09年四级考试模拟试题.docx

09年四级考试模拟试题.docx

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09年四级考试模拟试题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHealthandSports.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline（giveninChinese）below.

IncomeGap

     1．有些人认为收入差距的存在是合理的

     2．有些人认为收入差距的存在是不合理的

     3．收入差距对社会的影响

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

     Y（forYES）         ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

     N（forNO）          ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

     NG（forNOTGIVEN） iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

                      Howtosurviveadevastatingearthquake?

    Whatexactlyisanearthquake?

    Earthquakes,originatingmilesunderground,areapartofglobaltectonics（筑造学）,aprocessthatoftenchangestheelevationofthelandanditsmorphology（形态学）;theresultofvolcanicactivity,suchasthequakesthatshookWashingtonstateweeksbeforeMountSaintHelens’volcanoeruptedin1980;inducedbyMan.

    Theearthisnotreallyonesolidmass,butisinfactmadeupofseveralimmenseplatesthatarealwayspushingagainstoneanother.It'sabitlikebeingonacrowdedsubway;theplatesmakinguptheeartharesotightlypushedtogetherthatthereisalwaysastruggleforroom.Eventually,thispressurebecomessogreatbetweencertainplatesthattheyfinallymove,violentlyshiftingtheirposition.Thatisatectonicearthquake.Theseconstantstrugglesandshiftingoftheearthareglobaltectonics.Theseareusuallythemostdevastatingofallquakes.

Earthquakesmayoccurinanareabefore,during,andafteravolcaniceruption,andaretheresultofactiveforcesconnectedwiththeeruption,butarenotthecauseofthevolcanicactivityitself.

     Man-inducedearthquakesareoftencausedbysuchthingsasthedeep-seadrillingthathasoccurredinrecentyears.Suchactivitydeepintotheearthcansometimesincreasepressureontheplates,makingatensesituationmuchworse.

     Canscientistspredictearthquakes?

Cananimalspredictearthquakes?

     Scientistshaveneverpredictedamajorearthquake.Theydonotknowhow,andtheydonotexpecttoknowhowanytimeintheforeseeablefuture.However,probabilitiescanbecalculatedforpotentialfutureearthquakes.Forexample,scientistsestimatethatoverthenext30yearsthere'sa67%probabilityofamajorearthquakeoccurringintheSanFranciscoBayarea.Scientistsoftenfocustheireffortsonthelong-term;lesseningofearthquakehazardsbyhelpingtoimprovethesafetyofstructuresratherthancreatingshort-termpredictions.

     Changesinanimalbehaviorbeforeearthquakeshavebeenobservedanddocumentedindifferentpartsoftheworld,mostrecentlyinthenorthernCaliforniaearthquakeofOctober17,1989.IthasbeenrecordedthatafishinahighschoolbiologylabinCaliforniawouldfliponitssidebeforesomeearthquakes.Dogs,cats,snakes,andhorseshavealsobeenknowntobehavestrangelybeforeearthquakes.Butit'spossiblethechangeinanimalbehaviormaybecausedbyotherevents.Also,thebehaviorisnotconsistent;sometimesearthquakesoccurwithnopreviousbehavioralchange.

     Howtoprepareforanearthquake?

    Perhapsanearthquake'sgreatestdangerlieinthefactthatitcanoccuralmostatonce.Ifyouliveinalocationthat'spronetoearthquakes,preparationbeforetheeventiscertainlykey.

    ToparaphrasetheAmericanRedCross:

"It'snottheshakingthathurts.It'sthestuffthatfallsonyourhead."Collapsingwalls,flyingglassandfallingobjectscausemostquake-relatedinjuriesanddeaths.

    Lookaroundyourhouseforthingsthatcouldfallormove.Askyourselfwhatmayhappenifyourcupboarddoorsflyopenduringaquake,allowingdishesorGod-knows-whattofallacrossthefloor.IstheTVandstereofasteneddownandareshelvesfastenedtowalls?

Doyouhavehangingplantsorlightfixturesthatmightfall?

Isthereaheavypictureormirroronthewalloveryourbed?

    Knowthedangerspots.Securealltallandheavyfurniturethatcouldtopple（倾倒）over,suchasbookcases,chinacabinetsorwallunits.Hangheavypicturesandmirrorsawayfrombeds,couches,andanywherepeoplesit.Keepbreakablesorheavyobjectsonbottomshelves.

    Stayclearofwindows,fireplaces,orappliancesifaquakehits;stayoutofthekitchen--it'sadangerousplace.Inshort,stayawayfromanythingthatcouldprobablyfallonyou.Don'trundownstairsorrushoutsidewhilethebuildingisshaking,orwhilethereisadangeroffallingorbeinghitbyfallingglassordebris.Secureawaterheaterbystrappingittowallstudsandboltingittothefloor.DefineYourSafetyZone:

againstinsidewalls,understrongtablesordesks,instout（结识的）doorways.

     Keepfoodandwatersuppliesonhand. Youshouldbepreparedtotakecareofyourselfandlovedonesforaperiodof72hours.Thisishowlongitisestimatedforhelptoarrive,astheyhavetodealwiththesamepredicamentsasyou.Havetwoplaceswhereeveryonecanmeet.Onewillbeyouhome,butyoushouldhaveasecondincasethere’saproblem-Itshouldbeasafedistancefromyourhouseincaseofahomefire,andaplaceoutsideyourneighborhoodincaseyoucan'timmediatelyreturn Findoutaboutearthquakeplansdeveloped byyourchildren's school ordaycare. Remember,transportationmaybedisrupted. Keepsomeemergencysupplies--food,liquids,andcomfortableshoes,forexample--atwork.

     DuringtheEarthquake

     Ifyouareindoors,staythere{Getunderaheavydeskortableandhangontoit,moveintoahallwayorgetagainstaninsidewall.

     Ifyouareoutside,getintotheopen-awayfrombuildings,powerlines,chimneys,andanythingelsethatmightfallonyou.Ifyouaredriving,quicklybutcarefullymoveyourcarasfaroutoftrafficaspossibleandstop.Donotstoponorunderabridgeoroverpassorundertrees,lightposts,powerlines,orsignsStayinsideyourcaruntiltheshakingstops.

      Whenyouresumedriving,stayawayfrombreaksinthepavement,fallenrocks,bumpsintheroadatbridgeorrampapproaches,andanythingelsethatdoesn'tlook"right".Ifyouareinamountainousarea,watchoutforfallingrock,landslides,trees,andotherdebristhatcouldbeloosenedbyquakes.

      Don'ts

      Donotturnonthegasagainifyou'veturneditoffthegascompanyshoulddoit.They'llknowifit'ssafetodoso.

      Donotusematches,lighters,campstoves,barbecues,electricalequipmentoranyappliancesuntilyouaresuretherearenogasleaks.Theymaycreateasparkthatcouldigniteleakinggasandcauseanexplosion.

      Donotuseyourtelephone,exceptforamedicalorfireemergency.Youcouldtieupthelinesneededoremergencyresponse.Ifanemergencyoccursandthephonedoesn'twork,sendsomeoneforhelp.

      Donotexpectfreighters,policeorparamedicstodefinitelybethereforyou.Theymaynotbeavailable.

      Remember,thecontentsofyourhomemaybedamagedandcanhedangerous.Quakescanmakelightfixturesfall,andbookcasesandtelevisionsetstoppleoverevenaftertheshakingisover.

      AftertheEarthquake

      Also,bepreparedforaftershocks.Theyarestrongenoughtotopple（倾倒）morebuildings,cutoffutilitylinesandhurtyouhours,days,weeks--evenmonthsafterthemainquake.Ifyourhouseisinsolidshape,stayindoorsifanaftershockhits.Wearsturdyshoestoavoidinjuryfrombrokenglassanddebris.Stee~toedworkbootsmaybebest.

     Checkforinjuriestoyourselfandthosearoundyougivefirstaidwhereyoucan.Ifapersonisbleeding,putdirectpressureonthewoundandusecleangauze,orclothifavailable,Donotattempttomoveseriouslyinjuredpersonsunlesstheyareinfurtherdangerofinjury.Coverthewoundedwithblanketstokeepthemwarm.Seekmedicalhelpforseriousinjuries.

     Cleanupspilledmedicines,bleaches,gasolineorotherflammableliquidsimmediately.Leavetheareaifyousmellgasorfumesfromotherchemicals.

     Openclosetandcupboarddoorscautiously.

     Inspecttheentirelengthofchimneyscarefullyfordamage.Unnoticedcrackscouldleadtoafire.Alsoinspectyourgas,powerandsewerlines.Ifyourutilitiesaredamaged,fixthemorgetoutuntilyoucanhavesomeoneelsedoso.

      Remembertocheckneighborswhomayrequirespecialassistanceinfants,theelderly,andpeoplewithdisabilities.

      Stayoutofbuildingsknowntobedamage&Usethetelephoneonlyforemergencycalls.Onlydriveifthere'sanemergency.Keepthestreetsclearforemergencyvehicles.

      Listentoabattery-operatedradioortelevisionforthelatestemergencyinformation.

Returnhomeonlywhenauthoritiessayitissafe.

1.Earthquakesmayoccurwhenthealtitudeandtheshapeoftheplatesmakinguptheearthchangeduetotheinternalpressureandstressinsidetheearth.

2.Excessivecuttingdownofforestandlackoftrees-plantingalsoinduceadevastatingearthquake.

3.InSanFranciscopeoplehavemadeeffortstoimprovethesafetyofstructurebecauseamajorearthquakeispredictedtohappeninashortterm.

4.Whenyouseethatmanyanimalslikedogs,cats,snakesorhorsesbehavestrangely,youcanpredictamajorearthquakemayoccurimmediately.

5.Preparationfortheearthquakeisoneofthekeystosurviveamajorearthquake,whichincludesknowingwhere