英语论文电影片名翻译与语境适应论.docx

英语论文电影片名翻译与语境适应论.docx

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英语论文电影片名翻译与语境适应论

电影片名翻译与语境适应论

摘要：

随着文化交流的扩大，越来越多的国外影片引进中国，受到观众的喜爱，越来越多的中国电影受到外国观众的关注。

电影标题作为电影语言的一部分，是电影第一面对受众的部分，其翻译自然是电影推广宣传的关键一环。

众所周知，电影标题也是社会语言的一部分，当然会涉及到社会文化形式的各个方面，包括政治，经济，历史，宗教等。

如何逾越不同社会文化背景所造成的理解鸿沟，是电影片名翻译首先要解决的问题。

语境适应论作为国内语用学范畴探讨的新理论，对如何逾越不同社会文化背景所造成的理解鸿沟有较强的指导性。

本文首先从商业、文化、艺术的视角指出了片名的重要性，接着分析了电影片名翻译主要影响因素——社会文化背景差异，然后详细分析了解决这一因素的语境适应论，并根据这一理论探讨指导中外电影片名互译的实用策略，同时指出语境适应理论对片名翻译有制约和延伸的作用。

关键词：

电影片名；翻译;文化差异;语境适应论;翻译策略

ABSTRACT:

Withthedevelopmentofcultureexchangeintheworld,moreandmoreEnglishfilmshavebeenintroducedintoourcountry,whichhavegainedpreferenceoftheChinesepeople.Atthesametime,Chinesefilmsarefavoredbyforeignaudience.Filmtitleisanimportantpartoffilmlanguage,andthefirstparttobedirectlyconfrontedwiththeaudiences,whosetranslationplaysacriticalroleinpromotionofthefilmproductionininternationalfilmmarket.Asweallknow,filmtitleisalsoaportionofthesociallanguage,soitsurelyrelatetoaspectsofthesocialculture,suchaspolitics,economics,history,religion,etc..Therefore,howtobridgethecomprehensiongapoftheaudiencesfromdifferentculturalbackgroundiscrucialtofilmtitletranslation.ContextualAdaptationTheory,ahottopicsinpragmaticsnowadays,mainlytalksaboutthekeytobridgethegapofdifferentcontextualbackgrounds,sothispaperwillapplycontextualadaptationtothefilmtitletranslation.Firstly,theimportanceofthefilmtitletranslationisanalyzedfromtheperspectiveofcommerce,cultureandart;thenthepaperdiscussesthemainfactorsoffilmtitletranslation,thatisthedifferenceoftheculturalbackgrounds;inthefollowingchapter,ContextualAdaptationTheoryisintroducedindetails,forthepurposeofexploringtheproperstrategiesoffilmtitletranslation. 

Keywords:

filmtitle;translation;culturaldifference;contextualadaptation;translationstrategy

1Introduction   

Asweallknown,filmisanaudio-visualart.Thisglamorousactisamagnificentgeminhumanhistory,whichcreatesromanticstoriesandleadshumanintoamarvelouslandwehavenevercomebefore.Lookingbacktothedevelopmenthistoryoffilm,wecannotdenythatfilmreflectsthesocietyrealityandthetimespirit.AstheculturalexchangebetweenChinaandoverseasbecomebooming,filmplaysanimportantroleascultureenvoy.Filmwasentrustedwiththemissiontoletmorepeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundstoenjoytheentertainmentandshareadvancedtechnologytogether.Thisisanunavoidabletrendintheworldnow.

Asthemostpopularformofmasscommunication,filmhasaccompaniedhumanforalmostonecentury.Inthelonghistory,filmindustryexperiencessixseriouschanges.Fromtheeraoffilm’sfatherLiasterbrothertakingblackandwhitedocumentaryintopeople’slifetotheeraoftalkie,ever-bigchangeoffilmindustryhasremarkablesignificanceinhumanhistory.Countlessfamousfilmstarsshowtheircharmingglamouronthescreenandmanyexcellentfilmsarepopularwithaudienceinthewholeworld.Enteringinto21century,thefilmindustrycontinuestodeveloprapidly,whichisentrustedwiththemissiontoletmorepeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgroundunderstandforeignculture.Asthedevelopmentofsociety,thetrendoffilmimportingandexportingisunavoidableduetotheglobalism. 

SincethepolicyofreformandopeningcarriedoutinChinaattheendof1970s,anincreasingamountofEnglishfilmshaveenteredChinesemarketandtheChinesefilmindustryhasdevelopedinthemeantime.Bothsidesneedtosharethemarketandspreadcultureofeachother.Therefore,itiscurialtobeacceptedbytheaudiencefromotherculturalbackground.Undoubtedly,filmtitletranslationisanimportantsegmentconcerted,whichisfarfrombeingexplored.Filmtitlemusterstheessenceofthefilmwholly,andinsomesense,asuccessfulfilmtitleshouldbetheonethatcanattractpeopletothecinema.Agoodtranslatorshouldtranslatethefilmtitleinthebaseofthecontextualadaptation,whichreflectstheculturesurroundingsofaudiencesuchassocietycurrentsituation,religionandhistory.Thoseobjectivefactorsareindirectcontactwithacceptanceandcomprehensionofaudience.Actually,itishightimethatfilmtitletranslationshouldpaymoreattentiontothecontextualadaptationfield.ThispapermakesatentativestudyofChineseandEnglishfilmtitletranslationwithanattempttoformulatesomepracticaltheoriesandmethodstoexplorefilmtitletranslation.

Thefilmtitlemusterstheessenceofthefilmwholly,andinsomesense,asuccessfulfilmtitleshouldbetheonethatcanattractpeopletothecinemaandthatshouldbecomeagreatbox-officehit.

Theintenserivalryofbigfilmcompaniesimpelsallfilminvestorstopaycarefulattentiontotheinternationalmarket.However,filmtitletranslationisaprocesstomasterthepsychologyandacceptanceofforeignaudiences.Namely,thisprocessisacruelsegmenttoenterinternationalmarket.Theaimoftranslatingfilmtitleistoinherit,thatistosay,thetranslatorshouldapplyaudience-orientedtranslationskillsonthebaseofreferringtofilmcontentinordertoenterintothemarketsuccessfully.Theaimoffilmtitletranslationlaythepositionofdisseminatingfilm.Translationisnotjusttheprocessoflanguagetransferring,butthesocietyphenomenonofcultureexchange.[1]Thegreatmissionoffilmtitletranslationistoincarnatetheculturevalueanddeveloptheunderstandingbetweendifferentcountries.

Beingaspecialandsignificantpartoftranslation,filmtitletranslationhasbeenpilotedfrommanyaspects,suchastheangleofreceptionaesthetics,theperspectiveofskopostheorieandculturalperspective.Agreatportionofscholarskeeptheireyesonreceptionaestheticswhichhasoftenbeentakenasthetheoreticalbackgroundtoanalyzefilmtitletranslation.Basedonthosetheories,typicalmodelsareestablishedaimingatprovidingthetheoreticalframeworktoguidefilmtitletranslation.Thosefruitfulresearchcontributealottothework.However,tillnownotasingletheoryortheoreticalframehasbeensetuptoguidethefilmtitletranslation,whichisfarfrombeingexploredinthepastyears.

 Contextualadaptation,anewlydevelopedfieldinChina,isadoptedasthetheoreticalbackgroundofthispaperandanaudience-orientedEnglishandChinesefilmtitletranslationapproachishighlyadvocated.ThereceptionprocessisakindofContextualadaptation,andthecontextualadaptationsignificanceofaliteraryworkcannotbefullyrealizedwithoutthereader’sreception.Contextualadaptationprovidesuswithanewperspectiveoftherelationshipbetweenfilmandaudience.Exploringthesources,typesandstylesoffilmtitle,thispaperclaimsthattranslatingfilmtitleisonthebaseoffour-foundationrule:

informationvalueprinciple,culturevalueprinciple,aestheticappreciationprincipleandbusinessvalueprinciple.Accordingly,thispaperputforwardthreebasictranslatingmethodswiththeguidanceofcontextualadaptation,whichareliteraltranslation,transliterateandadaptation.Thenthepaperwillraisethosetranslatingapproacheswithrichexamplestoelaboratetheimportanceandthewayofapplyingcontextualadaptation.

Contextualadaptationservesasthetheoreticalbaseofthispaperduetoitsapparentapplicabilityofthisnewlydevelopedfield,whichistestifiedasguidingprinciples.Convincingexamplesandpropermethodshavebeengiven.ChapterOnegivestheimportanceintroductionoffilmtitletranslation,fromtheangleofsocialdevelopmentandtheangleoftheaimoftitletranslation.ChapterTwosatesthedefinition,contentandimportanceofcontextualadaptation.ChapterThreestudiestheapplicationofthecontextualadaptationinfilmtitletranslation,whichincludesfour-foundationruleandthreebasictranslatingmethodswithtypicalexamplesoffilmtitletranslation.

2MainFactorsInTheTranslationOfFilmTitle

Thetranslatorshouldbearinmindthattherearesomemainfactorsinthetranslationoffilmtitle.AestheticPrinciple,Ideology,ThemeandStyleoffilmarethemainpointsthatneedcarefulconsiderationintheprocessoffilmtitletranslation.Then,inthischapter,thekeyfactorsoffilmtitletranslationwillbeanalyzedaccordingtorichexamples.

2.1AestheticPrincipleAndTheTranslationOfFilmTitle

Chineseaestheticsemphasizesthebalanceverymuch,particularlyinusingtheorganizationalstructureofthelanguagelikeaparallelsymmetry.Therefore,Four-characterphraseologyiscommonlyusedinChinesefilmtitlesandthetranslatedtitlesofforeign,suchtranslatedtitlesas卢浮魅影,生死时速,完美风暴,一往无前,永不妥协,天使之城,择日而亡,霹雳娇娃,狼犬丹尼,冰河世纪,etc.

Westerners'aestheticconceptsisputtingmoreemphasisonanalysisandpayingmoreattentiontolocalandindividualandadvocatingconcisenesswhichisreflectonthefilmtitlesdirectly.Substantialfactorsaffectingthedevelopmentofthefilmplot（suchaspeople,objects,things,location,etc.）orasingletermareusedasafilmtitleuniversally,likethenet,Saw,thepiano,Congo,ghost,thecar,coldmountain,KingKong,etc.SonowmanyChinesefilms,accordingtotheappreciatingcustomandpsychology,adoptthetranslatedtitlesasbriefaswesternfilms’,suchas决战紫禁之颠intotheDual;Jetlee’slatestfilm霍元甲withthenameFearless;ChenKaige’sblockbuster无极withitstranslatedtitlethePromise;看上去很美withtheLittleRedFlower,etc.

2.2IdeologyAndTheTranslationOfFilmTitle

TheconceptofideologyhasbeenbroadeninganditsintroductiontoTranslationStudieshasenabledresearcherstoprobeintosometranslationalphenomena,whichmighthavebeenneglectedothe