特权，为国王而征收，或供国王使用而征收金钱，超出国会准许之时限或方式者，皆为非法。

5．向国王请愿，乃臣民之权利，一切对此项请愿之判罪或控告，皆为非法。

6．除经国会同意外，平时在本王国内征募或维持常备军，皆属违法。

7．凡臣民系新教徒者，为防卫起见，得酌量情形，并在法律许可范围内，置备武器。

8．国会议员之选举应是自由的。

9．国会内之演说自由、辩论或议事之自由，不应在国会以外之任何法院或任何地方，受到弹劾或讯问。

10．不应要求过多的保释金，亦不应强课过分之罚款，更不应滥施残酷非常之刑罚。

11．陪审官应予正式记名列表并陈报之，凡审理叛国犯案件之陪审官应为自由世袭地领有人。

12．定罪前，特定人的一切让与及对罚金与没收财产所做的一切承诺，皆属非法而无效。

13．为申雪一切诉冤，并为修正、加强与维护法律起见，国会应时常集会。

彼等（即灵俗两界贵族与众议员等）并主张、要求与坚持上述各条为彼等无可置疑之权利与自由；凡上开各条中有损人民之任何宣告、判决、行为或诉讼程序，今后断不应据之以为结论或先例。

BILLOFRIGHTS

1689

AnActDeclaringtheRightsandLibertiesoftheSubjectandSettlingtheSuccessionoftheCrown

WhereastheLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommonsassembledatWestminster,lawfully,fullyandfreelyrepresentingalltheestatesofthepeopleofthisrealm,diduponthethirteenthdayofFebruaryintheyearofourLordonethousandsixhundredeighty-eight[oldstyledate]presentuntotheirMajesties,thencalledandknownbythenamesandstyleofWilliamandMary,princeandprincessofOrange,beingpresentintheirproperpersons,acertaindeclarationinwritingmadebythesaidLordsandCommonsinthewordsfollowing,viz.:

WhereasthelateKingJamestheSecond,bytheassistanceofdiversevilcounsellors,judgesandministersemployedbyhim,didendeavourtosubvertandextirpatetheProtestantreligionandthelawsandlibertiesofthiskingdom;

ByassumingandexercisingapowerofdispensingwithandsuspendingoflawsandtheexecutionoflawswithoutconsentofParliament;

Bycommittingandprosecutingdiversworthyprelatesforhumblypetitioningtobeexcusedfromconcurringtothesaidassumedpower;

ByissuingandcausingtobeexecutedacommissionunderthegreatsealforerectingacourtcalledtheCourtofCommissionersforEcclesiasticalCauses;

BylevyingmoneyforandtotheuseoftheCrownbypretenceofprerogativeforothertimeandinothermannerthanthesamewasgrantedbyParliament;

ByraisingandkeepingastandingarmywithinthiskingdomintimeofpeacewithoutconsentofParliament,andquarteringsoldierscontrarytolaw;

BycausingseveralgoodsubjectsbeingProtestantstobedisarmedatthesametimewhenpapistswerebotharmedandemployedcontrarytolaw;

ByviolatingthefreedomofelectionofmemberstoserveinParliament;

ByprosecutionsintheCourtofKing'sBenchformattersandcausescognizableonlyinParliament,andbydiversotherarbitraryandillegalcourses;

Andwhereasoflateyearspartialcorruptandunqualifiedpersonshavebeenreturnedandservedonjuriesintrials,andparticularlydiversjurorsintrialsforhightreasonwhichwerenotfreeholders;

Andexcessivebailhathbeenrequiredofpersonscommittedincriminalcasestoeludethebenefitofthelawsmadeforthelibertyofthesubjects;

Andexcessivefineshavebeenimposed;

Andillegalandcruelpunishmentsinflicted;

Andseveralgrantsandpromisesmadeoffinesandforfeituresbeforeanyconvictionorjudgmentagainstthepersonsuponwhomthesameweretobelevied;

Allwhichareutterlyanddirectlycontrarytotheknownlawsandstatutesandfreedomofthisrealm;

AndwhereasthesaidlateKingJamestheSecondhavingabdicatedthegovernmentandthethronebeingtherebyvacant,hisHighnesstheprinceofOrange（whomithathpleasedAlmightyGodtomakethegloriousinstrumentofdeliveringthiskingdomfrompoperyandarbitrarypower）did（bytheadviceoftheLordsSpiritualandTemporalanddiversprincipalpersonsoftheCommons）causeletterstobewrittentotheLordsSpiritualandTemporalbeingProtestants,andotherletterstotheseveralcounties,cities,universities,boroughsandcinqueports,forthechoosingofsuchpersonstorepresentthemaswereofrighttobesenttoParliament,tomeetandsitatWestminsteruponthetwoandtwentiethdayofJanuaryinthisyearonethousandsixhundredeightyandeight[oldstyledate],inordertosuchanestablishmentasthattheirreligion,lawsandlibertiesmightnotagainbeindangerofbeingsubverted,uponwhichletterselectionshavingbeenaccordinglymade;

AndthereuponthesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommons,pursuanttotheirrespectivelettersandelections,beingnowassembledinafullandfreerepresentativeofthisnation,takingintotheirmostseriousconsiderationthebestmeansforattainingtheendsaforesaid,dointhefirstplace（astheirancestorsinlikecasehaveusually

done）forthevindicatingandassertingtheirancientrightsandlibertiesdeclare:

ThatthepretendedpowerofsuspendingthelawsortheexecutionoflawsbyregalauthoritywithoutconsentofParliamentisillegal;

Thatthepretendedpowerofdispensingwithlawsortheexecutionoflawsbyregalauthority,asithathbeenassumedandexercisedoflate,isillegal;

ThatthecommissionforerectingthelateCourtofCommissionersforEcclesiasticalCauses,andallothercommissionsandcourtsoflikenature,areillegalandpernicious;

ThatlevyingmoneyforortotheuseoftheCrownbypretenceofprerogative,withoutgrantofParliament,forlongertime,orinothermannerthanthesameisorshallbegranted,isillegal;

Thatitistherightofthesubjectstopetitiontheking,andallcommitmentsandprosecutionsforsuchpetitioningareillegal;

Thattheraisingorkeepingastandingarmywithinthekingdomintimeofpeace,unlessitbewithconsentofParliament,isagainstlaw;

ThatthesubjectswhichareProtestantsmayhavearmsfortheirdefencesuitabletotheirconditionsandasallowedbylaw;

ThatelectionofmembersofParliamentoughttobefree;

ThatthefreedomofspeechanddebatesorproceedingsinParliamentoughtnottobeimpeachedorquestionedinanycourtorplaceoutofParliament;

Thatexcessivebailoughtnottoberequired,norexcessivefinesimposed,norcruelandunusualpunishmentsinflicted;

Thatjurorsoughttobedulyimpanelledandreturned,andjurorswhichpassuponmenintrialsforhightreasonoughttobefreeholders;

Thatallgrantsandpromisesoffinesandforfeituresofparticularpersonsbeforeconvictionareillegalandvoid;

Andthatforredressofallgrievances,andfortheamending,strengtheningandpreservingofthelaws,Parliamentsoughttobeheldfrequently.

Andtheydoclaim,demandandinsistuponallandsingularthepremisesastheirundoubtedrightsandliberties,andthatnodeclarations,judgments,doingsorproceedingstotheprejudiceofthepeopleinanyofthesaidpremisesoughtinanywisetobedrawnhereafterintoconsequenceorexample;towhichdemandoftheirrightstheyareparticularlyencouragedbythedeclarationofhisHighnesstheprinceof

Orangeasbeingtheonlymeansforobtainingafullredressandremedytherein.

HavingthereforeanentireconfidencethathissaidHighnesstheprinceofOrangewillperfectthedeliverancesofaradvancedbyhim,andwillstillpreservethemfromtheviolationoftheirrightswhichtheyhavehereasserted,andfromallotherattemptsupontheirreligion,rightsandliberties,thesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommonsassembledatWestminsterdoresolvethatWilliamandMary,princeandprincessofOrange,beandbedeclaredkingandqueenofEngland,FranceandIrelandandthedominionsthereuntobelonging,toholdthecrownandroyaldignityofthesaidkingdomsanddominionstothem,thesaidprinceandprincess,duringtheirlivesandthelifeofthesurvivortothem,andthatthesoleandfullexerciseoftheregalpowerbeonlyinandexecutedbythesaidprinceofOrangeinthenamesofthesaidprinceandprincessduringtheirjointlives,andaftertheirdeceasesthesaidcrownandroyaldignityofthesamekingdomsanddominionstobetotheheirsofthebodyofthesaidprincess,andfordefaultofsuchissuetothePrincessAnneofDenmarkandtheheirsofherbody,andfordefaultofsuchissuetotheheirsofthebodyofthesaidprinceofOrange.AndtheLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommonsdopraythesaidprinceandprincesstoacceptthesameaccordingly.

Andthattheoathshereaftermentionedbetakenbyallpersonsofwhomtheoathshaveallegianceandsupremacymightberequiredbylaw,insteadofthem;andthatthesaidoathsofallegianceandsupremacybeabrogated.

"I,A.B.,dosincerelypromiseandswearthatIwillbefaithfulandbeartrueallegiancetotheirMajestiesKingWilliamandQueenMary.SohelpmeGod."

"I,A.B.,doswearthatIdofrommyheartabhor,detestandabjureasimpiousandhereticalthisdamnabledoctrineandposition,thatprincesexcommunicatedordeprivedbythePopeoranyauthorityoftheseeofRomemaybedeposedormurderedbytheirsubjectsoranyotherwhatsoever.AndIdodeclarethatnoforeignprince,person,prelate,stateorpotentatehathoroughttohaveanyjurisdiction,power,superiority,pre-eminenceorauthority,ecclesiasticalorspiritual,withinthisrealm.SohelpmeGod."

UponwhichtheirsaidMajestiesdidacceptthecrownandroyaldignityofthekingdomsofEngland,FranceandIreland,andthedominionsthereuntobelonging,accordingtotheresolutionanddesireofthesaidLordsandCommonscontainedinthesaiddeclaration.

AndthereupontheirMajestieswerepleasedthatthesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommons,beingthetwoHousesofParliament,shouldcontinuetosit,andwiththeirMajesties'royalconcurrencemakeeffectualprovisionforthesettlementofthereligion,lawsandlibertiesofthiskingdom,sothatthesameforthefuturemightnotbeindangeragainofbeingsubverted,towhichthesaidLordsSpiritualandTe