职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目.docx

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职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目.docx

职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目

2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目

2011年职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目

第三篇CookingOilFumesCauseTumor

*第十八篇ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

*第二十四篇PreventingChildMaltreatment

+第三十四篇BeAlertto1AntimicrobialResistance

注:

1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章;

2、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。

第三篇

CookingOilFumesCauseTumor

Theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.

Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer.Theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.

AccordingtotheShanghaiTumorresearchInstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.Followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.

"Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,"saidDrHeYuminfromShanghaiMinshenTraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosisandTreatmentCenter.

Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,l,483weremale.

Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonlyl8percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.

However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedabout1irritatedeyesandthroat.

About32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen'sbedroomswereadjacentto2thekitchen.

However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.Someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.

"UnlessmyfamilyandIdon'teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchentocook,"saidXuLi,a45-year-oldlocalwoman."Iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttimeIheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.Ihavealreadystartedfryingless."

Doctorssaidwomen'slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.

Otherexpertsagreedwithhe3.

"Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcause4oflungcancerformen,"saidDrTanBinyong,honorarypresidentoftheRespiratoryDiseaseInstituteatFudanUniversity'sMedicalCollege."It'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen."

He'sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling5friedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.

Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,6expertssaid.

词汇:

fume烟,气,汽

tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤

cancer癌瘤

breast乳房,胸

incidence发生(率)

diagnosis诊断

inhale秒.吸人

irritate使疼痛,刺激

fry钐.油炸,油煎

unventilate使不通风

adjacent.临近的

dietary饮食的

immune吐免疫的

honorary名誉上的;荣誉的

respiratory呼吸的

stall货摊

注释:

1.complain原意是“抱怨,诉苦",但医学上常用complainabout或complainof表示“主诉”。

2.adjacentto:

与……相毗邻,临近……(地方)

3.Otherexpertsagreedwithhe.其他专家同意何医生的意见。

agreewithsb:

同意某人的意见。

agreewithsth:

同意什么东西。

agreetodosth:

同意做什么事情。

4.byfarthebiggestcause:

最最大的原因。

byfar是用来做形容词最高级thebiggest的状语,对形容词最高级起强调作用。

本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了,可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来,所以就相当汉语的“最最……”的意思。

5...warnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling...:

警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。

也可以说成"...warnedpeopleoffstallsselling..."。

6....ifexposedtothefumeforalongtime:

...如果长时间接触这种烟的话。

exposesb.tosth.原意是“使......(人)暴露于......(物)”,但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……(物)"的意思。

此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“ifoneisexposedtothefumeforalongtime"。

练习:

1.Whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?

AMenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.

BWomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.

CPatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder,especiallymales.

DPatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger,especiallyfemales.

2.WhichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsinShanghai?

AHeartdisease.BBreastcancer.

CInfectiousdiseases.DLungcancer.

3.Whatsymptomsmaybe'complainedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongterm,closecontactwithcookingoilfumes?

AIrritatedeyesandthroat.BSeverepaininbothlungs.

CContinuouscoughandheadache.DDifficultyinbreathin9.

4.Whatwasthelocalwomen'sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer?

AHappy.BSurprised.

CAngry.DCareless

5.Whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen'slungcancer?

AFamilycancerhistory.

BUnhealthydietaryhabits.

CWeakimmunesystems.

DPersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.

答案与题解:

1.D文章第二段明确提到,肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻,尤其是妇女”。

2.B文章第三段说到,“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后,发病率第二高",可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。

3.A文章第七段说到,“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受"。

4.B文章倒数第七段明确说到,“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶"。

5.D回答此题时,首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字,即hadfewlinksto...和wascloselyrelatedto...,其中linkto意为connectionwith,而relateto则意为connectwith,都是“联系"的意思,只是few和closely的差别却很大。

few和little一样,都是具有否定意义的词,意为“很少,几乎没有",只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与afew和alittle不同,afew和alittle具有肯定意义,意为“有几个"和“有一点",后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。

如果这一点明白了,也就很容易回答这道题了。

*第十八篇

ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesjustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingskeTidendeonMonday.

ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalRigshospitalet'sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody'sabilitytoutilizeinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.

Thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.

Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeⅡ,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects'musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2

AssociateProfessor3Dr.FlemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.

"Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.Atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment."

Delawasquotedassaying.6

Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.

Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

Mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareoftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.

词汇:

insulin胰岛素

diabetic(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者

diabetes.糖尿病;多尿症

brisk/brisk/彩.轻快的;活泼的,活跃的

Copenhagen哥本哈根(丹麦首都)

muscle肌肉

utilise(=utilize)利用,使用

medication儿.药物,药物治疗

subject玩实验对象

utilisation(=utilization)利用,使用

saying格言

hormone激素

pancreas胰(腺)

注释:

1.beequalto:

等于

2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked:

作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。

从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。

3.associateprofessor:

副教授

4....cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes:

不能治好人们的糖尿病。

curesb.ofsth.:

给某人医治某病。

例如:

Thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.这药准能治好你的感冒。

putoff:

推迟,延期Delawasquotedassaying:

Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。

注意谓语是被动语态。

workup:

逐步引起,激起wearoff:

逐渐消失(be)unawareofsth..不知道,没觉察

练习:

1.HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?

ABytakingmoresaltthanusual.

BBytakinglesssaltthanusual.

CBydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.

DBygoingclimbin9,swimmingorboxingeveryday.

2.Physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby

A70percent.

B30percent.

C60percent.

Donlyafewpercent.

3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalincluded.

Aelderlynon-diabeticmen.

BelderlytypeIIdiabeticmen.

Cbothsexesofallages.

DbothAandB.

4.Towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?

ATothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.

BTothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.

CTothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.

DTothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.

5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseis

ofwatchingtheirdiet.

Aaspoorlyunderstoodas

Baswellunderstoodas

Clessunderstoodthan

Dbetterunderstoodthantheimportance

答案与题解:

1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。

至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至

终都没有提到。

2.B文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。

3.D此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。

4.A文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。

5.C最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性。

*第二十四篇

PreventingChildMaltreatment

Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-1ongconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries。

especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.

Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless,internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren.While25—50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).

Everyyear,thereareanestimated31.000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueexten

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