全新版大学英语视听阅读home listening原文.docx

全新版大学英语视听阅读home listening原文.docx

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全新版大学英语视听阅读homelistening原文

全新版大学英语视听阅读homelistening原文

CicadasandCicadaKillers

TheCicada

Thecicadaisaspecialtypeoflocust.Althoughsomekindsofcicadas（annualcicadas）appeareveryyear,manyothertypesspendmostoftheirlivesunderground,emergingfromtheearthonlyafterafixedperiodoftime—either13yearsor17years.Onewaytoidentifyacicadaisbyitsdistinctivecall.Themalemakesanoisethat

soundslikethebuzzofabee,onlymuchlouder,anditiscapableofmakingseveraldifferenttypesofnoises.Onesoundcanbeheardwhenamaleisfrightenedorisbeinghandled,anotherisusedtoattractgroupsofmalesandfemalestogether.Threeadditionaltypesofcallsarealsousedduringthematingprocess.

TheLifeCycleoftheCicada

Althoughtheyflylikelocusts,cicadasdonotcauseextensivecropdamage;however,theseinsectsdosomeminordamagetovegetation.Whenlayingtheireggs,thefemalecicadamakesaholeinatreebranchwhereshe

placestheeggs.Ifenoughoftheseinsectsdothisinthesametree,itcandevastatethestructureofthetreeandcausebranchestobreakoffordie.Uponhatching,thetinycreaturesfalltothegroundanddigintotheearth

wheretheyfeedontheundergroundrootsofthetree,growingslowlyuntiltheyemergeyearslaterasadults.Theexactdayoftheiremergenceisdeterminedbyhowwarmtheweatheris.Whenthetemperatureofthesoilreaches17.8°Celsius,thecicadasdigtheirwayoutoftheirholesandclimbthenearesttree.There,theyrestforseveral

daysbeforebeginningtheiradultlives.

TheCicadaKiller

Thecicadakillerisalargebee-likeinsectthat,likethecicada,spendsmostofitslifeunderground.Asthenameimplies,partofitslifecycleinvolveskillingcicadas.Becausetheyemergeinmid-July,cicadakillerspreyonlyonannualcicadas,notonthe13-or17-yearvarietiesthatemergeinMayorJuneanddiebyJuly.Toprovidefoodforheryoung,thefemaleofthespeciesstingsacicadaandcarriesitbacktohernest.There,shelaysaneggon19thecicadaandplacesasealovertheegg.Inafewdays,theegghatchesandthetinycicadakillerseatthecicadaandthenspendthewinterinanundergroundnest.Cicadakillersarebeneficialinthattheyhelpcontrolthecicadapopulationwhichcanthreatentreesiftheybecometoonumerous.

TheJumbovs.TheColossalSquid

Squidareamongtheleastunderstoodofallinvertebrates.Forcenturiessailorshavereportedsquid-likemonsterssolargethattheywouldbecapableofdestroyingentireships.Onlyrecently,however,havebiologistsbeenabletodeterminethetruthaboutthesestrangecreatures.Theyarealsonowabletocategorizemanyofthembygenus,amoregeneralcategoryofanimaltypes,aswellasbyspecies.Twosuchenormoussquidarethejumbosquidandthecolossalsquid.

TheJumboSquid

Thejumbosquid,alsoknownastheHumboldtsquid,hasbeensightedinthePacificOceanfromthetipofSouthAmericatothecoastofCalifornia.Recently,somehaveappearedasfarnorthasAlaska,raisingquestionsabouttheeffectsofglobalwarmingonthespecies.Someresearcherssuggestthattheyaremovingfurthernorthbecausethenorthernoceansarewarming,whileothersbelievethatdecliningnumbersofpredatorshaveallowedthejumbosquidtoexpandtheirterritories.

Oneunusualfeatureofthejumbosquidisitsabilitytoradicallychangeitscolorfromreddish-purpletopurewhite.Theredcolorisusefultothesquidwhenhuntingforfoodsinceredisnoteasilyvisibletofishandothercreaturesinthedarknessoftheoceandepths.ThisspeciesisalsoknowntobequiteaggressiveandMexicandiverswhohaveencounteredthemunderwaterhavegiventhemthenamediablosrojos,or―reddevils.‖

TheColossalSquid

Formanyyears,littlewasknownaboutthespeciesofsquidcalledthe―colossalsquid.‖Itwasfirstidentifiedin1925whenscientistsdiscoveredtwohugesquidtentaclesinawhale‘sstomach.Theterm―colossalsquid‖wascreatedin2004whenagroupoffishermenoffthecoastofNewZealandaccidentallycaughtasix-meter-longsquid.Theytooktheirfindtoaresearchcenterwhereexpertsconfirmedthatitwasindeedanexampleofthelargestspeciesofsquidknowntoscience.Theword―colossal‖wasusedtodistinguishitfromitssmallerrelative,

thegiantsquid.Althoughscientistshadexaminedsimilarsquidinthepast,thoseanimalswerefounddeadandtheirbodieswerenotcompleteoringoodcondition.TheresearchersinNewZealandwereextremelyexcitedbecausethiswasonlythesecondtimeinhistorythatscientistswereprovidedwiththeopportunitytodoathoroughexaminationofanundamagedexampleofacolossalsquid.

TravelTemptations

TheOrientExpress,withitsmagnificentdécor,finecuisine,andcarefulattentiontodetails,haslongbeenfamousforpamperingitsguests.Treatmentlikethiswasonceavailableonlytotherichandfamous.Today,however,largehotels,or“resorts,”worldwideareofferinganever-growingrangeofluxuriousoptions.

SeaRanchLodge,California

SeaRanchLodgeislocatedontheCaliforniacoast,atwo-hourdrivenorthofSanFrancisco.ItsmagnificentviewofthePacificOceanprovidesanidealplacetorelaxandenjoynature.FinefoodandwinearetwoofSeaRanchLodge’sbiggestattractions.Thechefisfamousintheregionandtheassistantchefisanexperiencedspecialtybaker.Inaddition,thelodgeregularlyinviteslocalwinemakerstohostdinnersattheresortwherefoodandwineareperfectlypairedandguestscanlearnmoreaboutfinedining.Becauseitislocatedfarfromanylargecity,SeaRanchLodgealsooffersanunusualoption—adarksky.Guestsare46encouragedtostayuplatetoenjoythebeautyofthestars,whicharenotoftenvisibleinthecity.

KarmaSamui,Thailand

OnthetinyislandofKohSamuioffthecoastofThailandliesaresortthatprovidesanastonishinglevelofluxury.Guestsstayinindividualhouses,orvillas,spacedoutalongthebeach.Eachoneisequippedwithakitchen,diningroom,andloungearea,aswellasitsownmedium-sizedswimmingpool.Mealsareavailableinthediningroom,orfortheheightofluxury,guestscanhaveaprivatechefandwaiterprepare

andservetheirmealsintheirvilla.KarmaSamuialsooffersa“streetfood”cookingclassinwhichguests

takeaguidedtouroflocalmarkets,buyprovisions,andthenpracticecookingthesenewspecialtieswhentheyreturntotheresort.

CanyonRanch,Arizona

CanyonRanchcallsitselfaholistic,orcomplete,healthresort.Theowner,MelZukeman,says,“Forme,ourheartfeltintentiontohelpeveryguestfindgreaterjoyinlivingiswhatmakesusdifferentfromallotherresorts.”Theaimistoteachguestshowtocareforandhealboththeirbodiesandtheirminds.Therearemeetingswithdoctorsandalternativehealerswhoofferbothconventionalandunconventional

treatmentoptions.Astayalsoincludesphysicalactivitiessuchasswimmingandhiking,dietaryguidance,aswellasadviceonhowtoreducestressandbettermanagepersonalissuesandhumaninteractionsineverydaylife.Notbadforaweek’svacation!

TheWorldHeritageOrganization:

PreservingOurPast

Todaymanyorganizations,bothlocalandglobal,aredevotedtopreservingworksofart,buildings,andevenentirecities.TheWorldHeritageOrganization（WHO）isonesuchgroup.Thefollowingisabriefupdateonwhatisbeingdonetopreserveculturalheritageworldwide.

TheTombsofBugandaKingsinKampala,Uganda

TheBugandaareoneofeighttribalgroupswhohavelivedinUgandaforcenturies.By1750theyhadcreatedawell-plannedcentralizedformofgovernment.Theirleader,calledtheKabaka,wasassistedbyaprimeministeraswellastheheadofthearmyandthecommanderofthenavy.Overtheyears,thetribehascontinuedtomaintain

manyoftheiroriginalcustomsandbeliefs.TriballoyaltyremainsimportanttotheBugandans,evenasmanyofthemleavethecountrytomakelivesforthemselvesoverseas.In1884,inordertopreserveandhonorthememoryoftheformerkings,thepalacegroundsoftheKabakawereturnedintoaburialgroundforthem.In2001,

WHOdeclaredtheareaanofficialWorldHeritageSite.

TheCityofQuito,Ecuador

BeforeEuropeansarrivedin1532,EcuadorwaspartofthegreatIncakingdom.TheareathatisnowcalledQuitobecameanimportantpoliticalcenter,andbytheendofthe1500sthemainstreetsofthecityhadbeenlaidoutandremainessentiallythesametoday.AspartofQuito‘searlydevelopment,manygrandpublicbuildings

suchaspalacesandcathedralswereconstructedanddecoratedwithbeautifulstatuesandpaintings.Apowerfullyoriginalformofartworkemerged,combiningEuropeanandSouthAmericanIndianinfluences.ThisstyleofartgreatlyinfluencedthedevelopmentofartinLatinAmericaoverthenext200yearsandresultedinQuitobeing

declaredaWHOsitein1978.

TheAntonineWallinScotland,UnitedKingdom

TheAntonineWallisa37-mile-longearthandstonebarrierbuiltacrossScotlandbytheRomanstoprotectitslandstothesouthfrominvasionbyenemygroups.ItwasbeguninA.D.140andcompletedtwoyearslater.Originally,fortswerebuilteverysixmilesalongthewall,butthiswaslaterincreasedtoeverytwomiles.Today,theremainsofthewallareclearlyvisibleinmanyareasalongitslength,anditjustrecentlybecameanofficialWHOsite.

WhenArtBecomesaVictim

DuringtheyearswhentheTalibanregimeruledAfghanistan,thousandsofpeoplewerekilledandmuchpropertywasdestroyed.However,theAfghanpeoplealsosufferedanotherkindofveryimportantloss—thelossofirre