职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目.docx

1、职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目2011年职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目第三篇 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor*第十八篇 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics*第二十四篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment+第三十四篇 Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、2011年词汇部分与2010年教材相比未作任何变化。第三篇Cooking Oil Fum

2、es Cause Tumor The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung canc

3、erThey said patients are younger,especially women According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything elseFollowing breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cance

4、r,said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five yearsAmong them,l,483 were male Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoki

5、ng or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens

6、 and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancerSome claimed they may change food preparation methods Unless my family and I dont eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,said Xu

7、Li,a 45-year-old local womanI know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancerI have already started frying less. Doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closely related to family cancer his

8、tory,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems Other experts agreed with he3Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men,said Dr Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical CollegeIts true that second-hand smoke and cooking f

9、umes are the main causes among women Hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils usedThe chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, 6experts said词汇：fume 烟，气，汽tumor(=tumour) n肿瘤cance

10、r癌瘤breast乳房，胸incidence发生(率)diagnosis诊断inhale秒吸人irritate使疼痛，刺激fry钐油炸，油煎unventilate使不通风adjacent临近的dietary饮食的immune吐免疫的honorary名誉上的；荣誉的respiratory呼吸的stall货摊注释：1complain原意是“抱怨，诉苦，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉”。2adjacent to：与相毗邻，临近(地方)3Other experts agreed with he其他专家同意何医生的意见。agree with sb：同意某人的意

11、见。agree with sth：同意什么东西。 agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。4by far the biggest cause：最最大的原因。by far是用来做形容词最高级the biggest的状语，对形容词最高级起强调作用。本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了，可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最”的意思。5.warned people not to stand near of stalls selling.：警告人们不要站在卖的货摊附近。也可以说成.warned people off stalls selling.。6.if exposed to th

12、e fume for a long time：.如果长时间接触这种烟的话。expose sbto sth 原意是“使. (人)暴露于. (物)”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到(物)的意思。此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“if one is exposed to the fume for a long time。练习：1What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women B Women are m

13、ore likely to develop lung cancer than men C Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males D Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females2Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? A Heart disease B Breast cancer C Infectious di

14、seasesD Lung cancer3What symptoms may becomplained of by most women with lung cancer after long term,close contact with cooking oil fumes? A Irritated eyes and throat B Severe pain in both lungs C Continuous cough and headacheD Difficulty in breathin94What was the local womens reaction when they lea

15、rned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy B SurprisedC Angry D Careless5Which of the following has relatively little connection with womens lung cancer? A Family cancer history B Unhealthy dietary habits C Weak immune systems D Personal health and physical condition答案与题解：1D文章第二段明确提到，肺

16、癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。2B文章第三段说到，“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率第二高，可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。3A文章第七段说到，“60以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受。4B文章倒数第七段明确说到，“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。5D 回答此题时，首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to和was closelyrelated to.，其中link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect with，都是“联系的意思，只是few和closely的差别却很大。few和little

17、一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有，只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已；它们与a few和alittle不同，a few和a little具有肯定意义，意为“有几个和“有一点，后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了。*第十八篇 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics Most older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk ex

18、ercise for 30 minutes just three times a week,according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exerc

19、ise can boost the bodys ability to utilize insulin by 30 per cent,the newspaper reportedThis is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today,it said Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type,all more than 60 years of age,exercise

20、on bicycles six times a week for three monthsAfter the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjectsmuscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2 Associate Professor3 DrFlemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exer

21、cising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non-exercising persons This means that the insulin works just as well for both groupsPhysical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes,4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptomsAt the same time it can put off 5 the point at wh

22、ich they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatmentDela was quoted as saying6 Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas,controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point wh

23、ere they begin to work up7 a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added词汇：insulin胰岛素diabetic (患)糖尿病的；n糖尿病

24、患者diabetes糖尿病；多尿症briskbrisk彩轻快的；活泼的，活跃的Copenhagen哥本哈根(丹麦首都)muscle肌肉 utilise(=utilize)利用，使用medication儿药物，药物治疗subject玩实验对象utilisation(=utilization) 利用，使用saying格言hormone激素pancreas胰(腺)注释：1be equal to：等于 2as a measure for how well their insulin worked：作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。从语法上分析，how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。3ass

25、ociate professor：副教授4.cannot cure people of diabetes：不能治好人们的糖尿病。cure sbof sth：给某人医治某病。例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold这药准能治好你的感冒。put off：推迟，延期Dela was quoted as saying：Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。注意谓语是被动语态。work up：逐步引起，激起wear off：逐渐消失(be)unaware of sth不知道，没觉察练习：1How could most elderly type II dia

26、betics stop taking insulin? A By taking more salt than usual B By taking less salt than usual C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week D By going climbin9，swimming or boxing every day2Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin byA 70 per centB 30

27、 per centC 60 per centD only a few per cent3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital includedA elderly non-diabetic menB elderly type II diabetic menC both sexes of all agesD both A and B4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the d

28、esired effect?A To the degree where they begin to sweatB To the degree where they feel exhaustedC To the point when they feel thirstyD To the point when they have to take insulin5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is of watching their diet A as poorly understood as B

29、as well understood asC less understood than D better understood than the importance答案与题解：1C 文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至 终都没有提到。2B 文章第二段说到，体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30。3D 此题答案在文章第四段，实验对象既有型糖尿病患者，也有健康人，而且都是60岁以上的男人。4A文章倒数第二段说到，体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。5C最后一段明确说到，大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食，但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性。*第二十四篇Preve

30、nting Child Maltreatment Child maltreatmentisa global problem with serious life-1ong consequencesThere are noreliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatmentData for many countries。especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking Child maltreatment is complex and difficult t

31、o studyCurrent estimates vary widely dependingon the country and the method of research usedNonetheless，international studies reveal thatapproximately 20of women and 5-10of men report being sexually abused as childrenWhile2550of all children report being physically abusedAdditionally，many children are subject to1emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse) Every year，there are an estimated 31.000 homicide deaths in children under 15This numberunderestimates the true exten