高中英语 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe模块综合测评 外研版选修8.docx

高中英语 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe模块综合测评 外研版选修8.docx

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高中英语Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse模块综合测评外研版选修8

单元综合测评（五）

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

Theyearis2094.Ithasbeenannouncedthatacomet（彗星）isheadingtowardstheEarth.Mostofitwillmissourplanet，buttwopieceswillprobablyhitthesouthernhalfoftheEarth.

On17July，apiecefourkilometerswideenterstheEarth'satmospherewithamassiveexplosion.Abouthalfofthepieceisdestroyed，buttheremainingparthitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsound.Theseaboilsandahugeholeismadeintheseabed.Hugewavesarecreatedandspreadoutwardsfromthehole.Thewallofwater，akilometerhigh，rushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometersanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowned.

BeforethewavesreachSouthAmerica，thesecondpieceofthecometlandsinArgentina.EarthquakesandvolcanoesaresetoffintheAndesMountains.TheshockwavesmovenorthintoCaliforniaandallaroundthePacificOcean.ThecitiesofLosAngeles，SanFranciscoandTokyoarecompletelydestroyedbyearthquakes.Millionsofpeopleinthesouthernhalfoftheeartharealreadydead，butthenorthwon'tescapeforlong.Becauseoftheexplosions，thesunishiddenbycloudsofdust，temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.Cropsareruined.Thesunwon'tbeseenagainformanyyears.Warsbreakoutascountriesfightforfood.Ayearlater，nomorethan10millionpeopleremainalive.

Coulditreallyhappen？

Infact，ithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.ThedinosaurswereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeared.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyapieceofobjectinspace.Thedinosaurscouldn'tlivethroughthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheydiedout.Willwemeetthesameend?

1．Whatisdescribedinthepassage?

A．Ahistoricdiscovery.

B．Aresearchonspace.

C．Ascientificadventure.

D．Aneventofimagination.

【解析】　推理判断题。

根据短文首句和最后一句结合短文内容可知，本文讲述的是一个想象出来的事件。

故选D项。

【答案】　D

2．WhenthefirstpiecehitstheSouthAtlantic，itcauses______.

A．hugewaves　　B．ahurricane

C．anearthquakeD．anEarthexplosion

【解析】　细节理解题。

由第二段第二、三、四句可知，当第一块碎片撞击南大西洋时，海水会沸腾，并引起巨大的海浪，故A项符合题意。

【答案】　A

3．Whycan'tthenorthernhalfoftheEarthescapeforlong?

A．Becausethelandiscoveredwithwater.

B．Becausewarsbreakoutamongcountries.

C．Becausepeopletherecannotliveatthetemperatureofzero.

D．BecausethelightandheatfromthesuncannotreachtheEarth.

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后几句可知，由于太阳被遮住，地球温度过低，农作物被毁，北半球也坚持不了多长时间。

故选D项。

【答案】　D

4．Bygivingtheexampleofdinosaurs，theauthortriestoprove______.

A.thehumanbeingswilldieoutin2094

B．animalscouldnotliveinthecoldclimate

C．theEarthcouldbehitbyotherobjectsinspace

D．whathappened65millionyearsagowasaninventedstory

【解析】　推理判断题。

由最后一段倒数第三句可知，地球有被太空中其他物体撞击的可能。

故选D项。

【答案】　C

B

EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets（彗星）whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.

However，HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton，whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedouttheproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepaperonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse（椭圆形）．

NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyotherscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.

ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit，themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcometsaspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.

Itwasanastonishingidea!

Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.

In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit，forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley'scomet，inhishonour.

5．Halleymadehisdiscovery______.

A．byfiguringouttheorbitofonecomet

B．throughhisowncarefulobservation

C．byusingtheworkofotherscientists

D．byfindingIsaacNewton'spaper

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句可看出，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察成果的基础上得出的。

故选C项。

【答案】　C

6．Halleymadeasurprisingbutcorrectpredictionintheyear______.

A．1704　B．1705　　

C．1706　　D．1707

【解析】　数字计算题。

根据倒数第二段第三句可确定哈雷认为这颗彗星下次出现的时间是1758年，然后根据下一句确定这颗彗星是在1758年前的53年出现的，再用1758减去53年就可以得出正确答案为1705年。

故选B项。

【答案】　B

7．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A．EdmundHalleyisanAmericanscientist.

B．Halleymadehispredictionbydoingexperiments.

C．IsaacNewtonisanexcellentmathematician.

D．Theorbitofacomethastheshapeofacircle.

【解析】　正误判断题。

根据第二段第一句可知，牛顿是一位出色的数学家，故C项正确。

根据文章首句可知，哈雷是一位英国科学家，故A项错误；根据第三、四段以及第五段第一句可知，哈雷的预言是在自己的计算和推理之后得出的，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，所以排除D项。

【答案】　C

8．Thispassageingeneralisabout______.

A．Halleyandotherscientists

B．theorbitofacomet

C．NewtonandHalley

D．HalleyandHalley'scomet

【解析】　主旨大意题。

文章自始至终都在介绍哈雷及他的发现。

另外也可以从文章的首句和尾句看出本文的主旨大意。

故选D项。

【答案】　D

C

Partiesandsocialgatheringsnolongerexciteusthesamewaytheyoncedid.Thisisnotduetoalackofdesiretosocialize,butthesmartphone.

Atparties,morepeopleareontheirsmartphonesthanontheirdrinks.AccordingtoarecentInternationalDataCorporationstudy,welloverhalfofallAmericanshaveasmartphoneandreachforitthemomenttheywakeup,keepingitinhandallday.Inaddition,toomanypeopleinsocietyareusingsmartphoneswhiledrivingandasaresult,theygetintocarcrashes.34percentofteenagersadmittotextingwhiledriving,andtheyconfirmthattextmessagingistheirnumberonedrivinginterruption.People'sattachmenttotheirsmartphonesisunbelievablybecomingmoreimportantthanthelivesofthemselvesandothers.

Justasdriversdismisstheimportanceoffocusingwhileontheroad,manypeoplealsofailtorecognizethesignificanceofhumaninteraction.Whenwiththeirfriends,somepeoplepointlesslycheckorsendtextmessagesinthepresenceofafriend,whichsendsamessagetothatfriend：

thepersonIamtextingismoreimportantthanyou.Inaddition,relyingonoursmartphonestomakefriendsdoesnotgiveusthesameadvantageasbeingabletomakenewfriendshipsintherealworld.Facetofaceconversationswillgiveusmuchstrongercommunicationskillsinthelongrun.

Asmanypeoplerisktheirlivesandthelivesofpeoplearoundthemjusttosendatextormindlesslychecktheirmessages,smartphonesareinmanywaysmoredangeroustopeople.Thequalityofthistechnologyishinderingsocietalachievementsandweakeningthevalueofcommunication.Notonlyisthesmartphoneaffectingourdesiretointeract（交流）facetoface，butitisalsoloweringsociety'sabilitytocommunicate.

【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。

讲述了人们在参加聚会、开车的时候，也在用手机发短信，这极大地影响了人与人之间的交流，甚至导致事故的发生。

9．Thepurposeofthistextisto________.

A．callforanendtousethesmartphonewhiledriving

B．appealtoustopayattentiontocommunicationskills

C．expressaconcernabouttheoveruseofthesmartphone

D．adviseustobecautiousabouttheaddictiontothesmartphone

【解析】　主旨大意题。

全文通过描述人们在社交或开车的时候埋头玩智能手机的现象，指出了这一现象背后值得思考的话题：

智能手机的过度使用已影响到了人们的日常生活和交流。

作者对此表示担忧，因此选C。

【答案】　C

10．Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby________.

A．givingexamples

B．listingfigures

C．comparingfacts

D．analyzingtheeffects

【解析】　写作手法题。

第二段讲述了人们使用智能手机的情况，比如聚会上、开车时，并提到了开车时使用手机发短信的青少年的比重，因此该段是通过举例子来阐述其观点的。

【答案】　A

11．Theauthoradvocatesustomakenewfriends________.

A．byusingsmartphones

B．inafacetofaceway

C．indifferentways

D．underafreecircumstance

【解析】　细节理解题。

根据第三段的最后两句话“Inaddition，relyingonoursmartphonestomakefriendsdoesnotgiveusthesameadvantageasbeingabletomakenewfriendshipsintherealworld.Facetofaceconversationswillgiveusmuchstrongercommunicationskillsinthelongrun.”可知，作者提倡面对面交朋友，而不是通过手机，因此选B。

【答案】　B

12．Overdependenceonthesmartphoneleadstothefactthat________.

A．partiesandgatheringslimittheirsocialcircle

B．peoplearemoreandmorenarrowminded

C．people'scommunicationskillsareweakened

D．facetofacecommunicationbecomeslessimportant

【解析】　细节理解题。

由最后一段中的“Thequalityofthistechnologyishinderingsocietalachievementsandweakeningthevalueofcommunication.”可知，对手机过于依赖会削弱交流的价值，因此选C。

【答案】　C

D

Fromthefirstuseoftherockettocarrysatellitesintospacetothesettingupofspacestations，humanbeingshavebeenputtinggreateffortsintospaceresearch.Andsofar，wehaveachievedmanysuccesses.Buttherearestillnumeroustasksinfrontofusandweshouldnotceasetryingprogress.

Theinternationalspacestationisanimportantstepweshouldtakeinspaceexploration.Itisnotonlyhelpfulbutalsoessential.Itprovidesaproperspaceenvironmentformanyexperimentsthatwehavewantedtodoforalongtime.Itisalsoabasefortheobservationsoftheearthandtheuniverse.ItcouldalsobeanimportantbaseforlatertraveltothemoonandMars.Inaword，ifwewanttoexplorespacemore，thefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation.

Asthespacestationcostsalotofmoney，itishardforonecountryalonetoestablishone.TheUSAseemstobetheonlycountrythathastheabilitytobuildaspacestationalone，andithastriedtodoso，butnotverysuccessful.Soitaggregatedmanyothercountriestowork