考研英语一真题附答案.docx

考研英语一真题附答案.docx

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考研英语一真题附答案

20XX年考研英语一真题（附答案）

20XX年考研英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Redthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）forechnumberedblnkndmrk,B,CorDonNSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Reserchonnimlintelligencelwysmkesmewonderjusthowsmrthumnsre.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCrlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesdy.Fruitflieswhoweretughttobesmrterthnthevergefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststht3bulbsburnlonger,thtthereisn4innotbeingtooterrificllybright.

Intelligence,it5out,ishigh-pricedoption.Ittkesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelndisslow6thestrtinglinebecuseitdependsonlerning-grdul7-instedofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesrebletolern,ndoneofthethingsthey’vepprentlylernediswhento8.

Istherendptivevlueto9intelligence?

Tht’sthequestionbehindthisnewreserch.Ilikeit.Instedofcstingwistfulglnce10tllthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyskswhttherel11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeverynimlI’veevermet.

Reserchonnimlintelligencelsomkesmewonderwhtexperimentsnimlswould13onhumnsiftheyhdthechnce.Everyctwithnowner,14,isrunningsmll-sclestudyinoperntconditioning.webelievetht15nimlsrnthelbs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourptience,ourfithfulness,ourmemoryforterrin.Theywouldtrytodecidewhtintelligenceinhumnsisrelly17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudy19question:

rehumnsctullywreoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsreinconclusive.

1.[]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imgine

2.[]tended[B]fered[C]hppened[D]thretened

3.[]thinner[B]stbler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

4.[]tendency[B]dvntge[C]inclintion[D]priority

5.[]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforwrd

6.[]off[B]behind[C]over[D]long

7.[]incredible[B]spontneous[C]inevitble[D]grdul

8.[]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

9.[]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

10.[]upwrd[B]forwrd[C]fterwrd[D]bckwrd

11.[]fetures[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

12.[]outside[B]on[C]by[D]cross

13.[]deliver[B]crry[C]perform[D]pply

14.[]bychnce[B]incontrst[C]susul[D]forinstnce

15.[]if[B]unless[C]s[D]lest

16.[]moderte[B]overcome[C]determine[D]rech

17.[]t[B]for[C]fter[D]with

18.[]bovell[B]fterll[C]However[D]Otherwise

19.[]fundmentl[B]comprehensive[C]equivlent[D]hostile

20.[]Byccident[B]Intime[C]Sofr[D]BetterstillSectionIIRedingComprehension

Prt

Directions:

Redthefollowingfourtexts.nswerthequestionsbelowechtextbychoosing,B,CorD.MrkyournswersonNSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Hbitsrefunnything.Werechforthemmindlessly,settingourbrinsonuto-pilotndrelxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffmilirroutine.“Notchoice,buthbitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WillimWordsworthsidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-chnging21stcentury,eventheword“hbit”crriesnegtiveconnottion.

Soitseemsntitheticltotlkbouthbitsinthesmecontextscretivityndinnovtion.Butbrinreserchershvediscoveredthtwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhbits,wecreteprllelsynpticpths,ndevenentirelynewbrincells,thtcnjumpourtrinsofthoughtontonew,innovtivetrcks.

Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhbits;oncethoserutsofprocedurerewornintothehippocmpus,they’retheretosty.Insted,thenewhbitswedelibertelyingrinintoourselvescreteprllelpthwysthtcnbypssthoseoldrods.

“Thefirstthingneededforinnovtionisfscintionwithwonder,”sysDwnMrkov,uthorof“TheOpenMind”ndnexecutivechngeconsultntforProfessionlThinkingPrtners.“Butweretughtinstedto‘decide,’justsourpresidentcllshimself‘theDecider.’”Shedds,

however,tht“todecideistokilloffllpossibilitiesbutone.goodinnovtionlthinkerislwysexploringthemnyotherpossibilities.”

llofusworkthroughproblemsinwysofwhichwe’reunwre,shesys.Reserchersinthelte1960coveredththumnsrebornwiththecpcitytopprochchllengesinfourprimrywys:

nlyticlly,procedurlly,reltionlly（orcollbortively）ndinnovtively.tpuberty,however,thebrinshutsdownhlfofthtcpcity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtththveseemedmostvlubleduringthefirstdecdeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphsisonstndrdizedtestinghighlightsnlysisndprocedure,meningthtfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovtivendcollbortivemodesofthought.“Thisbreksthemjorruleinthemericnbeliefsystem-thtnyonecndonything,”explinsM.J.Ryn,uthorofthe20XXbook“ThisYerIWill...”ndMs.Mrkov’sbusinessprtner.“Tht’sliethtwehveperpetuted,nditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhtyou’regoodtnddoingevenmoreofitcretesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhbitscomesin.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhbitisclimedbybeing

.csul

B.fmilir

C.mechnicl

D.chngeble.

22.Thereserchershvediscoveredthttheformtionofhbitcnbe

.predicted

B.regulted

C.trced

D.guided

23.”ruts”（inlineone,prgrph3）hsclosestmeningto

.trcks

B.series

C.chrcteristics

D.connections

24.Ms.Mrkov’scommentssuggestthttheprcticeofstndrdtesting?

preventsnewhbitsformbeingformed

B,nolongeremphsizescommonness

C,mintinstheinherentmericnthinkingmodel

D,complieswiththemericnbeliefsystem

25.Rynmostprobblygreetht

.idesrebornofrelxingmind

B.innovtivenesscouldbetught

C.decisivenessderivesfromfntsticides

D.curiosityctivtescretiveminds

Text2

Itiswiseftherthtknowshisownchild,buttodymncnboosthispternl（ftherly）wisdom-ortlestconfirmththe’sthekid’sdd.llheneedstodoisshellour$30forpternitytestingkit（PTK）thislocl

drugstore-ndnother$120togettheresults.

Morethn60,000peoplehvepurchsedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomevilblewithoutprescriptionslstyers,ccordingtoDougFog,chiefopertingofficerofIdentigene,whichmkestheover-the-counterkits.MorethntwodozencompniessellDNtestsDirectlytothepublic,rnginginpricefromfewhundreddollrstomorethn$2500.

mongthemostpopulr:

pternityndkinshiptesting,whichdoptedchildrencnusetofindtheirbiologiclreltivesndltestrgemnypssiontegenelogists-ndsupportsbusinessesthtoffertoserchforfmily’sgeogrphicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingslivinthemouthndsendingittothecompnyfortesting.lltestsrequirepotentilcndidtewithwhomtocompreDN.

Butsomeobserversreskepticl,“Thereiskindofflseprecisionbeinghwkedbypeopleclimingtheyredoingncestrytesting,”sysTreyDuster,NewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthtechindividulhsmnyncestors-numberinginthehundredsjustfewcenturiesbck.Yetmostncestrytestingonlyconsiderssinglelinege,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninfther’slineormitochondrilDN,whichpsseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNcnrevelgeneticinformtionboutonlyoneortwoncestors,eventhough,forexmple,justthreegenertionsbckpeoplelsohvesixothergret-grndprentsor,fourgenertionsbck,14othergret-gret-grndprents.

Criticslsorguethtcommercilgenetictestingisonlysgoodsthereferencecollectionstowhichsmpleiscompred.Dtbsesusedbysomecompniesdon’trelyondtcollectedsystemticllybutrtherlumptogetherinformtionfromdifferentreserchprojects.ThismensthtDNdtbsemydifferdependingonthecompnythtprocessestheresults.Inddition,thecomputerprogrmscompnyusestoestimtereltionshipsmybeptentedndnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevlution.

26.Inprgrphs1nd2,thetextshowsPTK’s___________.

[]esyvilbility

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]populritywithhouseholds

27.PTKisusedto__________.

[]locteone’sbirthplce[B]promotegeneticreserch

[C]identifyprent-childkinship[D]choosechildrenfordoption

28.Skepticlobserversbelievethtncestrytestingfilsto__________.

[]trcedistntncestors[B]rebuildreliblebloodlines[C]fullyusegeneticinformtion[D]chievetheclimedccurcy

29.Inthelstprgrph,problemcommercilgenetictestingfcesis__________.

[]disorgnizeddtcollection

[B]overlppingdtbsebuilding

30.nppropritetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.

[]ForsndginstsofDNtesting[B]DNtestingndIt’sproblems[C]DNtestingoutsidethelb[D]liesbehindDNtesting

Text3

Thereltionshipbetweenformleductionndeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsndpoliticinslikeprogressinbothreisundoubtedlynecessryforthesocil,politiclndintellectuldevelopmentofthesendllothersocieties;however,theconventionlviewthteductionshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrpideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Werefortuntethtisit,becuseneweductionlsystemstherendputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformncewouldrequiretwoorthreegenertions.Thefindingsofreserchinstitutionhveconsistentlyshownthtworkersinllcountriescnbetrinedonthejobtochieverdiclhigherproductivitynd,sresult,rdicllyhigherstndrdsofliving.

Ironiclly,thefirstevidenceforthisidepperedintheUnitedSttes.Notlonggo,withthecountryenteringrecessingndJpntitspre-bubblepek.TheU.S.workforcewsderidedspoorlyeductedndoneofprimrycuseofthepoorU.S.economicperformnce.Jpnws,ndremins,theglobllederinutomotive-ssemblypr