情态动词讲师版.docx
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情态动词讲师版
情态动词
【知识清单】
【考点一】情态动词的语法特征
1情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
He/I/theycanspeakEnglishfluently.
2情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面跟动词原形一起做谓语。
Sheswimacrosstheriver.(注意:
实义动词一般不跟动词原形,一般接非谓语)
Atruefriendshould(love)respectedandtrusted.
Westudentsshouldallowedtobringcellphonetoschool.(改错)
③可以直接提前构成疑问句,在后面加not构成否定。
(情态助动词)
【考点二】情态动词分类
1只做情态动词:
must,can,could,may,might
2既作情态动词又作助动词(帮助形成时态语态的):
shall,should,will,would
3既作情态动词又作实意动词(有实际意义的动词):
need,dare
④具有情态功能的词组:
usedto,haveto,hadbetter,beexpectedto,besupposedto,oughtto
【知识清单】
【考点一】canVScould
1、表“能力”can表示现在得能力,
could表示过去的能力
Eg:
IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn'tlastyear.
注:
can和beableto辨析:
can只有现在式和过去式,而beableto有更多的形式。
Eg:
I’vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.
Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyou’llbeabletocarrythemonyourown?
was/wereableto表示“经过一番努力后做成某事”相当于managedtodo或succeedindoing
Eg:
Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.
2、表“允许,请求”口语中常用could代替can,使语气更委婉
Eg:
Couldyoulendmeyourequipment?
(班级中的清新女神的口气)
Canyoulendmeyourequipment?
(班级中的女汉子的口气)
注:
could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can(外国人比较直爽,拒绝就是拒绝,不用委婉的could。
Eg:
—CouldIuseyourdictionary?
—Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用:
No,I’mafraidnot.)
3、表“猜测”(主要用于否定和疑问)肯定猜测用must
Eg:
Itcan’tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.
Canthemanovertherebeourheadmaster?
4、表“惊讶”译为“怎么能”(主要用于否定句,疑问句或感叹句)
Eg:
Howcanyoubesocrazy?
5、(肯)表示客观可能性,常用来说明人或事物的特征,可翻译为“有时会”。
要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时,不用can,需用could,may,might。
Eg:
Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.
I’mconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.
Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.
Imaystayathomethisweekend.(实际可能性)
Petermightcometojoinus.(实际可能性)
注:
惯用形式“cannot…too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”
Eg:
Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好。
惯用形式“cannotbut+不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”。
Eg:
Icannotbutadmireherdetermination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。
【考点二】mayVSmight
1、表示允许,请求(May比较正式、客气,往往用于陌生人之间或正式场合,一般用于第一人称,might更委婉)
Eg:
——MayIsmokehere?
——No,youmustn’t(或No,you’dbetternot.)
注意:
回答语比较直接。
否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn’t,表示“禁止、之意,但也可以用hadbetternot(最好别)或maynot(不可以),语气较为委婉。
2、表推测(也许,可能,大概)might更委婉
Eg:
Itmayrainthisafternoon.
3、用于祈使句“祝”
Eg:
Mayyoubehappy!
Longmayhelive!
愿他能持续住下去。
Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone.
Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。
注:
与hope,wish的区别
Wishsb.sth.固定搭配所以wish后必须接n.
Hope(vi)+for
(vt)that/todo
注:
惯用句式maywelldo(很可能)=belikelytodo
may/mightaswelldo(最好)=hadbetter
Eg:
Youmayaswelltellusnow,we’llfindoutsoonerorlater.
Hemaywellnotforgiveyou.
【考点三】mustVShaveto
1、must主观“一定”haveto客观“不得不”
Eg:
Imuststudyhard.(自己下定决心要努力学习)
Ihavetostudyhard.(被家长骂了之后不得不努力学习)
2、mustn’t表“禁止”
Eg:
Youmustn’teatintheclassroom.
注:
1)否定形式:
Youmustn’tgothere.你不许去那里
Youdon’thavetogothere.你没必要去那里
2)疑问形式:
非得、、、、
---MustIcomebackinadvance?
---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.
3、must表肯定猜测
Eg:
Youmustbeconfusedbyyourhandwriting.
注:
must猜测的可能性很大,may/might可能性很小。
【考点四】shallVSshould
1、shall用于第一,三人称表示“征求意见”要区别于will表征求常用于第二人称willyou,may常用与第一人称mayI(比较正式,多用于陌生人)。
Eg:
ShallIremovemycoat?
2、shall用于二,三人称中表示允诺,威胁,命令,警告
Eg:
1.Don’tworry,youshallbeemployed.(允诺)
2.Heshallberegretfulforitoneday,Itellyou.(警告)
3.YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)
4.Ifyourchildrendon’tfinishyourhomework,youshallbepunished.(威胁)
3、shall必须(用在条约、规章、法令文件中表义务或规定,一般用于第三人称)
Eg:
Intrudersshallbefined.非法闯入者将遭罚款。
4、should表应该1).推测
2).责任
Eg:
Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.(推测)
Youshouldberesponsibleforyourbaby.(责任)
注:
oughtto表示应该是客观的should表主观的
Eg:
Youshouldhelpthemmakeprogress.
Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtoreceivegoodeducation.
3)should表“万一”(用在if引导的条件句中,一般情况不会发生,但也有发生的可能,从句谓语用should+动词原形构成,主句都一定用虚拟语气)
Eg:
ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.(万一我明天有时间,我就过来)
4)should表惊讶译为“竟然”与why,who,how,what连用
Eg:
WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?
【考点五】willVSwould
1、will表“意愿”,“请求”,“习惯”“功能译为:
能/行”
Eg:
Heisthemanwhowillconductother.(意愿)这个是常考点
NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.(表意愿的否定)
Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?
(请求)
Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.(习惯)
Thedoorwilllock.(功能)
注:
wouldVSusedtodo
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,不能表示过去存在的状态,另外,would是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系。
而usedtodo表示过去常常,今非昔比
Eg:
Inthosedays,wheneverIhaddifficulties,IwouldturntoMr.Chenforhelp.
Heusedtobeanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.
【考点六】dareVSneed既可以用作情态动词又可以用作实意动词
情态动词:
只用于否定与疑问前没有do后没有to/doing
实意动词:
(needdoing=needtobedone),过去式用needed、didyouneed?
和didn'tneed,肯定式用needs/needed/need,
Eg:
1.—Needweleavesoon?
—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)
2.Youneedn'thavehurried.
3.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceandunderstanding.
(need+名词,needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)
4.Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupaftertheparty?
(needsomebodytodosomething)
5.Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)
注:
情态动词+havedone
musthavedone表过去一定....
mighthavedone本可能...却没有
couldhavedone本能....却没有
should/oughttohavedone本应该....却没有
needn’thavedone本不必....却做了
但是注意:
might/mayhavedone和could/canhavedone可以表示对过去的推测但是可能性较小没有must那么一定
【基础演练】
1.John_(arrive)yet,orhewouldhavetelephonedme.(should’thavearrived)
2.Why_itgetcolderwhenweclimbupamountain?
Wearegettingnearertothesun!
(should)
3.Inmymemory,wheneverwechoseadayforapicnic,it_alwaysrainonthatday.(would)
4.You_makemistakes,butthatisthewayyoulearnhowthingsworkandhowtomendthem.(may)
5.-Youdidn’twaitforElizabethlastnight,didyou?
-Yes,butwe_shedidn’tcomeatall.(needn’thavearrived)
【题型分类典题精讲】
【牛刀小试】
1.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You______homewithoutaword.
A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft
C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave
2.--------Ihearyou’vegotasetofvaluablecoins.______Ihavealook?
--------Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
3.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI____reportittothepolice?
A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can
4.----Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?
-----No,it_____behim.I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.
A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot
5.------Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.
-----oh,he_____havebeenaverysmartboythen.
A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.must
6.-------Idon’tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.
--------You_____.I’mnotaskingyouforit.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
【群英荟萃】
1.—It’stheoffice!
Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.
—Oh,sorry.
A.mustB.willC.mayD.need
2.It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.
A.mayB.canC.mustD.should
3.—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.
—Well,you_______
A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might
4.—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?
—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.
A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeen
5.Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatIstayhereuntilshecomesback.
A.canB.mustC.willD.may
【鱼目混珠】
1.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
【题型一】单项选择
【牛刀小试】
1.It’saverykindoffer,butIreally_____acceptit.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.don’t
2.You_____practisethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.
A.needn’tB.mightn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t
3.——WillyoureadmeastoryMummy?
——OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.
A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall
4.Noone________becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.
A.canB.needC.mustD.might
5.Ifyou___go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.will
6.Tom,you_____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!
A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot
7.You_____buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.
A.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto
8.Doctorsaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit______beregularexercise.
A.canB.willC.mustD.may
9.Herbrotherbeathomenow,becausehewasseenplayingbasketballinthestadiumjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.shouldn't
10.Itbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.
A.mayB.couldn’tC.shouldD.needn’t
11.---Theroomissodirty._______wecleanit?
----Ofcourse.
A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do
12.Ifyouwanttoborrowafootballafterschool,yourstudentcard______here.
A.hastoleaveB.mustleaveC.hastobeleftD.mustbeleft
13.You______paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskills,asissoimportant.
A.cannotB.shouldC.mustD.neednot
14Seewhoisthere!
______itbeMay?
A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Will
15John______beabasketballplayer.Heismuchtooshort.
A.mayB.mustn’tC.can’tD.should
16.TheChineseteacherlookssopale.She______beill.
A.mustB.mustn’tC.canD.need
17.Something______tosaveourearth.Doyouthinkso?
A.candoB.mustdoC.hastodoD.mustbedone
18.Lookatwhatyouhavedone!
You______bemorecareful.
A.oughtB.canC.wouldD.should
19.—Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?
—“Noperson_______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”
A.willB.mayC.shallD.must
20.—______youbehappy!
—Thesametoyou!
A.WishB.HopeC.MayD.Should
【略有所成】
1.They____havearrivedatlunc