英语部分基础语法语法.docx

英语部分基础语法语法.docx

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英语部分基础语法语法

一．时态

一般时

进行时

完成时

完成进行时

现在

am/is/are

do/does

Am/is/are

+doing

Has/have+done

Has/havebeendoing

过去

did

Was/were+doing

Haddone

Hadbeendoing

将来

Will/

Begoingto

Will/begoingto+bedoing

Will/begoingto+havedone

Will/begoingto+

Havebeendoing

过去将来

Woulddo

wouldbedoing

Wouldhavedone

wouldhavebeendoing

（一）一般时

（1）一般过去式

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation，buthe__C___toquitandfindajobtosupporthidfamily。

辍学是真的，而且已经发生，所以用过去式

A.hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave

（2）一般现在式

InhisplayShakespeare__D___hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguage。

A.wouldmakeB.hadmadeC.madeD.makes

（3）一般将式来

Thecommitteehasanticipatedtheproblemsthat__B___intheroadconstructionproject。

A.ariseB.willariseC.aroseD.havearisen

从句用将来时表示“（现在预见到）某事将要发生”

（二）进行时

过去进行式

1.Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn’tknowhe___B__untilyesterday。

A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.came

（三）完成时

当句子当中有序数词firstsecondthird……副词only或最高级best、worst、most的时候，后面的定语从句用完成时态

（1）现在完成时

1.____D_____consciousofmymoralobligationasacitizen。

A.IwasandalwayswillbeB.Ihavetobeandalwayswillbe

C.IhadbeenandalwayswillbeD.Ihavebeenandalwayswillbe从过去持续到现在并将延续到将来

2.AIDSissaid____C____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.

A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen

3．”Itseemsthatshewasthereattheconference。

”ThesentencemeansthatC

A.sheseemstobethereattheconference

B.sheseemedtobethereattheconference

C.sheseemstohavebeenthereattheconference

D.sheseemedtobeingthereattheconference

（2）过去完成时

1.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe__C___impossibletocomprehend。

A.hasfoundB.wasfindingC.hadfoundD.wouldfind

当句子当中有序数词firstsecondthird……副词only或最高级best、worst、most的时候，后面的定语从句用完成时态

2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe___B__us.Ithinkit’shightimewe_____strongactiongsagainsthim。

A.betrayed……takeB.hadbetrayed……tookC.hasbetrayed……tookD.hasbetrayed……take

（四）完成进行时

（1）现在完成进行时

1.Forsometimenow,worldleaders_B___outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.

A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointed

2.Jack____A______fromhomefortwoweeks,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety。

A.hasbeenmissingB.hasbeenmissedC.hasbeenmissingD.wasmissed

二．从句

（一）宾语从句

1.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodo__C____liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsintheflood-strickenarea。

A.however引导方式状语从句B.whichever强调“多个选择中的任何一个”

C.whatever相当于anythingthat，即相当于带有关系分句作后置修饰语的名词词组

D.wherever引导地点状语从句

2.Weconsider__C____heshouldhaveleftwithoutanyonebeforehand。

A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstrangethatD.thatstrange

“动词+it+补语+that”

（二）同位语从句

1.Thereisnodoubt__B____thecoupledidtherightthingincomingbackhomeearlierthanplanned。

A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.when

That引导同位语从句，说明doubt的内容，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分

（三）表语从句

1.Qualityis__C___countsmost。

A.whichB.thatC.what=allthatD.where

（四）.状语从句

（1）方式状语

1.Shedidherwork_A___hermanagerhadinstructed.

A.asB.untilC.whenD.though

2.Nineistothree__D___threeistoone.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what

固定句型“A对B就如A1对B1”此句型what也可用as代替

（2）让步状语

.____D____,I’llmarryhimallthesame.

A.washerichorpoorB.whetherrichorpoorC.wereherichorpoorD.beherichorpoor

“be+主语+选择性表语”表示“不管是……还是……”=“whether+主语+be+表语”

条件状语

Ifnot__B___withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime。

A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated

当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一并省略。

（3）原因状语

1.Mendifferfromanimals___C___theycanthinkandspeak。

A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthat=because，引导原因状语从句D.inwhich

（4）时间状语

1.Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch__A____IvisitedmyfriendsinParislastyear。

A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where

2.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation____D___thecoachleft。

A.whenB.asC.untilD.than

Nosooner……than……，hardly……when……，assoonas……表示“一……就……”

（五）．定语从句

（1）一般情况

1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation__D____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?

A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.where

2.Theparty，__D___Iwastheguestofhonour，wasextremelyenjoyable。

A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich

3.Iwasveryinterestedin___A___shetoldme.

A.allthat=whatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.that

（2）关系代词在从句中作表语时，只能用that引导定语从句

1.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman___B___hewastwentyyearsago.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

2.Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork。

Heisnolongertheman__D___hewasfifteenyearsago。

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

非限制性定语从句

1.Wehavejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,，__A____shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.they

2．Abovethetreesarethehills,____C___magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface。

A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.which

3.Theyovercomeallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,_A__issomethingwehadnotexpected.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

（四）名词从句

2.After___C__seemedanendlesswait，itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

A.thatB.itC.whatD.there

三．虚拟语气

（一）IF条件句

If从句主句

真实条件：

现在时态一般现在时will/can情态动词+do

非现实条件与现在事实不符v-ed/werewould（could/should）+do

与过去事实不符haddonewouldhavedone/wereto+v./woulddo

与将来事实不符did.Were/shoulddo/weretodowoulddo

1.___A_______forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.

A.HaditnotbeenB.HadnotitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot

2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor，he___A___abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.

A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were

3．Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood，english__B___mucheasiertolearn.

A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen

错综时态的虚拟语气

2.________ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand？

A.wouldyoubesurprisedB.wereyousurprisedC.hadyoubeensurprised

D.wouldyouhavebeensurprised

现场提问，所以主句用“would+动词现在时

.3.________you________furtherproblemswithyourprinter，contactyourdealerforadvice。

A.if，hadB.have，hadC.should，haveD.incase，had

=ifyoushouldhavefurtherproblemswithyourprinter……

4.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she__B___muchbetterresultsnow。

A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget

条件句与过去事实相反；虽然主句的时间副词是now，但事实上该考试成绩已经出来，故用couldhavegot

（2）宾语从句的虚拟语气

（1）IFonly=Iwish句，后面的谓语一般用过去时表示目前的愿望

1.IfonlyI__B__playtheguitaraswellasyou.

A.would侧重人的意愿B.could侧重人的能力C.shouldD.might

2.Ifonlythepatient__A___adifferenttreatmentinst

eadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.

A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceivedD.werereceiving

（三）“Itis+形容词+that从句”中，如果形容词advisable，appropriate，desirable，essential，fitting，imperative，important，obligatory等表示歧视含义的形容词，则that分句使用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟语气

1.Itisimperativethatstudents___A___theirtermpapersontime.

A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin

2.Itisimperativethatthegovernment__C__moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry。

A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto

1.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam___C___hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties。

A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues

3.Itisnecessarythathe__A___　theassignmentwithoutdelay。

A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin

（四）Itis（about）time（that）是一个虚拟语气句型，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”

1.Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?

Idonotknow.Butitisabouttime__B___onsomething.

A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding

2.It’shighhightimewe__A___cuttingdowntherainforests。

A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop

（五）wouldrather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事，从句要用虚拟语气，动词一般用过去式，表示希望

区别：

wouldratherdosthwouldratherdo……thando

1.It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryou__A___now。

A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave

（六）Itisa.forsb.Todosth.

1.Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion，itisessential___A___forthat。

.

A．forustobepreparedB.thatwearepreparedC.ofustobepreparedD.ourbeingprepared

四．情态动词

1.Sincetheweatherisfinewe______walkforawhile.

A.mayB.mustC.mightaswell不妨D.will

2.Iwenttherein1984，andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI__C___thejourneyinexactlytwodays。

A.mustmakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake

Must多指现在或将来的情况，一般不用来表示过去必须做某事

Could指“一般的能力”，通常不表示某人在某一场合设法做了某事

Beableto犹指“具有能力完成某件有难度的事情”

2.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone__D___anopportunitytohearthespeech.

A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave

Sothat引导目的状语从句时，日常口语中可以使用“sothat+主语+will，would，can,could”

正式场合中使用“sothat+may，might，shall，should”

3.Iamsurprised__A____thiscityisadullplacetolivein。

A.thatyoushould表示一种惊讶的语气thinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking

Surprised的三种用法1.besurprisedtodo……2.besurprisedatsth/sb3.besurprisedthat……

1.“You__D___borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem，”Itoldmyfriend。

A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can

Provided引导条件状语从句，相当于if。

主句表示“许可”，在口语中常用can

1.She___D__fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference。

A.mustbe对现在的猜测B.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen表示对过去的猜测

2.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses“probability”？

B

A.Youmustleaveimmediately

B.Youmustbefeelingra